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缓存在Cisco IOS配置示例的ACS 5.x AAA

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已更新: 2013 年 9 月 26 日
文档 ID:116505
关于翻译

关于此翻译

思科采用人工翻译与机器翻译相结合的方式将此文档翻译成不同语言，希望全球的用户都能通过各自的语言得到支持性的内容。 请注意：即使是最好的机器翻译，其准确度也不及专业翻译人员的水平。 Cisco Systems, Inc. 对于翻译的准确性不承担任何责任，并建议您总是参考英文原始文档（已提供链接）。

简介

本文描述必要步骤为了配置TACACS+ Telnet和VTY线路的访问管理员用户证件缓存。授权和认证缓存在Cisco IOS版本15.0(1)M集成。此功能enable (event)存储验证、授权和统计(AAA)证件的路由器在其高速缓冲存储器，在收到给AAA请求后的一个TACACS+回复。万一AAA服务器是不可得到的，高速缓冲存储器用于为了提高性能和减少作为后退认证方法被发送的到AAA服务器，或者相当数量请求。

先决条件

要求

Cisco推荐您：

  • 确认路由器和思科安全访问控制服务器(ACS)版本5.x之间的IP连通性。
  • 定义在ACS的路由器成一个AAA客户端(网络设备)有同一个共有的秘密的。

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

  • ACS版本5
  • 运行Cisco IOS版本15.1的路由器

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您使用的是真实网络，请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。

配置

在Cisco IOS路由器的配置

  1. 输入这些命令为了定义TACACS服务器和预共享密钥：
    Router(config)#tacacs-server host 192.168.159.41
    Router(config)#tacacs-server timeout 4
    Router(config)#tacacs-server key SECRET12345


  2. 输入这些命令为了定义高速缓冲存储器配置文件组。

    Note:每配置文件名字必须匹配AAA用户名。


    Router(config)#aaa cache profile admin
    Router(config-profile-map)# profile peteradmin


  3. 输入这些命令为了分配认证和授权缓存规则到AAA服务器组：
    Router(config-profile-map)# aaa group server tacacs+ admin-tac
    Router(config-sg-tacacs+)# server 192.168.159.41
    Router(config-sg-tacacs+)# cache authentication profile admin
    Router(config-sg-tacacs+)# cache authorization profile admin


  4. 定义包含缓存方法的认证和授权方法列表。在此配置示例中，高速缓冲存储器，如果AAA服务器不回应，只使用。如果命令被交换缓存Admin TAC组Admin TAC，高速缓冲存储器是查找的第一。

    Note:没有缓存从TACACS的特权密码。


    aaa authentication login mtac group admin-tac cache admin-tac local 
    aaa authorization exec default group admin-tac cache admin-tac local
    aaa accounting exec default start-stop group admin-tac


  5. 输入这些命令为了配置在VTY线路的TACACS+ ：
    Router(config)#line vty 0 4
    Router(config-line)#login authentication mtac

