Validar ACLs de segurança em switches Catalyst 9000

Introduction

Este documento descreve como verificar e solucionar problemas de ACLs (listas de controle de acesso) em switches da série Catalyst 9000.

Prerequisites

Não existem requisitos específicos para este documento.

Componentes Utilizados

As informações neste documento são baseadas nas seguintes versões de hardware:

• C9200
• C9300
• C9400
• C9500
• C9600

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. Se a rede estiver ativa, certifique-se de que você entenda o impacto potencial de qualquer comando.

Observação: consulte o guia de configuração apropriado para os comandos usados para habilitar esses recursos em outras plataformas Cisco.

Informações de Apoio

As ACLs filtram o tráfego à medida que ele passa por um roteador ou switch e permitem ou negam pacotes que cruzam as interfaces especificadas. Uma ACL é uma coleção sequencial de condições de permissão e negação que se aplicam aos pacotes. Quando um pacote é recebido em uma interface, o switch compara os campos no pacote com quaisquer ACLs aplicadas para verificar se o pacote tem as permissões necessárias para ser encaminhado, com base nos critérios especificados nas listas de acesso. Um por um, testa os pacotes em função das condições em uma lista de acesso. A primeira correspondência decide se o switch aceita ou rejeita os pacotes. Como o switch para de testar após a primeira correspondência, a ordem das condições na lista é crítica. Se nenhuma condição corresponder, o switch rejeitará o pacote. Se não houver restrições, o switch encaminha o pacote; caso contrário, o switch descarta o pacote. O switch pode usar ACLs em todos os pacotes encaminhados.

Você pode configurar listas de acesso para fornecer segurança básica para sua rede. Se você não configurar ACLs, todos os pacotes que passam pelo switch poderão ser permitidos em todas as partes da rede. Você pode usar ACLs para controlar quais hosts podem acessar diferentes partes de uma rede ou para decidir quais tipos de tráfego são encaminhados ou bloqueados nas interfaces do roteador. Por exemplo, você pode permitir que o tráfego de e-mail seja encaminhado, mas não o tráfego Telnet.

Terminology

Exemplos de utilização de recursos da ACL

Três exemplos são fornecidos aqui para demonstrar como as ACLs consomem TCAM, L4OPs e VCUs

Exemplo 1: TCAM IPv4

access-list 101 permit ip any 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip any 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip any 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip any 10.1.4.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 101 permit ip any 10.1.5.0 0.0.0.255

Exemplo 2: TCAM/L4OP/VCU IPv4

ip access-list extended TEST
10 permit tcp 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 any neq 3456          <-- 1 L4OP, 1 VCU
20 permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any range 3000 3100  <-- 1 L4OP, 2 VCU
30 permit tcp 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 any range 4000 8000  <-- 1 L4OP, 2 VCU
40 permit tcp 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 gt 10000 any eq 20000 <-- 2 L4OP, 2 VCU

Exemplo 3: TCAM/L4OP/VCU IPv6

As ACEs IPv6 usam duas entradas de TCAM versus uma para IPv4. Neste exemplo, 4 ACEs consomem 8 TCAM em vez de 4. 

ipv6 access-list v6TEST
sequence 10 deny ipv6 any 2001:DB8:C18::/48 fragments
sequence 20 deny ipv6 2001:DB8::/32 any
sequence 30 permit tcp host 2001:DB8:C19:2:1::F host 2001:DB8:C18:2:1::1 eq bgp  <-- One L4OP & VCU
sequence 40 permit tcp host 2001:DB8:C19:2:1::F eq bgp host 2001:DB8:C18:2:1::1  <-- One L4OP & VCU

Topologia

A SVI 9300 Vlan 10 usa um dos dois endereços IP mostrados nessa imagem, com base no fato de um resultado de encaminhamento ou queda ser mostrado nos exemplos. 

Configurar e verificar

Esta seção aborda como verificar e solucionar problemas de programação de ACL em software e hardware 

Cenário 1: PACL (IP ACL)

As ACLs de porta são atribuídas a uma interface de Camada 2. 

• Limite de segurança: Portas ou Vlans
• Anexo: Interface da camada 2 
• Direção: Entrada ou saída (uma de cada vez)
• Tipos de ACL suportados: ACLs MAC e IP (padrão ou estendida)

Configurar o PACL com a ACL IP

9500H(config)#ip access-list extended TEST          <-- Create a named extended ACL
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H#show access-lists TEST                        <-- Display the ACL configured 
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any
    20 permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H(config)#interface twentyFiveGigE 1/0/1        <-- Apply ACL to Layer 2 interface  
9500H(config-if)#ip access-group TEST in

9500H#show running-config interface twentyFiveGigE 1/0/1
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 63 bytes
!
interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1
 ip access-group TEST in                             <-- Display the ACL applied to the interface 
end

Verificar o PACL

Recuperar o IF_ID associado à interface

9500H#show platform software fed active ifm interfaces ethernet
Interface                         IF_ID               State 
----------------------------------------------------------------
TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1               0x00000008          READY     <-- IF_ID value for Tw1/0/1

Verifique a ID do grupo de classe (ID do CG) vinculada ao IF_ID

9500H#show platform software fed active acl interface 0x8       <-- IF_ID with leading zeros omitted 
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######   Printing Interface Infos     #################
########                              ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1                                  <-- Confirms the interface matches the IF_ID
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f8cfc02de98
    Interface handle: 0x7e000028
    Interface Type: Port                                        <-- Type: Port indicates Layer 2 interface 
    if-id: 0x0000000000000008                                   <-- IF_ID 0x8 is correct
    Input IPv4: Policy Handle: 0x5b000093
        Policy Name: TEST                                       <-- The named ACL bound to this interface 
             CG ID: 9                                           <-- Class Group ID for this entry 
       CGM Feature: [0] acl                                     <-- Feature is ACL
        Bind Order: 0

