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案例简介

故障诊断步骤

经验总结

相关命令

相关错误信息

其他相关文档

硬件平台

路由器

软件版本

所有

案例简介

在大型运营商网络中，BGP的路由频繁Flapping经常会造成严重的CPU 利用率增高现象。 我们有一些方法可以控制BGP 路由Flapping 对网络造成的影响，比如BGP Damping，但是有些情况BGP Damping 也不能起到很好的保护作用（BGP damping 仅对从EBGP学到的路由有效） 。这时我们就需要了解flapping 产生的原因，以及如何从源头消除这种影响，以下是一个真实案例， 为保护客户资料， 路由器输出信息是在实验环境中抓取。

故障诊断步骤

这是一个传统的运营商网络架构结构， 客户发现核心路由器Router A的CPU利用率一直在90%以上，并且还有多台类似位置的路由器CPU利用率同样也高达90%，通过show proc cpu | ex 0.00可以看到是由于bgp router进程引起 。一般BGP Router 进程控制路由更新，由于首先报出问题的设备是Router_A， 具有直接现象，所以我们从这台路由器入手排查原因。

1. 确定flapping路由的来源

a) 由于RIB表里面的条目刷新的同时会刷新该条目的计时器，如果BGP路由flapping，这些路由在RIB里面也会被频繁的刷新，因此可以通过RIB表找出flapping的路由。命令是"show ip route | in _00:00"

B   101.101.96.0/23 [200/0] via 193.168.100.1, 00:00:00

B   101.101.96.0/22 [200/0] via 193.168.100.1, 00:00:00

B   101.101.98.0/23 [200/0] via 193.168.100.1, 00:00:00

B   101.101.96.0/23 [200/0] via 196.168.100.1, 00:00:00

B   101.101.96.0/22 [200/0] via 196.168.100.1, 00:00:00

B   101.101.98.0/23 [200/0] via 196.168.100.1, 00:00:00

反复show 这条命令，发现某些路由反复出现在路由表中，且更新时间为00:00:00,一般来说这些路由为产生Flapping的路由，由此我们可以看到通告这些flapping路由的的BGP Peer 是193.168.100.1 (Router B )，此路由器与Router A为IBGP关系。

b) 登录193.168.100.1（Router_B），发现这些路由频繁flapping的原因是其BGP在进行选路时最优路径在不停切换。（在195.168.100.1 和192.168.100.1之间），从而导致不停此路由在不停被更新。

RP/0/0/CPU0:Router_B#show bgp 101.101.96.0/22

BGP routing table entry for 101.101.96.0/22

Versions:

Process       bRIB/RIB SendTblVer

Speaker       188363313 188363313

Last Modified: Mar 8 09:04:45.207 for 00:00:00

Paths: (6 available, best #6) <----------此时有 6 个可用 path，且 195.168.100.1 为最优路径）

Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.16

Path #1: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

192.168.100.1 from 192.168.100.1 (200.200.1.1)

Origin IGP, metric 155, localpref 200, valid, external

Community: 1025:32023 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Path #2: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

198.168.100.1 from 198.168.100.1 (203.192.169.249)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external, multipath

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

Path #3: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 276) from 193.168.100.2 (196.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.2, 195.168.100.1

Path #4: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 276) from 193.168.100.3 (196.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.3, 195.168.100.1

Path #5: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 276) from 193.168.100.4 (196.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.4, 195.168.100.1

Path #6: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

194.168.100.1 from 194.168.100.1 (203.192.154.9)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external, best, multipath

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

连续 show 此命令，一秒钟之后的结果：

RP/0/0/CPU0:Router_B#show bgp 101.101.96.0/22

BGP routing table entry for 101.101.96.0/22

Versions:

Process        bRIB/RIB SendTblVer

Speaker       188364164 188364164

Last Modified: Mar 8 09:04:50.207 for 136y10w

Paths: (3 available, best #1)（只有 3 条可用 path，且 192.168.100.1 为最优路径）

Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.16

Path #1: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

192.168.100.1 from 192.168.100.1 (200.200.1.1)

Origin IGP, metric 155, localpref 200, valid, external, best

Community: 1025:32023 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Path #2: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

198.168.100.1 from 198.168.100.1 (203.192.169.249)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

Path #3: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

194.168.100.1 from 194.168.100.1 (203.192.154.9)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

RP/0/0/CPU0:Router_B#show bgp 101.101.96.0/22

BGP routing table entry for 101.101.96.0/22

Versions:

Process       bRIB/RIB SendTblVer

Speaker       188380494 188380494

Last Modified: Mar 8 09:06:35.208 for 136y10w

Paths: (6 available, best #6)

Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.16

Path #1: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

192.168.100.1 from 192.168.100.1 (200.200.1.1)

Origin IGP, metric 155, localpref 200, valid, external

Community: 1025:32023 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Path #2: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

198.168.100.1 from 198.168.100.1 (203.192.169.249)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external, multipath

