Configurando IPsec de roteador para roteador (chaves pré-compartilhadas) no túnel GRE com firewall IOS e NAT

Introduction

Este documento ilustra uma configuração básica de Firewall do Cisco IOS® com Tradução de Endereço de Rede (NAT). Esta configuração permite que o tráfego seja iniciado de dentro das redes 10.1.1.x e 172.16.1.x até a Internet e com NAT por todo o caminho. Um túnel de encapsulamento de roteamento genérico (GRE) é adicionado a um tráfego de túnel IP e IPX entre duas redes privadas. Quando um pacote chega na interface externa do roteador e é enviado pelo túnel, ele é primeiro encapsulado usando GRE e, depois, criptografado com IPsec. Em outras palavras, qualquer tráfego permitido a entrar no túnel de GRE também é criptografado pelo IPsec.

Para configurar o túnel GRE sobre IPsec com OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), consulte Configuração de um túnel GRE sobre IPSec com OSPF.

Para configurar um design de hub e spoke IPsec entre três roteadores, consulte Configuração de Hub de Roteador para Roteador IPsec e Spoke com Comunicação entre os Spokes.

Prerequisites

Requirements

Não existem requisitos específicos para este documento.

Componentes Utilizados

As informações neste documento são baseadas nestas versões de software e hardware:

• Software Cisco IOS versão 12.2(21a) e 12.3(5a)

• Cisco 3725 e 3640

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.

Conventions

Consulte as Convenções de Dicas Técnicas da Cisco para obter mais informações sobre convenções de documentos.

Informações de Apoio

As dicas nesta seção ajudam a implementar a configuração:

• Implemente o NAT em ambos os roteadores para testar a conectividade com a Internet.

• Adicione o GRE à configuração e teste. O tráfego não criptografado deve fluir entre as redes privadas.

• Adicione o IPsec à configuração e teste. O tráfego entre as redes privadas deve ser criptografado.

• Adicione o Cisco IOS Firewall às interfaces externas, à lista de inspeção de saída e à lista de acesso de entrada e teste.

• Se você usa uma versão do Cisco IOS Software anterior à 12.1.4, é necessário permitir o tráfego IP entre 172.16.1.x e 10.0.0.0 na lista de acesso 103. Consulte o bug da Cisco ID CSCdu58486 (somente clientes registrados) e o bug da Cisco ID CSCdm01118 (somente clientes registrados) para obter mais informações.

Configurar

Nesta seção, você encontrará informações para configurar os recursos descritos neste documento.

Nota:Use a Command Lookup Tool (somente clientes registrados) para obter mais informações sobre os comandos usados neste documento.

Observação: os esquemas de endereçamento IP usados nesta configuração não são legalmente roteáveis na Internet. São os endereços da RFC1918 que foram usados em um ambiente de laboratório.

Diagrama de Rede

Este documento utiliza a seguinte configuração de rede.

Configurações

Este documento utiliza estas configurações.

• Configuração Daphne

• Configuração Fred

version 12.3
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
hostname daphne
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 $1$r2sh$XKZR118vcId11ZGzhbz5C/
!
no aaa new-model
ip subnet-zero
!
!

!--- This is the Cisco IOS Firewall configuration and what to inspect. !--- This is applied outbound on the external interface.


ip inspect name myfw tcp
ip inspect name myfw udp
ip inspect name myfw ftp
ip inspect name myfw realaudio
ip inspect name myfw smtp
ip inspect name myfw streamworks
ip inspect name myfw vdolive
ip inspect name myfw tftp
ip inspect name myfw rcmd
ip inspect name myfw http
ip telnet source-interface FastEthernet0/0
!
ip audit notify log
ip audit po max-events 100
no ftp-server write-enable
!

!--- This is the IPsec configuration.
 