 Informações da ACL associadas à ID do CG

9500H#show platform software fed active acl info acl-cgid 9  <-- The CG ID associated to the ACL TEST
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########      Printing CG Entries      #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
===================================
ACL CG (acl/9): TEST type: IPv4     <-- feature ACL/CG ID 9: ACl name TEST : ACL type IPv4 
Total Ref count 1
---------------------------------
1 Interface                         <-- ACL is applied to one interface 
---------------------------------
  region reg_id: 10
    subregion subr_id: 0
      GCE#:1 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N             <-- #flds: 2 = two fields in entry | l4:N (no Layer 4 port match) 
        Result: 0x01010000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff  <-- src 0x0a010101 hex = 10.1.1.1 | mask 0xffffffff = exact host match
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000  <-- dst & mask = 0x00000000 = match any
       GCE#:1 #flds: 4 l4:Y matchall:N deny:N            <-- #flds: 4 = four fields in entry | l4:Y (ACE uses UDP port L4 match)
        Result: 0x01010000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff  <-- Exact match (host) 10.1.1.1 
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x0a010102, mask = 0xffffffff  <-- Exact match (host) 10.1.1.2
        ip_prot: start = 17, end = 17                    <-- protocol 17 is UDP 
        l4_src: start = 1000, end = 1000                 <-- matches eq 1000 (equal UDP port 1000)

Informações de política sobre o ID do CG, bem como quais interfaces usam o ID do CG

9500H#show platform software fed active acl policy 9      <-- Use the CG ID value 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########     Printing Policy Infos     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1                            <-- Interface with ACL applied 
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f8cfc02de98
    Interface handle: 0x7e000028
    Interface Type: Port 
    if-id: 0x0000000000000008                             <-- The Interface IF_ID 0x8 
------------
Direction: Input                                          <-- ACl is applied in the ingress direction 
Protocol Type:IPv4                                        <-- Type is IPv4 
    Policy Intface Handle: 0x880000c1
    Policy Handle: 0x5b000093

########################################################
#########                             ##################
########      Policy information       #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy handle      : 0x5b000093
Policy name        : TEST                                 <-- ACL Name TEST
ID                 : 9                                    <-- CG ID for this ACL entry 
Protocol           : [3] IPV4
Feature            : [1] AAL_FEATURE_PACL                 <-- ASIC feature is PACL 
Number of ACLs     : 1

########################################################
## Complete policy ACL information
########################################################
Acl number    : 1
=====================================
Acl handle      : 0x320000d2
Acl flags       : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs  : 3                                       <-- 3 ACEs: two explicit and the implicit deny entry 
  Ace handle [1] : 0xb700010a
  Ace handle [2] : 0x5800010b 

Interface(s):
        TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1                               <-- The interface ACL is applied 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########  Policy instance information  #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy intf handle    : 0x880000c1
Policy handle         : 0x5b000093
ID                    : 9
Protocol              : [3] IPV4
Feature               : [1] AAL_FEATURE_PACL
Direction             : [1] Ingress
Number of ACLs        : 1
Number of VMRs        : 3------------

Confirmar se a PACL está funcionando

Observação: quando você insere o comando EXEC privilegiado show ip access-lists, a contagem de correspondência exibida não leva em conta os pacotes que são controlados de acesso no hardware. Use o comando EXEC privilegiado show platform software fed switch {switch_num |ative |standby} para obter algumas estatísticas básicas de ACL de hardware para pacotes comutados e roteados.

### Ping originated from neighbor device with source 10.1.1.1 ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source g 1/0/1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.1                        <--- Ping source is permitted and ping is successful 
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms <-- 100% ping success 


### Ping originated from neighbor device with source 10.1.1.3 ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source g 1/0/1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.3                        <-- Ping source is denied (implicit) and ping fails 
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)                                      <-- 0% ping success 


### Confirm PACL drop ###
9500H#show access-lists TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any                                   <-- Counters in this command do not show matches
    20 permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H#show platform software fed active acl counters hardware | i PACL Drop
Ingress IPv4 PACL Drop            (0x77000005):         11 frames    <-- Hardware level command displays drops against PACL 
Ingress IPv6 PACL Drop            (0x12000012):          0 frames
<...snip...>

Cenário 2: PACL (MAC ACL)

As ACLs de porta são atribuídas a uma interface de Camada 2. 

• Limite de segurança: Portas ou Vlans
• Anexo: Interface da camada 2 
• Direção: Entrada ou saída (uma de cada vez)
• Tipos de ACL suportados: ACLs MAC e IP (padrão ou estendida)

Configurar o PACL com a ACL MAC

9500H#show run | sec mac access-list
mac access-list extended MAC-TEST           <-- MAC ACL named MAC-TEST           
 permit host 0001.aaaa.aaaa any             <-- permit host MAC to any dest MAC 

9500H#show access-lists MAC-TEST
Extended MAC access list MAC-TEST
    permit host 0001.aaaa.aaaa any

9500H#show running-config interface twentyFiveGigE 1/0/1
Building configuration...

interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1
switchport access vlan 10
switchport mode access
mac access-group MAC-TEST in                <-- Applied MACL to layer 2 interface 

Verificar o PACL

Recuperar o IF_ID associado à interface

9500H#show platform software fed active ifm interfaces ethernet
Interface                         IF_ID               State 
----------------------------------------------------------------
TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1               0x00000008          READY     <-- IF_ID value for Tw1/0/1

Verifique a ID do grupo de classe (ID do CG) vinculada ao IF_ID

9500H#show platform software fed active acl interface 0x8       <-- IF_ID with leading zeros omitted 
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######   Printing Interface Infos     #################
########                              ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1                                 <-- Confirms the interface matches the IF_ID 
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f489404e408
    Interface handle: 0x7e000028
    Interface Type: Port                                       <-- Type: Port indicates Layer 2 interface 
    if-id: 0x0000000000000008                                  <-- IF_ID 0x8 is correct 
    Input MAC: Policy Handle: 0xde000098 
        Policy Name: MAC-TEST                                  <-- The named ACL bound to this interface 
             CG ID: 20                                         <-- Class Group ID for this entry 
       CGM Feature: [0] acl                                    <-- Feature is ACL 
        Bind Order: 0