在ACS的配置

  1. 创建ACS的一个用户。连接给用户，并且身份存储>创建用户。此示例使用测试用户Peteradmin。



  2. TACACS+管理员用户需要给他们权限级别的15的shell配置文件，以便他们能输入特权模式。为了配置shell配置文件，请连接到策略元素>授权和权限>设备Administration > Shell配置文件。





  3. 创建一个服务选择规则在访问策略>Access服务下匹配TACACS ：



  4. 连接到设备Admin priv15 >允许的协议>选择身份验证协议，并且配置允许的协议。此示例使用PAP/ASCII。



  5. 连接到访问策略>Access Services>设备Admin priv15 >身份，并且配置内部用户的身份来源。



  6. 配置授权策略在访问策略>Access Services>设备Admin下priv15 >授权。

验证

使用本部分可确认配置能否正常运行。

测试Telnet访问

这些调试用于为了验证TACACS+的认证和授权缓存：

  • debug tacacs events
  • debug aaa cache group

对路由器的Telnet有TACACS用户和TACACS特权密码的：

username: peteradmin
password: peteradmin

R102>en
password: cpeter
R102#

R102#debug tacacs events
R102#debug aaa cache group
R102#
11:35:47.151: TPLUS: Queuing AAA Authentication request 16 for processing
11:35:47.159: TPLUS: processing authentication start request id 16
11:35:47.163: TPLUS: Authentication start packet created for 16()
11:35:47.167: TPLUS: Using server 192.168.159.41
11:35:47.187: TPLUS(00000010)/0/NB_WAIT/69540BEC: Started 4 sec timeout
11:35:47.223: TPLUS(00000010)/0/NB_WAIT: wrote entire 37 bytes request
11:35:47.227: TPLUS: Would block while reading pak header
11:35:47.251: TPLUS(00000010)/0/READ: read entire 12 header bytes (expect 16 
bytes)
11:35:47.255: TPLUS(00000010)/0/READ: read entire 28 bytes response
11:35:47.255: TPLUS(00000010)/0/69540BEC: Processing the reply packet
11:35:47.259: TPLUS: Received authen response status GET_USER (7)
11:35:47.263: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: No username in response
11:35:56.703: TPLUS: Queuing AAA Authentication request 16 for processing
11:35:56.711: TPLUS: processing authentication continue request id 1611:35:56.715: 
TPLUS: Authentication continue packet generated for 16
11:35:56.719: TPLUS(00000010)/0/WRITE/69540BEC: Started 4 sec timeout
11:35:56.727: TPLUS(00000010)/0/WRITE: wrote entire 27 bytes request
11:35:56.751: TPLUS(00000010)/0/READ: read entire 12 header bytes (expect 16 
bytes)
11:35:56.751: TPLUS(00000010)/0/READ: read entire 28 bytes response
11:35:56.755: TPLUS(00000010)/0/69540BEC: Processing the reply packet
11:35:56.759: TPLUS: Received authen response status GET_PASSWORD (8)
11:35:56.763: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: Request status = 8, cannot add to cache
11:36:02.943: TPLUS: Queuing AAA Authentication request 16 for processing
11:36:02.955: TPLUS: processing authentication continue request id 16
11:36:02.959: TPLUS: Authentication continue packet generated for 16
11:36:02.963: TPLUS(00000010)/0/WRITE/69540BEC: Started 4 sec timeout
11:36:02.967: TPLUS(00000010)/0/WRITE: wrote entire 27 bytes request
11:36:03.971: TPLUS(00000010)/0/READ: read entire 12 header bytes (expect 6 
bytes)
11:36:03.975: TPLUS(00000010)/0/READ: read entire 18 bytes response
11:36:03.975: TPLUS(00000010)/0/69540BEC: Processing the reply packet
11:36:03.979: TPLUS: Received authen response status PASS (2)
11:36:03.983: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: SG profile admin
11:36:03.987: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: SG block for admin found
11:36:03.987: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: matching profile found for peteradmin in admin
11:36:03.991: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: Dealing with authen_type = 1
11:36:03.995: TPLUS: Error occurs in reading packet header, shutdown the single 
connection
11:36:04.047: TPLUS: Queuing AAA Authorization request 16 for processing
11:36:04.055: TPLUS: processing authorization request id 16
11:36:04.059: TPLUS: Protocol set to None .....Skipping
11:36:04.063: TPLUS: Sending AV service=shell
11:36:04.067: TPLUS: Sending AV cmd*
11:36:04.067: TPLUS: Authorization request created for 16(peteradmin)
11:36:04.071: TPLUS: using previously set server 192.168.159.41 from group 
admin-tac
11:36:04.091: TPLUS(00000010)/0/NB_WAIT/689C0FDC: Started 4 sec timeout
11:36:04.127: TPLUS(00000010)/0/NB_WAIT: wrote entire 66 bytes request
11:36:04.131: TPLUS: Would block while reading pak header
11:36:05.319: TPLUS(00000010)/0/READ: read entire 12 header bytes (expect 6 
bytes)
11:36:05.323: TPLUS(00000010)/0/READ: read entire 18 bytes response
11:36:05.327: TPLUS(00000010)/0/689C0FDC: Processing the reply packet
11:36:05.327: TPLUS: received authorization response for 16: PASS
11:36:05.335: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: SG profile admin
11:36:05.335: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: SG block for admin found
11:36:05.339: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: matching profile found for peteradmin in admin
11:36:05.339: AAA/AUTHOR/CACHE(00000010): Existing entry no set for authorization
11:36:05.347: TPLUS: Error occurs in reading packet header, shutdown the single 
connection
11:36:05.419: TPLUS: Queuing AAA Accounting request 16 for processing
11:36:05.431: TPLUS: processing accounting request id 16
11:36:05.439: TPLUS: Sending AV task_id=6
11:36:05.439: TPLUS: Sending AV timezone=UTC
11:36:05.443: TPLUS: Sending AV service=shell
11:36:05.443: TPLUS: Accounting request created for 16(peteradmin)
11:36:05.447: TPLUS: using previously set server 192.168.159.41 from group 
admin-tac
11:36:05.471: TPLUS(00000010)/0/NB_WAIT/689C0FDC: Started 4 sec timeout
11:36:05.523: TPLUS(00000010)/0/NB_WAIT: wrote entire 85 bytes request
11:36:05.523: TPLUS: Would block while reading pak header
11:36:05.587: TPLUS(00000010)/0/READ: read entire 12 header bytes (expect 5 
bytes)
11:36:05.591: TPLUS(00000010)/0/READ: read entire 17 bytes response
11:36:05.591: TPLUS(00000010)/0/689C0FDC: Processing the reply packet
11:36:05.595: TPLUS: Received accounting response with status PASS
11:36:05.603: TPLUS: Error occurs in reading packet header, shutdown the single 
connection
R102#