!
crypto isakmp policy 10
 authentication pre-share

crypto isakmp key ciscokey address 192.168.2.2
!
!
crypto ipsec transform-set to_fred esp-des esp-md5-hmac 
!
crypto map myvpn 10 ipsec-isakmp 
 
 set peer 192.168.2.2
 set transform-set to_fred 
 match address 101
!
!
!
!
!

!--- This is one end of the GRE tunnel.

!
interface Tunnel0
 
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

!--- Associate the tunnel with the physical interface.

 tunnel source FastEthernet0/1

tunnel destination 192.168.2.2


!--- This is the internal network.

interface FastEthernet0/0
 
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside
 speed 100
 full-duplex
!

!--- This is the external interface and one end of the GRE tunnel.

interface FastEthernet0/1
 
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 ip access-group 103 in
 ip nat outside
 ip inspect myfw out
 speed 100
 full-duplex
 crypto map myvpn
!

!--- Define the NAT pool.



ip nat pool ourpool 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.20 netmask 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside source route-map nonat pool ourpool overload
ip classless

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2


!--- Force the private network traffic into the tunnel.

-
ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
ip http server
no ip http secure-server
!
!

 !--- All traffic that enters the GRE tunnel is encrypted by IPsec. !--- Other ACE statements are not necessary.



access-list 101 permit gre host 192.168.1.1 host 192.168.2.2

!--- Access list for security reasons. Allow !--- IPsec and GRE traffic between the private networks.



access-list 103 permit gre host 192.168.2.2 host 192.168.1.1
access-list 103 permit esp host 192.168.2.2 host 192.168.1.1
access-list 103 permit udp host 192.168.2.2 eq isakmp host 192.168.1.1
access-list 103 deny   ip any any log
 

!--- See the Background Information section if you use !--- a Cisco IOS Software release earlier than 12.1.4 for access list 103.



access-list 175 deny   ip 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 175 permit ip 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 any


!--- Use access list in route-map to address what to NAT.


route-map nonat permit 10
 match ip address 175
!
!
!         
line con 0
 exec-timeout 0 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
 password ww
 login
!
!
end

version 12.2
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname fred
!
enable secret 5 $1$AtxD$MycLGaJvF/tAIFXkikCes1
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
ip telnet source-interface FastEthernet0/0
!
ip inspect name myfw tcp
ip inspect name myfw udp
ip inspect name myfw ftp
ip inspect name myfw realaudio
ip inspect name myfw smtp
ip inspect name myfw streamworks
ip inspect name myfw vdolive
ip inspect name myfw tftp
ip inspect name myfw rcmd
ip inspect name myfw http
ip audit notify log
ip audit po max-events 100
!
crypto isakmp policy 10
 authentication pre-share
-
crypto isakmp key ciscokey address 192.168.1.1
!
!
crypto ipsec transform-set to_daphne esp-des esp-md5-hmac 
!
crypto map myvpn 10 ipsec-isakmp   

set peer 192.168.1.1
 set transform-set to_daphne 
 match address 101
!
call rsvp-sync
!
!
!
!         
!
!
!
!
interface Tunnel0
 -
 ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
 tunnel source FastEthernet0/1
-
tunnel destination 192.168.1.1
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
 ip nat inside
 speed 100
 full-duplex
!
interface Serial0/0
 no ip address
 clockrate 2000000
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 
 ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
 ip access-group 103 in
 ip nat outside
 ip inspect myfw out
 speed 100
 full-duplex
 crypto map myvpn
!



!--- Output is supressed.


!

ip nat pool ourpool 192.168.2.10 192.168.2.20 netmask 255.255.255.0
ip nat inside source route-map nonat pool ourpool overload
ip classless

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
ip http server
!

access-list 101 permit gre host 192.168.2.2 host 192.168.1.1
access-list 103 permit gre host 192.168.1.1 host 192.168.2.2
access-list 103 permit udp host 192.168.1.1 eq isakmp host 192.168.2.2
access-list 103 permit esp host 192.168.1.1 host 192.168.2.2
access-list 175 deny   ip 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 175 permit ip 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 any

route-map nonat permit 10
 match ip address 175
!
!
!
dial-peer cor custom
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
 exec-timeout 0 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
 password ww
 login
!
end

Verificar

Use esta seção para confirmar se a sua configuração funciona corretamente.