 Informações da ACL associadas à ID do CG

9500H#show platform software fed active acl info acl-cgid 20  <-- The CG ID associated to the ACl MAC-TEST
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########      Printing CG Entries      #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
===================================
ACL CG (acl/20): MAC-TEST type: MAC                           <-- feature ACL/CG ID 20: ACL name MAC-TEST : type MAC ACL 
Total Ref count 1
---------------------------------
1 Interface                                                   <-- Applied to one interface 
---------------------------------
  region reg_id: 3
    subregion subr_id: 0
       GCE#:1 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
         Result: 0x01010000
         mac_dest: value = 0x00, mask = 0x00                  <-- Mac dest: hex 0x00 mask 0x00 is "any destination 
         mac_src: value = 0x1aaaaaaaa, mask = 0xffffffffffff  
<-- Mac source: 0x1aaaaaaaa | hex with leading zeros omitted (0001.aaaa.aaaa) & mask 0xffffffffffff is host exact match 

Informações de política sobre o ID do CG, bem como quais interfaces usam o ID do CG

9500H#show platform software fed active acl policy 20      <-- Use the CG ID value 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########     Printing Policy Infos     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1                            <-- Interface with ACL applied 
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f8cfc02de98
    Interface handle: 0x7e000028
    Interface Type: Port 
    if-id: 0x0000000000000008                             <-- The Interface IF_ID 0x8 
------------
Direction:  Input                                         <-- ACl is applied in the ingress direction 
Protocol Type:MAC                                         <-- Type is MAC
    Policy Intface Handle: 0x30000c6
    Policy Handle: 0xde000098

########################################################
#########                             ##################
########         Policy information    #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy handle         : 0xde000098
Policy name           : MAC-TEST                          <-- ACL name is MAC-TEST
ID                    : 20                                <-- CG ID for this ACL entry
Protocol              : [1] MAC
Feature               : [1] AAL_FEATURE_PACL              <-- ASIC Feature is PACL 
Number of ACLs        : 1

########################################################
## Complete policy ACL information
########################################################
Acl number : 1
=====================================
Acl handle : 0xd60000dc
Acl flags : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs : 2                                        <-- 2 ACEs: one permit, and one implicit deny 
  Ace handle [1] : 0x38000120
  Ace handle [2] : 0x31000121

Interface(s):
        TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1                               <-- Interface the ACL is applied 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########  Policy instance information  #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy intf handle    : 0x030000c6
Policy handle         : 0xde000098
ID                    : 20
Protocol              : [1] MAC
Feature               : [1] AAL_FEATURE_PACL
Direction             : [1] Ingress
Number of ACLs        : 1
Number of VMRs        : 3------------

Confirmar se a PACL está funcionando

• O MACL permite somente o endereço de origem 0001.aaaa.aaaa
• Como essa é uma ACL MAC, o pacote ARP não-IP é descartado e, portanto, faz com que o ping falhe

### Ping originated from neighbor device with Source MAC 0000.0000.0002 ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source vlan 10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.1
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

C9300#show ip arp
Protocol  Address          Age (min)  Hardware Addr    Type    Interface
Internet  10.1.1.2                0   Incomplete       ARPA                <-- ARP is unable to complete on Source device

### Monitor capture configured on Tw 1/0/1 ingress ###
9500H#monitor capture 1 interface TwentyFiveGigE 1/0/1 in match any

9500H#show monitor cap
Status Information for Capture 1
  Target Type:
 Interface: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1, Direction: IN  


9500H#sh monitor capture 1 buffer brief | inc ARP
    5   4.767385 00:00:00:00:00:02 b^F^R ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 10.1.1.2? Tell 10.1.1.1
    8   8.767085 00:00:00:00:00:02 b^F^R ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 10.1.1.2? Tell 10.1.1.1
   11  10.767452 00:00:00:00:00:02 b^F^R ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 10.1.1.2? Tell 10.1.1.1
   13  12.768125 00:00:00:00:00:02 b^F^R ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 60 Who has 10.1.1.2? Tell 10.1.1.1
<-- 9300 (10.1.1.1) sends ARP request, but since there is no reply 4 more ARP requests are sent 


9500H#show platform software fed active acl counters hardware | inc MAC PACL Drop
Ingress MAC PACL Drop                       (0x73000021): 937 frames         <-- Confirmed that ARP requests are dropped from Ingress MAC filter
Egress MAC PACL Drop                        (0x0200004c): 0 frames
<...snip...>

Cenário 3: RACL

A ACL do roteador é atribuída a uma interface de Camada 3, como uma SVI ou uma interface roteada 

• Limite de segurança: Sub-redes diferentes
• Anexo: Interface da camada 3 
• Direção: Entrada ou saída
• Tipos de ACL suportados: ACLs IP (padrão ou estendidas)

Configurar RACL

9500H(config)#ip access-list extended TEST          <-- Create a named extended ACL
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H#show access-lists TEST                        <-- Display the ACL configured 
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any
    20 permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H(config)#interface Vlan 10                     <-- Apply ACL to Layer 3 SVI interface  
9500H(config-if)#ip access-group TEST in

9500H#show running-config interface Vlan 10
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 84 bytes
!
interface Vlan10
 ip access-group TEST in                            <-- Display the ACL applied to the interface 
end

Verificar RACL

Recuperar o IF_ID associado à interface

9500H#show platform software fed active ifm mappings l3if-le  <-- Retrieve the IF_ID for a Layer 3 SVI type port 
Mappings Table

L3IF_LE                   Interface                            IF_ID             Type
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0x00007f8d04983958        Vlan10                               0x00000026        SVI_L3_LE        <-- IF_ID value for SVI 10

Verifique a ID do grupo de classe (ID do CG) vinculada ao IF_ID

9500H#show platform software fed active acl interface 0x26  <-- IF_ID for SVI Vlan 10 with leading zeros omitted 
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######     Printing Interface Infos   #################
########                              ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: Vlan10                                           <-- Confirms the interface matches the IF_ID
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f8cfc02de98
    Interface handle: 0x6e000047
    Interface Type: L3                                      <-- Type: L3 indicates Layer 3 type interface 
    if-id: 0x0000000000000026                               <-- IF_ID 0x26 is correct       
    Input IPv4: Policy Handle: 0x2e000095
        Policy Name: TEST                                   <-- The named ACL bound to this interface                                   
             CG ID: 9                                       <-- Class Group ID for this entry 
       CGM Feature: [0] acl                                 <-- Feature is ACL 
        Bind Order: 0

