將ASA防火牆更換為主用/備用故障轉移對

已更新: 2023 年 6 月 21 日

文件 ID:220525

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簡介

本文檔介紹如何用主用/備用故障轉移對替換自適應安全裝置(ASA)防火牆。

背景資訊

ASA防火牆支援兩種故障切換配置：主用/主用故障切換和主用/備用故障切換。本文檔介紹將ASA防火牆更換為主用/備用故障切換的過程。

有2個防火牆：

firewall-a is primary/active
firewall-b is secondary/standby

故障切換配置中主裝置和輔助裝置之間的差異

此命令表示此防火牆一律將作用中組態推送到輔助防火牆。

# failover lan unit primary

此命令表示此防火牆始終從主防火牆接收活動配置。

# failover lan unit secondary

故障切換配置中的主用裝置和備用裝置之間的差異

此命令表示此防火牆是故障轉移對中的活動運行防火牆。

# failover active

此命令表示此防火牆是在故障轉移對中運行防火牆的備用防火牆。

# failover standby

更換輔助防火牆故障

1.驗證主防火牆是否處於活動狀態且處於聯機狀態。舉例來說：

firewall-a/pri/act# show failover 
Failover On 
Failover unit Primary
Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up)
Reconnect timeout 0:00:00
Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds
Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds
Interface Policy 1
Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum
MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set
Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56
Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL1, Mate JADSERIAL2
Last Failover at: 19:54:29 GMT May 23 2023
	This host: Primary - Active 
		Active time: 2204 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outside (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
	Other host: Secondary - Failed 
		Active time: 0 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)

2.關閉並物理移除輔助防火牆。

3.以物理方式新增新的輔助防火牆並開啟其電源。

4.一旦新的輔助防火牆使用預設出廠配置處於活動狀態，啟用故障切換鏈路， no shutdown 故障切換物理鏈路。

範例：

firewall-a/pri/act#conf t
firewall-a/pri/act#(config)#interface Port-channel1
firewall-a/pri/act#(config-if)#no shutdown
firewall-a/pri/act#(config)#exit
firewall-a/pri/act#
firewall-b/sec/stby#conf t
firewall-b/sec/stby#(config)#interface Port-channel1
firewall-b/sec/stby#(config-if)#no shutdown
firewall-b/sec/stby#(config)#exit
firewall-b/sec/stby#

5.配置故障切換命令。舉例來說：

firewall-a/pri/act# sh run | inc fail
failover
failover lan unit primary
failover lan interface sync Port-channel1
failover link sync Port-channel1
failover interface ip sync 10.10.13.9 255.255.255.252 standby 10.10.13.10
no failover wait-disable
firewall-a/pri/act# 

firewall-b/sec/stby# sh run | inc fail
no failover
failover lan unit secondary
failover lan interface sync Port-channel1
failover link sync Port-channel1
failover interface ip sync 10.10.13.9 255.255.255.252 standby 10.10.13.10
no failover wait-disable
firewall-b/sec/stby#

6.在新的輔助防火牆上啟用故障切換。舉例來說：

firewall-b/sec/stby#conf t
firewall-b/sec/stby#(config)#failover
firewall-b/sec/stby#(config)#exit
firewall-b/sec/stby#
firewall-b/sec/stby# sh run | inc fail
failover
firewall-b/sec/stby#

7.等待活動配置同步到新裝置並驗證正確的故障切換狀態。舉例來說：

firewall-a/pri/act# 
Beginning configuration replication: Sending to mate.
End Configuration Replication to mate
firewall-a/pri/act# 
firewall-b/sec/stby# 
Beginning configuration replication from mate.
End configuration replication from mate.
firewall-b/sec/stby#

注意：請注意，主防火牆(firewall-a)會將配置傳送到輔助防火牆(firewall-b)。

8.在主要/主用系統上儲存配置，並在新的輔助/備用系統上驗證寫記憶體。舉例來說：

firewall-a/pri/act#write memory
Building configuration...
Cryptochecksum: ad317407 935a773c 6c5fb66a c5edc342 
64509 bytes copied in 9.290 secs (7167 bytes/sec)
[OK]
firewall-a/pri/act#
firewall-b/sec/stby# 
May 24 2023 15:16:21 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111001: Begin configuration: console writing to memory
May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111004: console end configuration: OK
May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111008: User 'failover' executed the 'write memory' command.
May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111010: User 'failover', running 'N/A' from IP x.x.x.x , executed 'write memory'
firewall-b/sec/stby#