检查高速缓冲存储器

输入这些命令为了查看和清除缓存信息：

  • 显示aaa高速缓冲存储器组[cache group name]全部
  • 清除aaa高速缓冲存储器组[cache group name]全部
R102#show aaa cache group admin-tac all
----------------------------------------------------------
Entries in Profile dB admin-tac for exact match
----------------------------------------------------------
Profile: peteradmin
Updated: 00:00:42
Parse User: N
Authen User: Y
Query Count: 2
6731AF7C 0 00000009 username(422) 10 peteradmin, service shell, protocol none
6731AF8C 0 0000000A cmd(73) 0 , service shell, protocol none
----------------------------------------------------------
Entries in Profile dB admin-tac for regexp match
----------------------------------------------------------
No entries found for regexp match

模拟ACS故障

从网络断开ACS服务器为了模拟故障和调用高速缓冲存储器检查。

对路由器的Telnet有TACACS用户和本地特权密码的(不可能缓存从TACACS的特权密码) ：

username: peteradmin
password: peteradmin

R102>en
password:
R102#
11:39:10.723: TPLUS: Queuing AAA Authentication request 17 for processing
11:39:10.735: TPLUS: processing authentication start request id 17
11:39:10.739: TPLUS: Authentication start packet created for 17()
11:39:10.743: TPLUS: Using server 192.168.159.41
11:39:10.759: TPLUS(00000011)/0/NB_WAIT/68A4A820: Started 4 sec timeout
11:39:14.759: TPLUS(00000011)/0/NB_WAIT/68A4A820: timed out
11:39:14.763: TPLUS(00000011)/0/NB_WAIT/68A4A820: timed out, clean up
11:39:14.767: TPLUS(00000011)/0/68A4A820: Processing the reply packet
11:39:14.771: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: Don't cache responses with errors
11:39:14.779: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE(00000011): GET_USER  for username NULL
11:39:23.315: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE(00000011): GET_PASSWORD  for username peteradmin
11:39:25.191: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE(00000011): Found a match
11:39:25.195: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE(00000011): PASS  for username peteradmin
11:39:25.215: TPLUS: Queuing AAA Authorization request 17 for processing
11:39:25.223: TPLUS: processing authorization request id 17
11:39:25.227: TPLUS: Protocol set to None .....Skipping
11:39:25.231: TPLUS: Sending AV service=shell
11:39:25.235: TPLUS: Sending AV cmd*
11:39:25.239: TPLUS: Authorization request created for 17(peteradmin)
11:39:25.239: TPLUS: Using server 192.168.159.41
11:39:25.243: TPLUS(00000011)/0/IDLE/689C3A0C: got immediate connect on new 0
11:39:25.247: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C3A0C: Started 4 sec timeout
11:39:25.251: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE: write to 192.168.159.41 failed with errno
257((ENOTCONN))
11:39:25.255: TPLUS: Protocol set to None .....Skipping
11:39:25.259: TPLUS: Sending AV service=shell
11:39:25.259: TPLUS: Sending AV cmd*
11:39:25.263: TPLUS: Authorization request created for 17(peteradmin)
11:39:25.263: TPLUS(00000011): Start write failed
11:39:29.247: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C3A0C: timed out
11:39:29.251: TPLUS: Protocol set to None .....Skipping
11:39:29.255: TPLUS: Sending AV service=shell
11:39:29.255: TPLUS: Sending AV cmd*
11:39:29.259: TPLUS: Authorization request created for 17(peteradmin)
11:39:29.263: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C3A0C: timed out, clean up
11:39:29.267: TPLUS: Error occured while writing, shutdown the single 
connection
11:39:29.267: TPLUS(00000011)/0/689C3A0C: Processing the reply packet