 Informações da ACL associadas à ID do CG

9500H#show platform software fed active acl info acl-cgid 9  <-- The CG ID associated to the ACL TEST
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########      Printing CG Entries      #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
===================================
ACL CG (acl/9): TEST type: IPv4        <-- feature ACL/CG ID 9: ACl name TEST : ACl type IPv4 
Total Ref count 2
---------------------------------
2 Interface                            <-- Interface count is 2. Applied to SVI 10 and as PACL to Tw1/0/1
---------------------------------
region reg_id: 10
  subregion subr_id: 0
    GCE#:1 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N            <-- #flds: 2 = two fields in entry | l4:N (no Layer 4 port match) 
      Result: 0x01010000
      ipv4_src: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff <-- src 0x0a010101 hex = 10.1.1.1 | mask 0xffffffff = exact host match
      ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000 <-- dst & mask = 0x00000000 = match any
    GCE#:1 #flds: 4 l4:Y matchall:N deny:N            <-- #flds: 4 = four fields in entry | l4:Y (ACE uses UDP port L4 match)
      Result: 0x01010000
      ipv4_src: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff <-- Exact match (host) 10.1.1.1 
      ipv4_dst: value = 0x0a010102, mask = 0xffffffff <-- Exact match (host) 10.1.1.2
      ip_prot: start = 17, end = 17                   <-- protocol 17 is UDP 
      l4_src: start = 1000, end = 1000                <-- matches eq 1000 (equal UDP port 1000)

Informações de política sobre o ID do CG, bem como quais interfaces usam o ID do CG

9500H#show platform software fed active acl policy 9      <-- Use the CG ID Value 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########     Printing Policy Infos     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: Vlan10                                         <-- Interface with ACL applied 
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f8cfc02de98
    Interface handle: 0x6e000047
    Interface Type: L3
    if-id: 0x0000000000000026                             <-- Interface IF_ID 0x26
------------
Direction:  Input                                         <-- ACL applied in the ingress direction 
Protocol Type:IPv4                                        <-- Type is IPv4 
    Policy Intface Handle: 0x1c0000c2
    Policy Handle: 0x2e000095


########################################################
#########                             ##################
########        Policy information     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy handle        : 0x2e000095
Policy name          : TEST                               <-- ACL name TEST
ID                   : 9                                  <-- CG ID for this ACL entry 
Protocol             : [3] IPV4
Feature              : [27] AAL_FEATURE_RACL              <-- ASIC feature is RACL 
Number of ACLs       : 1

########################################################
## Complete policy ACL information
########################################################
Acl number       : 1
=====================================
Acl handle         : 0x7c0000d4
Acl flags          : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs     : 5                                    <-- 5 Aces: 2 explicit, 1 implicit deny, 2 ??? CHECK this 
  Ace handle [1] : 0x0600010f
  Ace handle [2] : 0x8e000110
  Ace handle [3] : 0x3b000111
  Ace handle [4] : 0xeb000112
  Ace handle [5] : 0x79000113

Interface(s):
        Vlan10                                            <-- The interface the ACL is applied 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########  Policy instance information  #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy intf handle     : 0x1c0000c2
Policy handle          : 0x2e000095
ID                     : 9
Protocol               : [3] IPV4
Feature                : [27] AAL_FEATURE_RACL
Direction              : [1] Ingress
Number of ACLs         : 1
Number of VMRs         : 4------------

Confirmar se a RACL está funcionando

Observação: quando você insere o comando EXEC privilegiado show ip access-lists, a contagem de correspondência exibida não leva em conta os pacotes que são controlados de acesso no hardware. Use o comando EXEC privilegiado show platform software fed switch {switch_num |ative |standby} para obter algumas estatísticas básicas de ACL de hardware para pacotes comutados e roteados.

### Ping originated from neighbor device with source 10.1.1.1 ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source g 1/0/1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.1                        <--- Ping source is permitted and ping is successful 
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms <-- 100% ping success 


### Ping originated from neighbor device with source 10.1.1.3 ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source g 1/0/1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.3                        <-- Ping source is denied (implicit) and ping fails 
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)                                      <-- 0% ping success 


### Confirm RACL drop ###
9500H#show access-lists TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any                                   <-- Counters in this command do not show matches
    20 permit udp host 10.1.1.1 eq 1000 host 10.1.1.2

9500H#show platform software fed active acl counters hardware | i RACL Drop
Ingress IPv4 RACL Drop              (0xed000007):         100 frames  <-- Hardware level command displays drops against RACL 
<...snip...>

Cenário 4 : VACL

As ACLs de VLAN são atribuídas a uma VLAN de Camada 2. 

• Limite de segurança: Dentro de OU através de uma Vlan
• Anexo: Mapa De Vlan/Vlan
• Direção: Entrada e Saída ao mesmo tempo
• Tipos de ACL suportados: ACL MAC e ACLs IP (padrão ou estendida)

Configurar VACL

ip access-list extended TEST
 10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any
 20 permit ip any host 10.1.1.1

ip access-list extended ELSE
 10 permit ip any any

vlan access-map VACL 10
 match ip address TEST
 action forward
vlan access-map VACL 20
 match ip address ELSE
 action drop

vlan filter VACL vlan-list 10


9500H#sh vlan access-map VACL
Vlan access-map "VACL" 10
  Match clauses:
    ip address: TEST
  Action:
    forward
Vlan access-map "VACL" 20
  Match clauses:
    ip address: ELSE
  Action:
    drop

9500H#sh vlan filter access-map VACL
VLAN Map VACL is filtering VLANs:
10

Verificar VACL

Recuperar o IF_ID associado à interface

9500H#show platform software fed active ifm interfaces vlan
Interface                         IF_ID               State
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Vlan10                            0x00420010          READY