9.驗證兩個防火牆上的故障轉移對是否處於開啟/開啟活動狀態。舉例來說：

firewall-a/pri/act# show failover 
Failover On 
Failover unit Primary
Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up)
Reconnect timeout 0:00:00
Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds
Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds
Interface Policy 1
Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum
MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set
Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56
Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL1, Mate JADSERIAL2
Last Failover at: 19:54:29 GMT May 23 2023
	This host: Primary - Active 
		Active time: 71564 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outside (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
	Other host: Secondary - Standby Ready 
		Active time: 0 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)

firewall-b/sec/stby# show failover 
Failover On 
Failover unit Secondary
Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up)
Reconnect timeout 0:00:00
Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds
Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds
Interface Policy 1
Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum
MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set
Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56
Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL2, Mate JADSERIAL1
Last Failover at: 20:51:27 GMT May 23 2023
	This host: Secondary - Standby Ready 
		Active time: 0 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
	Other host: Primary - Active 
		Active time: 71635 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.1: Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outide (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)

更換主防火牆故障

驗證輔助防火牆是否處於活動狀態且處於聯機狀態。舉例來說：

firewall-b/sec/act# show failover 
Failover On 
Failover unit Secondary
Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up)
Reconnect timeout 0:00:00
Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds
Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds
Interface Policy 1
Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum
MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set
Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56
Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL2, Mate JADSERIAL1
Last Failover at: 19:54:29 GMT May 23 2023
	This host: Secondary - Active 
		Active time: 2204 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outside (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
	Other host: Primary - Failed 
		Active time: 0 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)

關閉並物理移除主防火牆。
以物理方式新增新的主防火牆並開啟其電源。
現在，新的主防火牆使用預設出廠配置啟用。
啟用故障切換鏈路， no shutdown 故障切換物理鏈路。舉例來說：

firewall-a/pri/stby#conf t
firewall-a/pri/stby#(config)#interface Port-channel1
firewall-a/pri/stby#(config-if)#no shutdown
firewall-a/pri/stby#(config)#exit
firewall-a/pri/stby#

firewall-b/sec/act#conf t
firewall-b/sec/act#(config)#interface Port-channel1
firewall-b/sec/act#(config-if)#no shutdown
firewall-b/sec/act#(config)#exit
firewall-b/sec/act#

儲存配置。在 secondary/active firewall 並確保 failover lan unit secondary 在啟動配置中。

注意：這是一個關鍵步驟。

範例：

firewall-b/sec/act# write memory
Building configuration...
Cryptochecksum: ad317407 935a773c 6c5fb66a c5edc342 

64509 bytes copied in 9.290 secs (7167 bytes/sec)
[OK]
firewall-b/sec/act# show start | inc unit
failover lan unit secondary
firewall-b/sec/act#

配置故障切換命令。
1. 在輔助/主用防火牆上，必須首先將 failover lan unit primary 命令，確保將主用配置從輔助/主用防火牆推送到新的預設配置主/備用防火牆。舉例來說：

firewall-b/sec/act# sh run | inc unit
failover lan unit secondary
firewall-b/sec/act#

firewall-b/sec/act#conf t
firewall-b/sec/act#(config)#failover lan unit primary
firewall-b/sec/act#(config)#exit
firewall-b/sec/act# sh run | inc unit
failover lan unit primary
firewall-b/pri/act#

b. 驗證兩台裝置上的故障轉移配置。舉例來說：

firewall-b/pri/act# sh run | inc fail
failover
failover lan unit primary
failover lan interface sync Port-channel1
failover link sync Port-channel1
failover interface ip sync 10.10.13.9 255.255.255.252 standby 10.10.13.10
no failover wait-disable
firewall-b/pri/act# 

firewall-a/sec/stby# sh run | inc fail
no failover
failover lan unit secondary
failover lan interface sync Port-channel1
failover link sync Port-channel1
failover interface ip sync 10.10.13.9 255.255.255.252 standby 10.10.13.10
no failover wait-disable
firewall-a/sec/stby#

在新主防火牆上啟用故障轉移。舉例來說：

firewall-a/sec/stby#conf t
firewall-a/sec/stby#(config)#failover
firewall-a/sec/stby#(config)#exit
firewall-a/sec/stby#

firewall-a/sec/stby# sh run | inc fail
failover
firewall-a/sec/stby#

等待活動配置同步到新裝置並驗證正確的故障切換狀態。舉例來說：

firewall-b/pri/act# 
Beginning configuration replication: Sending to mate.
End Configuration Replication to mate
firewall-b/pri/act# 
firewall-a/sec/stby# 
Beginning configuration replication from mate.
End configuration replication from mate.
firewall-a/sec/stby#