11:39:29.271: AAA/AUTHEN/CACHE: Don't cache responses with errors
11:39:29.331: TPLUS: Queuing AAA Accounting request 17 for processing
11:39:29.343: TPLUS: processing accounting request id 17
11:39:29.351: TPLUS: Sending AV task_id=7
11:39:29.351: TPLUS: Sending AV timezone=UTC
11:39:29.355: TPLUS: Sending AV service=shell
11:39:29.359: TPLUS: Accounting request created for 17(peteradmin)
11:39:29.359: TPLUS: using previously set server 192.168.159.41 from group 
admin-tac
11:39:29.379: TPLUS(00000011)/0/NB_WAIT/689C0FDC: Started 4 sec timeout
11:39:33.375: TPLUS(00000011)/0/NB_WAIT/689C0FDC: timed out
11:39:33.379: TPLUS: Choosing next server 192.168.159.41
11:39:33.383: TPLUS(00000011)/689C0FDC: releasing old socket 0
11:39:33.387: TPLUS(00000011)/0/NB_WAIT/689C0FDC: got immediate connect on 
new 0
11:39:33.387: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C0FDC: Started 4 sec timeout
11:39:33.391: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE: write to 192.168.159.41 failed with errno 
257((ENOTCONN))
11:39:33.399: TPLUS: Sending AV task_id=7
11:39:33.399: TPLUS: Sending AV timezone=UTC
11:39:33.403: TPLUS: Sending AV service=shell
11:39:33.403: TPLUS: Accounting request created for 17(peteradmin)
11:39:33.407: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C0FDC: Write failed, this request 
will be cleaned up after timeout
11:39:37.387: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C0FDC: timed out
11:39:37.395: TPLUS: Sending AV task_id=7
11:39:37.395: TPLUS: Sending AV timezone=UTC
11:39:37.399: TPLUS: Sending AV service=shell
11:39:37.403: TPLUS: Accounting request created for 17(peteradmin)
11:39:37.407: TPLUS: Choosing next server 192.168.159.41
11:39:37.407: TPLUS(00000011)/689C0FDC: releasing old socket 0
11:39:37.411: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C0FDC: got immediate connect on 
new 0
11:39:37.415: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C0FDC: Started 4 sec timeout
11:39:37.415: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE: write to 192.168.159.41 failed with errno 
257((ENOTCONN))
11:39:37.423: TPLUS: Sending AV task_id=7
11:39:37.427: TPLUS: Sending AV timezone=UTC
11:39:37.427: TPLUS: Sending AV service=shell
11:39:37.431: TPLUS: Accounting request created for 17(peteradmin)
11:39:37.431: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C0FDC: Write failed, this request 
will be cleaned up after timeout
11:39:41.411: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C0FDC: timed out
11:39:41.419: TPLUS: Sending AV task_id=7
11:39:41.423: TPLUS: Sending AV timezone=UTC
11:39:41.423: TPLUS: Sending AV service=shell
11:39:41.427: TPLUS: Accounting request created for 17(peteradmin)
11:39:41.431: TPLUS(00000011)/0/WRITE/689C0FDC: timed out, clean up
11:39:41.431: TPLUS: Error occured while writing, shutdown the single 
connection
11:39:41.435: TPLUS(00000011)/0/689C0FDC: Processing the reply packet

Cached username and password works.

R102#clear aaa cache group admin-tac all
R102#show aaa cache group admin-tac all
----------------------------------------------------------
Entries in Profile dB admin-tac for exact match
----------------------------------------------------------
No entries found in Profile dB

故障排除

命令输出解释程序工具（仅限注册用户）支持某些 show 命令。使用输出解释器工具来查看 show 命令输出的分析。

目前没有针对此配置的故障排除信息。

TAC Authored

由思科工程师提供

  • Minakshi Kumar
    Cisco TAC Engineer.

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