Verifique a ID do grupo de classe (ID do CG) vinculada ao IF_ID

9500H#show platform software fed active acl interface 0x420010  <-- IF_ID for the Vlan 
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######   Printing Interface Infos     #################
########                              ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: Vlan10                                               <-- Can be L2 only, with no vlan interface 
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7fc8cc7c7f48
    Interface handle: 0xf1000024
    Interface Type: Vlan
    if-id: 0x0000000000420010
    Input IPv4: Policy Handle: 0xd10000a3                       <-- VACL has both Ingress and Egress actions 
        Policy Name: VACL                                       <-- Name of the VACL used 
             CG ID: 530                                         <-- Class Group ID for entry 
       CGM Feature: [35] acl-grp                                <-- Feature is ACL group, versus ACl
        Bind Order: 0

    Output IPv4: Policy Handle: 0xc80000a4                      <-- VACL has both Ingress and Egress actions
         Policy Name: VACL
              CG ID: 530
         CGM Feature: [35] acl-grp
    Bind Order: 0

Informações da ACL associadas à ID do grupo CG

Há duas ACLs usadas na mesma política de VACL nomeada, agrupadas nesse grupo de ACL

9500H#show platform software fed active acl info acl-grp-cgid 530  <-- use the group-id command versus gc ID
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########    Printing CG Entries        #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
===================================
ACL CG (acl-grp/530): VACL type: IPv4                              <-- feature acl/group ID 530: name VACL : type IPv4
Total Ref count 2
---------------------------------
2 VACL                                                             <-- Ingress and egress ACL direction on a VACl 
---------------------------------
  region reg_id: 12
    subregion subr_id: 0
      GCE#:10 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
        Result: 0x06000000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff           <-- permit from host 10.1.1.1 (see PACL example for hex conversion)
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000           <-- to any other host
      GCE#:20 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
        Result: 0x06000000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000           <-- permit from any host 
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x0a010101, mask = 0xffffffff           <-- to host 10.1.1.1
      GCE#:10 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
        Result: 0x05000000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000           <-- This is the ACL named 'ELSE' which is permit any any
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000           <-- with VACL, the logic used was "permit to match" action "drop"

Informações de política sobre o ID do CG, bem como quais interfaces usam o ID do CG

9500H#show platform software fed active acl policy 530     <-- use the acl-grp ID 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########     Printing Policy Infos     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: Vlan10
MAC 0000.0000.0000
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7fa15802a5d8
    Interface handle: 0xf1000024
    Interface Type: Vlan                                   <-- Interface type is the Vlan, not a specific interface 
    if-id: 0x0000000000420010                              <-- the Vlan IF_ID matches Vlan 10
------------
Direction: Input                                           <-- VACL in the input direction
Protocol Type:IPv4
    Policy Intface Handle: 0x44000001
    Policy Handle: 0x29000090

########################################################
#########                             ##################
########       Policy information      #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy handle       : 0x29000090
Policy name         : VACL                                 <-- the VACL policy is named 'VACL'
ID                  : 530
Protocol            : [3] IPV4
Feature             : [23] AAL_FEATURE_VACL                <-- ASIC feature is VACL 
Number of ACLs      : 2                                    <-- 2 ACL used in the VACL: "TEST & ELSE"

########################################################
## Complete policy ACL information
########################################################
Acl number : 1
=====================================
Acl handle : 0xa6000090
Acl flags : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs : 4
  Ace handle [1] : 0x87000107
  Ace handle [2] : 0x30000108
  Ace handle [3] : 0x73000109
  Ace handle [4] : 0xb700010a

Acl number : 2
=====================================
Acl handle : 0x0f000091
Acl flags : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs : 1
  Ace handle [1] : 0x5800010b

Interface(s):
        Vlan10
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########  Policy instance information  #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy intf handle    : 0x44000001
Policy handle         : 0x29000090
ID                    : 530                                <-- 530 is the acl group ID
Protocol              : [3] IPV4
Feature               : [23] AAL_FEATURE_VACL
Direction             : [1] Ingress                        <-- Ingress VACL direction 
Number of ACLs        : 2
Number of VMRs        : 4------------
Direction:  Output
Protocol Type:IPv4
    Policy Intface Handle: 0xac000002
    Policy Handle: 0x31000091

########################################################
#########                             ##################
########        Policy information     #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy handle        : 0x31000091
Policy name          : VACL
ID                   : 530
Protocol             : [3] IPV4
Feature              : [23] AAL_FEATURE_VACL
Number of ACLs       : 2

########################################################
## Complete policy ACL information
########################################################
Acl number    : 1
=====================================
Acl handle      : 0xe0000092
Acl flags       : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs  : 4
  Ace handle [1] : 0xf500010c
  Ace handle [2] : 0xd800010d
  Ace handle [3] : 0x4c00010e
  Ace handle [4] : 0x0600010f

Acl number    : 2
=====================================
Acl handle      : 0x14000093
Acl flags       : 0x00000001
Number of ACEs : 1
  Ace handle [1] : 0x8e000110

Interface(s):
        Vlan10
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########  Policy instance information  #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
Policy intf handle    : 0xac000002
Policy handle         : 0x31000091
ID                    : 530                               <-- 530 is the acl group ID
Protocol              : [3] IPV4
Feature               : [23] AAL_FEATURE_VACL
Direction             : [2] Egress                        <-- Egress VACL direction 
Number of ACLs        : 2
Number of VMRs        : 4------------

Confirmar se a VACL está funcionando

• A solução de problemas é o mesmo cenário das seções PACL e RACl. Consulte estas seções para obter detalhes sobre o teste de ping 
• O ping de 10.1.1.3 para 10.1.1.2 foi negado pela política da ACL aplicada. 
• comando check platform drop 

9500H#show platform software fed active acl counters hardware | inc VACL Drop
Ingress IPv4 VACL Drop              (0x23000006):         1011 frames      <-- Hardware level command displays drops against VACL 
<...snip...>

Cenário 5 : ACL de grupo/cliente (DACL)

A ACL de grupo/cliente é aplicada dinamicamente a um grupo de usuários ou cliente com base em sua identidade. Elas também são chamadas às vezes de DACL (Dynamic ACL, ACL dinâmica)

• Limite de segurança: Cliente (nível de interface do cliente)
• Anexo: Por interface de cliente 
• Direção: somente entrada
• Tipos de ACL suportados: ACL MAC e ACLs IP (padrão ou estendida)