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

Path #3: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 276) from 193.168.100.2 (196.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.2, 195.168.100.1

Path #4: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 276) from 193.168.100.3 (196.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.3, 195.168.100.1

Path #5: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 276) from 193.168.100.4 (196.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.4, 195.168.100.1

Path #6: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

194.168.100.1 from 194.168.100.1 (203.192.154.9)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external, best, multipath

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

2. 路由flapping的原因

a) 首先在Router B查看具有3条可用路径的情况，此时Router B会优选第1条路径作为最优路径（192.168.100.1），因为192.168.100.1具有最低的router ID（注意此时不会比较MED，因为它们来自不同的AS ），这时Router_B 会将最优路径192.168.100.1放入路由表中，并且将此结果 通告给他的IBGP 邻居，包括193.168.100.2/3/4

RP/0/0/CPU0:Router_B#show bgp 101.101.96.0/22

BGP routing table entry for 101.101.96.0/22

Versions:

Process   bRIB/RIB SendTblVer

Speaker  188379010  188379010

Last Modified: Mar 8 09:06:23.208 for 00:00:00

Paths: (3 available, best #1)

Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.16

Path #1: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

192.168.100.1 from 192.168.100.1 (200.200.1.1)

Origin IGP, metric 155, localpref 200, valid, external, best

Community: 1025:32023 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Path #2: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

198.168.100.1 from 198.168.100.1 (203.192.169.249)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

Path #3: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

194.168.100.1 from 194.168.100.1 (203.192.154.9)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

b) Router_C（193.168.100.2）会学到Router_B通告过来的此路由的更新，但是他不会将此路由作为最优路径并放入路由表，因为它的MED值比Router C从其他的邻居学到的另外一个路径（195.168.100.1）的MED值要高（相同的AS），因而他会选择这条路径作为最优路径（195.168.100.1）并且将此路由通告回给Router_B ，在193.168.100.3 and 193.168.100.4 上的情况也同样是如此。

Router_C#sh ip bgp 101.101.96.0 255.255.252.0

BGP routing table entry for 101.101.96.0/22, version 592019857

Bestpath Modifiers: deterministic-med

Paths: (6 available, best #1)

Flag: 0x820

Advertised to update-groups:

2  3  7  8

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 274) from 195.168.100.1 (195.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal, best

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 195.168.100.1

1001 9304 45932 55945, (Received from a RR-client)

193.168.100.1 (metric 257) from 193.168.100.1 (193.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 155, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32023 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

7473 17888 45932 55945

202.84.142.11 (metric 290) from 202.84.142.11 (202.84.142.11)

Origin IGP, metric 100, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32001 1025:32047 1025:32404 1025:32501 1025:60952 1025:65003

1002 17888 45932 55945

202.84.152.38 (metric 278) from 202.84.152.33 (202.84.152.33)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32004 1025:32301 1025:32501 1025:60952

Originator: 202.84.152.38, Cluster list: 202.84.152.33

1002 17888 45932 55945

202.84.225.8 (metric 295) from 202.84.225.6 (202.84.225.6)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32024 1025:32309 1025:32501 1025:60952

Originator: 202.84.225.8, Cluster list: 202.84.225.6

1002 17888 45932 55945

202.84.225.8 (metric 295) from 202.84.225.7 (202.84.225.7)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32024 1025:32309 1025:32501 1025:60952

Originator: 202.84.225.8, Cluster list: 202.84.225.7

c) 所以Router_B马上又会重新学到3条新的路径,分别从他的3个IBGP 邻居193.168.100.2/3/4. 因为又增加了3条新路径，此时 Router_B需要重新对此路由进行路由选路 ，这时原路径1 192.168.100.1将不会再成为最优路径，因为新增加的路径3（196.168.100.1）与路径1 其他条件一样，但是具有更低的MED值（0）.路径3在与路径1竞争胜利后，路径3 (196.168.100.1) 也不会马上成为最优路径 ，因为它是一条从IBGP学到的路由（Internal）.而此时的路径6 (195.168.100.1) 又会在与路径3的竞争中获胜，因为相比于路径3 他是External 路由（从EBGP）学得，会更优先。所以Router_B 会选择路径6 (195.168.100.1) 作为最优路径，并且将这条最新的路由宣告给他的3个IBGP P邻居， 193.168.100.2/3/4.