注意：請注意，主防火牆(firewall-b)會將配置傳送到輔助防火牆(firewall-a)。

註：請勿在現在的主用/主用防火牆(firewall-b)上寫入記憶體。

重新載入現在的主用/主用防火牆(firewall-b)，使其作為輔助/備用防火牆進行備份。

firewall-b/pri/act#reload

執行「firewall-b reload」命令後（等待15秒），立即切換到新的主防火牆(firewall-a)，並輸入 failover lan unit primary 命令，後跟 write memory .

firewall-a/sec/act#conf t
firewall-a/sec/act#(config)#failover lan unit primary
firewall-a/sec/act#(config)#exit
firewall-a/sec/act# sh run | inc unit
failover lan unit primary
firewall-a/pri/act# write memory
Building configuration...
Cryptochecksum: ad317407 935a773c 6c5fb66a c5edc342 

64509 bytes copied in 9.290 secs (7167 bytes/sec)
[OK]
firewall-a/pri/act# show start | inc unit
failover lan unit primary
firewall-a/pri/act#

等待firewall-b完全啟動並將故障轉移對作為輔助/備用裝置加入。舉例來說：

firewall-a/pri/act# 
Beginning configuration replication: Sending to mate.
End Configuration Replication to mate
firewall-a/pri/act# 
firewall-b/sec/stby# 
Beginning configuration replication from mate.
End configuration replication from mate.
firewall-b/sec/stby#

註意：請注意，主防火牆(firewall-a)會將配置傳送到輔助防火牆(firewall-b)。

儲存配置，在主用/主用上寫入記憶體，並在新的輔助/備用上驗證寫入記憶體。舉例來說：

firewall-a/pri/act#write memory
Building configuration...
Cryptochecksum: ad317407 935a773c 6c5fb66a c5edc342 

64509 bytes copied in 9.290 secs (7167 bytes/sec)
[OK]
firewall-a/pri/act#

firewall-b/sec/stby# 
May 24 2023 15:16:21 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111001: Begin configuration: console writing to memory
May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111004: console end configuration: OK
May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111008: User 'failover' executed the 'write memory' command.
May 24 2023 15:16:22 firewall-b : %ASA-5-111010: User 'failover', running 'N/A' from IP x.x.x.x , executed 'write memory'
firewall-b/sec/stby#

驗證兩個防火牆上的故障轉移對是否處於開啟/開啟活動狀態。舉例來說：

firewall-a/pri/act# show failover 
Failover On 
Failover unit Primary
Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up)
Reconnect timeout 0:00:00
Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds
Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds
Interface Policy 1
Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum
MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set
Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56
Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL1, Mate JADSERIAL2
Last Failover at: 19:54:29 GMT May 23 2023
	This host: Primary - Active 
		Active time: 71564 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outside (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
	Other host: Secondary - Standby Ready 
		Active time: 0 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)

firewall-b/sec/stby# show failover 
Failover On 
Failover unit Secondary
Failover LAN Interface: sync Port-channel1 (up)
Reconnect timeout 0:00:00
Unit Poll frequency 1 seconds, holdtime 15 seconds
Interface Poll frequency 5 seconds, holdtime 25 seconds
Interface Policy 1
Monitored Interfaces 0 of 1292 maximum
MAC Address Move Notification Interval not set
Version: Ours 9.12(4)56, Mate 9.12(4)56
Serial Number: Ours JADSERIAL2, Mate JADSERIAL1
Last Failover at: 20:51:27 GMT May 23 2023
	This host: Secondary - Standby Ready 
		Active time: 0 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outside (10.1.1.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.2): Normal (Not-Monitored)
	Other host: Primary - Active 
		Active time: 71635 (sec)
		slot 0: FPR-2110 hw/sw rev (49.46/9.12(4)56) status (Up Sys)
		  Interface inside (10.0.0.1: Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface outide (10.1.1.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)
		  Interface management (10.2.2.1): Normal (Not-Monitored)

修訂記錄

修訂	發佈日期	意見
1.0	21-Jun-2023	初始版本

由思科工程師貢獻

Rogelio Sanchez Nunez
Cisco TAC Engineer