Configurar GACL

Cat9400#show run interface gigabitEthernet 2/0/1 
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 419 bytes
!
interface GigabitEthernet2/0/1
 switchport access vlan 10
 switchport mode access
 switchport voice vlan 5
 ip access-group ACL-ALLOW in                     <-- This is the pre-authenticated ACL (deny ip any any). Validation is done for the post-auth ACL
 authentication periodic
 authentication timer reauthenticate server
 access-session control-direction in
 access-session port-control auto
 no snmp trap link-status
 mab
 dot1x pae authenticator
 spanning-tree portfast
 service-policy type control subscriber ISE_Gi2/0/1
end

Cat9400#show access-session interface gigabitEthernet 2/0/1 details 
            Interface:  GigabitEthernet2/0/1
               IIF-ID:  0x1765EB2C                <-- The IF_ID used in this example is dynamic 
          MAC Address:  000a.aaaa.aaaa            <-- The client MAC
         IPv6 Address:  Unknown
         IPv4 Address:  10.10.10.10
            User-Name:  00-0A-AA-AA-AA-AA
               Status:  Authorized                <-- Authorized client
               Domain:  VOICE
       Oper host mode:  multi-auth
     Oper control dir:  in
      Session timeout:  300s (server), Remaining: 182s
       Timeout action:  Reauthenticate
    Common Session ID:  27B17A0A000003F499620261
      Acct Session ID:  0x000003e7
               Handle:  0x590003ea
       Current Policy:  ISE_Gi2/0/1


Server Policies:
              ACS ACL:  xACSACLx-IP-MAB-FULL-ACCESS-59fb6e5e  <-- The ACL pushed from ISE server 


Method status list:
       Method           State
        dot1x           Stopped
          mab           Authc Success                                      <-- Authenticated via MAB (Mac authentication bypass)

Cat9400#show ip access-lists xACSACLx-IP-MAB-FULL-ACCESS-59fb6e5e
Extended IP access list xACSACLx-IP-MAB-FULL-ACCESS-GOOD-59fb6e5e
    1 permit ip any any                                                   <-- ISE pushed a permit ip any any 

Verificar GACL

ID de CG do grupo vinculada ao iif-id

Cat9400#show platform software fed active acl interface 0x1765EB2C                 <-- The IF_ID from the access-session output
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######    Printing Interface Infos    #################
########                              ##################
########################################################

INTERFACE: Client MAC 000a.aaaa.aaaa                                              <-- Client MAC matches the access-session output
MAC 000a.aaaa.aaaa
########################################################
    intfinfo: 0x7f104820cae8
    Interface handle: 0x5a000110
    Interface Type: Group                                                          <-- This is a group identity type policy 
    IIF ID: 0x1765eb2c                                             
    Input IPv4: Policy Handle: 0x9d00011e
        Policy Name: ACL-ALLOW:xACSACLx-IP-MAB-FULL-ACCESS-59fb6e5e: <-- DACL name matches 
             CG ID: 127760                                                         <-- The ACL group ID                     
       CGM Feature: [35] acl-grp 
        Bind Order: 0

Informações de ACL associadas ao ID de GC do grupo

Cat9400#show platform software fed active acl info acl-grp-cgid 127760                            <-- the CG ID for this DACL 
########################################################
#########                             ##################
########      Printing CG Entries      #################
#########                             ##################
########################################################
===================================
ACL CG (acl-grp/127760): ACL-ALLOW:xACSACLx-IP-MAB-FULL-ACCESS-59fb6e5e: type: IPv4  <-- Group ID & ACL name are correct 
Total Ref count 1
---------------------------------
1 CGACL                                                                                            <-- 1  GACL (group ACL) is applied 
---------------------------------
  region reg_id: 1
    subregion subr_id: 0
      GCE#:1 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
        Result: 0x04000000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000                                           <-- Permits IP any any as seen in software 
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000
      GCE#:10 #flds: 2 l4:N matchall:N deny:N
        Result: 0x04000000
        ipv4_src: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000
        ipv4_dst: value = 0x00000000, mask = 0x00000000

Cenário 6 : Registro de ACL 

O software do dispositivo pode fornecer mensagens de syslog sobre pacotes permitidos ou negados por uma lista de acesso IP padrão. Qualquer pacote que corresponda à ACL faz com que uma mensagem de log informativo sobre o pacote seja enviada ao console. O nível de mensagens registradas no console é controlado pelologging consolecomandos controlando as mensagens do syslog.

• As mensagens de log da ACL não são suportadas para ACLs usadas com o Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF). Ele só é suportado para o tipo de roteador ACL (RACL).

• O log da ACL na direção de saída não é suportado para pacotes gerados a partir do plano de controle do dispositivo.

• O roteamento é feito no hardware e no software de login, portanto, se um grande número de pacotes corresponder a um permissão or negar ACE contendo um registropalavra-chave, o software pode não ser capaz de corresponder à taxa de processamento do hardware e nem todos os pacotes podem ser registrados.
• O primeiro pacote que dispara a ACL causa uma mensagem de log imediatamente e os pacotes subsequentes são coletados em intervalos de 5 minutos antes de serem exibidos ou registrados. A mensagem de log inclui o número da lista de acesso, se o pacote foi permitido ou negado, o endereço IP origem do pacote e o número de pacotes dessa origem permitidos ou negados no intervalo anterior de 5 minutos.
• Consulte o Guia de Configuração de Segurança apropriado, o Cisco IOS XE, conforme observado na seção Informações Relacionadas, para obter detalhes completos sobre o comportamento e restrições do log da ACL. 