RP/0/0/CPU0:Router_B#show bgp 101.101.96.0/22

BGP routing table entry for 101.101.96.0/22

Versions:

Process   bRIB/RIB SendTblVer

Speaker  188380494  188380494

Last Modified: Mar 8 09:06:35.208 for 136y10w

Paths: (6 available, best #6)

Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.16

Path #1: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

192.168.100.1 from 192.168.100.1 (200.200.1.1)

Origin IGP, metric 155, localpref 200, valid, external

Community: 1025:32023 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Path #2: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

198.168.100.1 from 198.168.100.1 (203.192.169.249)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external, multipath

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

Path #3: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 276) from 193.168.100.2 (196.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.2, 195.168.100.1

Path #4: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 276) from 193.168.100.3 (196.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.3, 195.168.100.1

Path #5: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 276) from 193.168.100.4 (196.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.4, 195.168.100.1

Path #6: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

194.168.100.1 from 194.168.100.1 (203.192.154.9)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external, best, multipath

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

d) 在Router_C 上（193.168.100.2 ）, 他会重新选择第6条路径（刚从Router_B学得） 最为最优路径，因为这条路径具有更低的IGP metric. 然后Router_C会撤销之前发给Router_B的"旧"的最优路由，并且不会再将此新最优路由发送回给Router_B,（因为此时Router_B就是最优路径，水平分割原则）同样的情况也发生在 193.168.100.3 and 193.168.100.4上面

Router_C#sh ip bgp 101.101.96.0 255.255.252.0

BGP routing table entry for 101.101.96.0/22, version 592024168

Bestpath Modifiers: deterministic-med

Paths: (8 available, best #6)

Flag: 0x820

Advertised to update-groups:

2  3  4  5  7  8

1001 9304 45932 55945

196.168.100.1 (metric 274) from 195.168.100.1 (195.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32007 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Originator: 196.168.100.1, Cluster list: 195.168.100.1

7473 17888 45932 55945

202.84.142.11 (metric 290) from 202.84.142.11 (202.84.142.11)

Origin IGP, metric 100, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32001 1025:32047 1025:32404 1025:32501 1025:60952 1025:65003

1002 17888 45932 55945

202.84.152.38 (metric 278) from 202.84.152.33 (202.84.152.33)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32004 1025:32301 1025:32501 1025:60952

Originator: 202.84.152.38, Cluster list: 202.84.152.33

1002 17888 45932 55945

202.84.225.8 (metric 295) from 202.84.225.6 (202.84.225.6)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32024 1025:32309 1025:32501 1025:60952

Originator: 202.84.225.8, Cluster list: 202.84.225.6

1002 17888 45932 55945

202.84.225.8 (metric 295) from 202.84.225.7 (202.84.225.7)

Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32024 1025:32309 1025:32501 1025:60952

Originator: 202.84.225.8, Cluster list: 202.84.225.7

1002 17888 45932 55945, (Received from a RR-client)

193.168.100.1 (metric 257) from 193.168.100.1 (193.168.100.1)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, internal, best

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

1002 17888 45932 55945

193.168.100.1 (metric 257) from 193.168.100.3 (193.168.100.3)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

Originator: 193.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.3

1002 17888 45932 55945

193.168.100.1 (metric 257) from 193.168.100.4 (193.168.100.4)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, internal

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

Originator: 193.168.100.1, Cluster list: 193.168.100.4

e) 所以在Router_B上，他马上又收到193.168.100.2/3/4的撤销路由，这时他删掉从这3个邻居学到路径，又像开始一样只具有3条BGP路径，然后重新优选路径1为最优路径并进行通告，在此处产生BGP路由选路循环。从而导致他的最优路径不停在192.168.100.1和195.168.100.1之间切换，产生路由震荡。

RP/0/0/CPU0:Router_B#show bgp 101.101.96.0/22

Tue Mar 8 09:06:23.002 UTC

BGP routing table entry for 101.101.96.0/22

Versions:

Process   bRIB/RIB SendTblVer

Speaker  188379010  188379010

Last Modified: Mar 8 09:06:23.208 for 00:00:00

Paths: (3 available, best #1)

Advertised to update-groups (with more than one peer):

0.1 0.2 0.4 0.16

Path #1: Received by speaker 0

1001 9304 45932 55945

192.168.100.1 from 192.168.100.1 (200.200.1.1)

Origin IGP, metric 155, localpref 200, valid, external, best

Community: 1025:32023 1025:32412 1025:32502 1025:60952

Path #2: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

198.168.100.1 from 198.168.100.1 (203.192.169.249)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

Path #3: Received by speaker 0

1002 17888 45932 55945

194.168.100.1 from 194.168.100.1 (203.192.154.9)

Origin IGP, localpref 200, valid, external

Community: 1025:32021 1025:32304 1025:32501 1025:60952

3. 解决方法：

解决方法有很多，比如调整weight，local preference，只要可以控制Router_B不会因为有其他路径加入而影响最终选路结果的方法都可以解决此类问题。

经验总结

BGP路由flapping 常见的原因是链路flapping或者EBGP产生flapping的路由，此类由于路由选路规则而导致的路由flapping并不常见，但无论是由于哪种原因引起，要解决问题首先需要找出flapping源头。再根据基础知识，比如在此处需要我们对BGP的选路规则有着深入的了解。然后逐条路由分析，就会得出清晰的结果。

相关命令

show ip route | in 00:00:00

show ip bgp x.x.x.x

show bgp x.x.x.x (IOS XR )

相关错误信息

无

其他相关文档

BGP Best Path Selection Algorithm

BGP 排错手册