A Output Interpreter Tool ( somente clientes registrados) (OIT) oferece suporte a determinados comandos show. Use a OIT para exibir uma análise da saída do comando show.

Tente fazer ping em um host na sub-rede remota - 10.0.0.x a partir de um host na rede 172.16.1.x para verificar a configuração da VPN. Esse tráfego deve passar pelo túnel GRE e ser criptografado.

Use o comando show crypto ipsec sa para verificar se o túnel IPsec está ativo. Primeiro, verifique se os números SPI são diferentes de 0. Você também deve ver um aumento nos contadores de criptografia e descriptografia de pkts.

• show crypto ipsec sa — Verifica se o túnel IPsec está ativado.

• show access-lists 103 —Verifica se a configuração do Cisco IOS Firewall funciona corretamente.

• show ip nat translations —Verifica se o NAT funciona corretamente.

fred#show crypto ipsec sa

interface: FastEthernet0/1
    
Crypto map tag: myvpn, local addr. 192.168.2.2

   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (192.168.2.2/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (192.168.1.1/255.255.255.255/47/0)
   current_peer: 192.168.1.1
     PERMIT, flags={transport_parent,}
    #pkts encaps: 0, #pkts encrypt: 0, #pkts digest 0
    #pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts verify 0
    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
    #send errors 0, #recv errors 0

     -
     local crypto endpt.: 192.168.2.2, remote crypto endpt.: 192.168.1.1
     path mtu 1500, media mtu 1500
     current outbound spi: 0

     inbound esp sas:

     inbound ah sas:

     inbound pcp sas:
          
     outbound esp sas:

     outbound ah sas:

     outbound pcp sas:


   -
  local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (192.168.2.2/255.255.255.255/0/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (192.168.1.1/255.255.255.255/0/0)
   current_peer: 192.168.1.1
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,parent_is_transport,}
    #pkts encaps: 42, #pkts encrypt: 42, #pkts digest 42
    #pkts decaps: 39, #pkts decrypt: 39, #pkts verify 39
    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
    #send errors 2, #recv errors 0

     
     local crypto endpt.: 192.168.2.2, remote crypto endpt.: 192.168.1.1
     path mtu 1500, media mtu 1500
     current outbound spi: 3C371F6D

     inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xF06835A9(4033361321)
        transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        slot: 0, conn id: 940, flow_id: 1, crypto map: myvpn
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4607998/2559)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y

     inbound ah sas:

     inbound pcp sas:


     outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x3C371F6D(1010245485)
        transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        slot: 0, conn id: 941, flow_id: 2, crypto map: myvpn
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4607998/2559)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y

     outbound ah sas:

     outbound pcp sas:

Para verificar se a configuração do Cisco IOS Firewall funciona corretamente, emita primeiro este comando.

fred#show access-lists 103

Extended IP access list 103
    permit gre host 192.168.1.1 host 192.168.2.2 (4 matches)
    permit udp host 192.168.1.1 eq isakmp host 192.168.2.2 (4 matches)
    permit esp host 192.168.1.1 host 192.168.2.2 (4 matches)

Em seguida, a partir de um host na rede 172.16.1.x, tente executar telnet para um host remoto na Internet. Você pode verificar primeiro se o NAT funciona corretamente. O endereço local 172.16.1.2 foi convertido para 192.168.2.10.

fred#show ip nat translations 
Pro Inside global       Inside local       Outside local      Outside global
tcp 192.168.2.10:11006  172.16.1.2:11006   192.168.2.1:23     192.168.2.1:23

Quando você verifica a lista de acesso novamente, você vê que uma linha extra é adicionada dinamicamente.

fred#show access-lists 103
Extended IP access list 103
    permit tcp host 192.168.2.1 eq telnet host 192.168.2.10 eq 11006 (11 matches)
    permit gre host 192.168.1.1 host 192.168.2.2 (4 matches)
    permit udp host 192.168.1.1 eq isakmp host 192.168.2.2 (4 matches)
    permit esp host 192.168.1.1 host 192.168.2.2 (4 matches)

Troubleshoot

Esta seção fornece informações que podem ser usadas para o troubleshooting da sua configuração.