Exemplo de log PACL

Este exemplo mostra um caso negativo, em que o tipo de ACL e a palavra-chave log não funcionam juntos

9500H#show access-lists TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any log             <-- Log keyword applied to ACE entry 
    20 deny ip host 10.1.1.3 any log 

9500H(config)#interface twentyFiveGigE 1/0/1
9500H(config-if)#ip access-group TEST in           <-- apply logged ACL 
Switch Port ACLs are not supported for LOG!        <-- message indicates this is an unsupported combination 

Exemplo de registro RACL (Negar)

9500H#show access-lists TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any log            <-- Log keyword applied to ACE entry 
    20 deny ip host 10.1.1.3 any log 

9500H(config)#interface vlan 10
9500H(config-if)#ip access-group TEST in          <-- ACL applied to SVI

### Orginate ICMP from 10.1.1.3 to 10.1.1.2 (denied by ACE) ###
C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source vlan 10 repeat 110
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 10, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.3
..........
Success rate is 0 percent (0/110)

9500H#show access-list TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any log
    20 deny ip host 10.1.1.3 any log (110 matches)  <-- Matches increment in show access-list command 

9500H#show platform software fed active acl counters hardware | inc RACL
Ingress IPv4 RACL Drop          (0xed000007):            0 frames
Ingress IPv4 RACL Drop and Log  (0x93000009):          110 frames   <-- Aggregate command shows hits on the RACL Drop and Log 

%SEC-6-IPACCESSLOGDP: list TEST denied icmp 10.1.1.3 -> 10.1.1.2 (8/0), 10 packets  <-- Syslog message is produced 

Exemplo de log RACL (permissão)

Quando a instrução log é usada para uma instrução permit, o contador de software atinge o dobro do número de pacotes enviados. 

C9300#ping 10.1.1.2 source vlan 10 repeat 5          <-- 5 ICMP Requests are sent 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 10.1.1.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

9500H#show access-lists TEST
Extended IP access list TEST
    10 permit ip host 10.1.1.1 any log (10 matches)  <-- Hit counter shows 10 
    20 deny ip host 10.1.1.3 any log (115 matches)

Troubleshoot

Estatísticas da ACL

Quando você soluciona um problema de ACL, é importante entender como e onde as estatísticas de ACL são medidas pelo dispositivo.  

• As estatísticas da ACL são coletadas em um nível agregado e não em um nível de ACE
• O hardware não tem a capacidade de permitir por ACE ou por status de ACL
• Estatísticas como Negar, Log e pacotes encaminhados de CPU são coletadas
• As estatísticas dos pacotes MAC, IPv4 e IPv6 são coletadas separadamente
• "show platform software fed switch ative acl counters hardware" pode ser usado para exibir estatísticas agregadas

Limpando estatísticas de ACL

Ao Troubleshoot um problema de ACL, pode ser útil limpar os vários contadores de ACL para obter novas contagens de linha de base.

• Esses comandos permitem que você limpe as estatísticas do contador de ACL de software e hardware
• Quando você soluciona problemas de correspondência/ocorrências da ACL, é recomendável limpar a ACL relevante para as correspondências da linha de base que são recentes ou relevantes

clear platform software fed active acl counters hardware (clears the hardware matched counters)
clear ip access-list counters 
     
      (clears the software matched counters - IPv4)
clear ipv6 access-list counters 
     
      (clears the software matched counters - IPv6)

O que acontece quando a ACL TCAM está esgotada? 

• As ACLs são sempre aplicadas no hardware TCAM. Se o TCAM já for usado por ACLs configuradas anteriormente, as novas ACLs não obterão os recursos de ACL necessários para programar

• Se uma ACL for adicionada depois que o TCAM for esgotado, todos os pacotes serão descartados para a interface conectada.

• A ação de manter uma ACL no software é chamada Descarregar
• Quando os recursos ficam disponíveis, o switch tenta automaticamente programar as ACLs no hardware. Se bem-sucedidos, as ACLs são enviadas para o hardware e os pacotes começam a encaminhar
• A ação de programar uma ACL de software mantida na TCAM é chamada de recarregamento

• PACL, VACL, RACL e GACL podem ser descarregados/recarregados independentemente uns dos outros.

Expressão de ACL TCAM

• A interface à qual a ACL recém-adicionada é aplicada inicia o descarte de pacotes até que os recursos de hardware se tornem disponíveis
• Os clientes GACL são colocados no estado UnAuth

Esgotamento de VCU 

• Uma vez ultrapassado o limite de L4OP OU fora de VCUs, o software executa a expansão da ACL cria novas entradas de ACE para executar uma ação equivalente sem usar VCUs
• Quando isso acontece, o TCAM pode se exaurir dessas entradas adicionadas 

Erros de syslog da ACL

Se você ficar sem uma mensagem SYSLOG de recurso de ACL de segurança específica, os valores serão gerados pelo sistema (interface, Vlan, rótulo, etc.).

Situações de ausência de recursos e ações de recuperação

Verificar a escala da ACL 

Esta seção aborda os comandos para determinar a escala da ACL e a utilização do TCAM 

Resumo da lista de acesso FMAN  

Identificar as ACLs configuradas e a contagem total de ACE por ACL

9500H#show platform software access-list f0 summary
Access-list                          Index        Num Ref        Num ACEs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TEST                                 1            1              2        <-- ACL TEST contains 2 ACE entries 
ELSE                                 2            1              1
DENY                                 3            0              1

Uso da ACL

9500H#show platform software fed active acl usage
########################################################
########                              ##################
#######      Printing Usage Infos      #################
########                              ##################
########################################################
##### ACE Software VMR max:196608 used:283                   <-- Value/Mask/Result entry usage 
########################################################
==================================================================================================
Feature Type           ACL Type        Dir              Name                    Entries Used
VACL                   IPV4            Ingress          VACL                    4
<-- Type of ACL Feature, type of ACL, Direction ACL applied, name of ACL, and number of TCAM entries consumed 
==================================================================================================
Feature Type           ACL Type        Dir             Name                     Entries Used
RACL                   IPV4            Ingress         TEST                     5

Uso de TCAM (17.x)

O comando de uso TCAM tem diferenças significativas entre as trilhas 16.x e 17.x.

9500H#show platform hardware fed active fwd-asic resource tcam utilization
Codes: EM - Exact_Match, I - Input, O - Output, IO - Input & Output, NA - Not Applicable

CAM Utilization for ASIC [0]
 Table                   Subtype     Dir      Max     Used    %Used       V4       V6    MPLS   Other
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Security ACL Ipv4       TCAM        I        7168       16    0.22%       16        0       0        0
 Security ACL Non Ipv4   TCAM        I        5120       76    1.48%        0       36       0       40
 Security ACL Ipv4       TCAM        O        7168       18    0.25%       18        0       0        0
 Security ACL Non Ipv4   TCAM        O        8192       27    0.33%        0       22       0        5
<...snip...>

<-- Percentage used and other counters about ACL consumption 
<-- Dir = ACL direction (Input/Output ACl)

Uso de TCAM (16.x)

O comando de uso TCAM tem diferenças significativas entre as trilhas 16.x e 17.x.

C9300#show platform hardware fed switch active fwd-asic resource tcam utilization
CAM Utilization for ASIC [0]
 Table                                               Max Values      Used Values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Security Access Control Entries                       5120          126         <-- Total used of the Maximum 
<...snip...>

Modelo SDM personalizado (realocação de TCAM)

Cisco IOS XE Bengaluru 17.4.1 você pode configurar um modelo de SDM personalizado para os recursos da lista de controle de acesso (ACL) usando o comando sdm prefer custom aclcomando.

9500H#show sdm prefer
Showing SDM Template Info

This is the Core template.                                                                   <-- Core SDM template in use 
  Security Ingress IPv4 Access Control Entries*:         7168  (current) - 7168  (proposed)  <-- IPv4 ACL maximum TCAM available
  Security Ingress Non-IPv4 Access Control Entries*:     5120  (current) - 5120  (proposed)
  Security Egress IPv4 Access Control Entries*:          7168  (current) - 7168  (proposed)
  Security Egress Non-IPv4 Access Control Entries*:      8192  (current) - 8192  (proposed)
  <...snip...>

9500H#show sdm prefer custom user-input
Custom Template Feature Values are not modified                                              <-- No customization to SDM 

Modificar o modelo SDM atual

9500H(config)#sdm prefer custom acl
9500H(config-sdm-acl)#acl-ingress 26 priority 1 <-- apply new 26K value. (priority discussed in the configuration guide)
9500H(config-sdm-acl)#acl-egress 20 priority 2
9500H(config-sdm-acl)#exit
Use 'show sdm prefer custom' to see proposed values and 'sdm prefer custom commit' to apply  <-- view the changes via this CLI 

Verificar alterações no perfil SDM 

9500H#show sdm prefer custom
Showing SDM Template Info

This is the Custom template                                                                <-- details about the custom template 
  Ingress Security Access Control Entries*:         12288  (current) - 26624 ( proposed)   <-- Current and proposed usage (26K proposed)
  Egress Security Access Control Entries*:          15360  (current) - 20480  (proposed)


9500H#show sdm prefer custom user-input

ACL FEATURE USER INPUT
User Input values
==========================

FEATURE NAME                                         PRIORITY     SCALE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ingress Security Access Control Entries:             1           26*1024                 <-- Modifed by user input to 26 x 1024 (26K)
Egress Security Access Control Entries:              2           20*1024                 <-- Modifed by user input to 20 x 1024 (20K)

Aplicar alterações ao perfil SDM 

9500H(config)#sdm prefer custom commit
Changes to the running SDM preferences have been stored and will take effect on the next reload.  <-- Once reloaded, ACL TCAM allocated to custom value. 

Leitura adicional

Ordem de processamento da ACL 

As ACLs são processadas na seguinte ordem, da origem ao destino 

ACLs programadas em uma pilha

• As ACLs que não são baseadas em portas (por exemplo, VACL, RACL) são aplicadas ao tráfego em qualquer switch e são programadas em todos os switches da pilha

• As ACLs baseadas em portas são aplicadas somente ao tráfego em uma porta e são programadas somente no switch que possui a interface

• As ACLs são programadas pelo switch ativo e subsequentemente aplicadas aos switches membros

• As mesmas regras se aplicam a outras opções de redundância, como ISSU/SVL 

Expansão de ACL 

A expansão da ACL acontece quando o dispositivo fica sem L4OPs, Lables ou VCUs. O dispositivo deve criar várias ACEs equivalentes para realizar a mesma lógica e pode esgotar rapidamente a TCAM. 

### L4OPs are at scale and this ACL is created ##
9500H(config)#ip access-list extended TEST 
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any gt 150     <-- matches ports 151 and higher  


### This must be expanded into mutiple ACEs that do not use an L4OP ###
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any eq 151
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any eq 152
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any eq 153
9500H(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 any eq 154
... and so on .... 

Compartilhamento de rótulo e consumo de TCAM

• Cada política de ACL é referenciada internamente por um rótulo

• Quando a política de ACL (Security ACL, como GACL, PACL, VACL, RACL) é aplicada a várias interfaces ou VLAN, ela usa o mesmo rótulo

• A ACL de entrada/saída usa diferentes espaços de rótulo

• A ACL IPv4, IPv6 e MAC usam espaços de rótulo diferentes

• O mesmo PACL aplicado à entrada da interface A e à saída da interface A, há duas instâncias do PACL na TCAM, cada uma com um rótulo exclusivo para entrada e saída

• Se o mesmo PACL com e L4OP for aplicado a várias interfaces de entrada existentes em cada núcleo, há duas instâncias do mesmo PACL programado em TCAM, uma por cada núcleo

Descrição do VMR

Uma ACE é programada internamente na TCAM como um "VMR" - também conhecido como Valor, Máscara, Resultado. Cada entrada ACE pode consumir VMRs e consumir VCUs

Escalabilidade de ACL

Os recursos de segurança ACL são dedicados para ACLs de segurança. ELES NÃO são compartilhados com outros recursos

Informações Relacionadas

Guia de configuração de segurança, Cisco IOS XE Amsterdam 17.3.x (Switches Catalyst 9200)

Guia de configuração de segurança, Cisco IOS XE Amsterdam 17.3.x (Switches Catalyst 9300)

Guia de configuração de segurança, Cisco IOS XE Amsterdam 17.3.x (Switches Catalyst 9400)

Guia de configuração de segurança, Cisco IOS XE Amsterdam 17.3.x (Switches Catalyst 9500)

Guia de configuração de segurança, Cisco IOS XE Amsterdam 17.3.x (Switches Catalyst 9600)

Guia de Configuração de Gerenciamento do Sistema, Cisco IOS XE Bengaluru 17.4.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)