Comandos para Troubleshooting

A Output Interpreter Tool ( somente clientes registrados) (OIT) oferece suporte a determinados comandos show. Use a OIT para exibir uma análise da saída do comando show.

Nota:Consulte Informações Importantes sobre Comandos de Depuração antes de usar comandos debug.

NAT:

• debug ip nat access-list number —Exibe informações sobre pacotes IP convertidos pelo recurso IP NAT.

IPSEC:

• debug crypto ipsec — Exibe eventos de IPSec.

• debug crypto isakmp — Exibe mensagens sobre eventos do Internet Key Exchange (IKE).

• debug crypto engine — Exibe informações a partir do cripto mecanismo.

CBAC:

• debug ip inspect {protocol | detalhado} — Exibe mensagens sobre eventos do Cisco IOS Firewall.

Listas de acesso:

• debug ip packet (sem ip route-cache na interface)—Exibe informações gerais de depuração de IP e transações de segurança IPSO (IP Security Option).

daphne#show version 
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software 
IOS (tm) 3700 Software (C3725-ADVSECURITYK9-M), Version 12.3(5a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-2003 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Mon 24-Nov-03 20:36 by kellythw
Image text-base: 0x60008AF4, data-base: 0x613C6000

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.2(8r)T2, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

daphne uptime is 6 days, 19 hours, 39 minutes
System returned to ROM by reload
System image file is "flash:c3725-advsecurityk9-mz.123-5a.bin"


This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United
States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and
use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply
third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption.
Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for
compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you
agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable
to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.

A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found at:
http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html

If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email to
export@cisco.com.

cisco 3725 (R7000) processor (revision 0.1) with 196608K/65536K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID JHY0727K212
R7000 CPU at 240MHz, Implementation 39, Rev 3.3, 256KB L2 Cache
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
2 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
1 Virtual Private Network (VPN) Module(s)
DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity disabled.
55K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
125952K bytes of ATA System CompactFlash (Read/Write)

Configuration register is 0x2002


fred#show version 
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software 
IOS (tm) 3600 Software (C3640-JK9O3S-M), Version 12.2(21a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2)
Copyright (c) 1986-2004 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Fri 09-Jan-04 16:23 by kellmill
Image text-base: 0x60008930, data-base: 0x615DE000

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.1(20)AA2, EARLY DEPLOYMENT RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)

fred uptime is 6 days, 19 hours, 36 minutes
System returned to ROM by reload
System image file is "flash:c3640-jk9o3s-mz.122-21a.bin"


This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United
States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and
use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply
third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption.
Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for
compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you
agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable
to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.
          
A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found at:
http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html

If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email to
export@cisco.com.

cisco 3640 (R4700) processor (revision 0x00) with 124928K/6144K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 25120505
R4700 CPU at 100Mhz, Implementation 33, Rev 1.0
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
SuperLAT software (copyright 1990 by Meridian Technology Corp).
TN3270 Emulation software.
2 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
4 Serial network interface(s)
4 Serial(sync/async) network interface(s)
1 Virtual Private Network (VPN) Module(s)
DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity disabled.
125K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
32768K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

Configuration register is 0x2002

Observação: se essa configuração for implementada em etapas, o comando debug a ser usado depende da parte com falha.

Informações Relacionadas

• Negociação IPsec/Protocolos IKE
• Suporte Técnico e Documentação - Cisco Systems