Sommario

Introduzione

Prerequisiti

Requisiti

Componenti usati

SPF

DKIM

DMARC

Informazioni correlate

Introduzione

Questo documento illustra l'utilizzo dig/nslookup per trovare i record SPF, DKIM e DMARC per un dominio su Email Security Appliance (ESA) e Cloud Email Security (CES).

Prerequisiti

Requisiti

Cisco raccomanda la conoscenza dei seguenti argomenti:

- ESA su Async OS 10.0 o versioni successive

- Accesso amministrativo all'accessorio

Componenti usati

Le informazioni di questo documento si basano su tutti i modelli hardware ESA e le appliance virtuali supportati in Async OS 10.0 o versioni successive.

Per verificare le informazioni sulla versione dell'accessorio dalla CLI, immettere il comando version. Nella GUI, selezionare Monitor > System Status.

Entrambi nslookup e dig i comandi sono supportati sulle versioni Async OS ESA/CES attuali. Questi comandi possono essere eseguiti tramite l'accesso SSH/CLI all'accessorio.

Le informazioni discusse in questo documento fanno riferimento a dispositivi usati in uno specifico ambiente di emulazione. Su tutti i dispositivi menzionati nel documento la configurazione è stata ripristinata ai valori predefiniti. Se la rete è operativa, valutare attentamente eventuali conseguenze derivanti dall'uso dei comandi.

Output di esempio forniti per i domini cisco.com e gmail.com, comandi simili possono essere utilizzati anche per altri domini.

SPF

Le ricerche SPF possono essere eseguite nei seguenti formati:

- nslookup  testo dominio

- dig  testo dominio

Nota: SSostituire la parola domain con il dominio appropriato che si desidera cercare.

Per i domini con più record TXT pubblicati, nslookup può non elencare i record SPF. In tal caso, dig devono essere utilizzati.

come mostrato negli output di esempio per cisco.com.

(Machine lab.esa.com)> nslookup cisco.com txt

TXT="google-site-verification=qPS9ZkoQ-Og1rBrM1_N7z-tNJNy2BVxE8lw6SB2iFdk"

TTL=21m 8s

(Machine lab.esa.com)> dig cisco.com txt

;; Warning: Message parser reports malformed message packet.

;; Truncated, retrying in TCP mode.

; <<>> DiG 9.11.2 <<>> cisco.com TXT

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 20648

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 25, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;cisco.com. IN TXT

;; ANSWER SECTION:

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "fastly-domain-delegation-w049tcm0w48ds-341317-20210209"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "v=spf1 redirect=spfa._spf.cisco.com"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "MS=ms35724259"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "amazonses:QbUv5pPHGQxRy1vKA0J7Y/biE9oR6MTxOTI1bZIfjsw="

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "fastly-domain-delegation-e9a758d22183504af2d5ab4d9a9853da-20210127"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "QuoVadis=94d4ae74-ecd5-4a33-975e-a0d7f546c801"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "atlassian-domain-verification=672RcADvt8BPqsb9gCN2ZC5DoTAhUT8abC1blYKQxi/MHMaGoA/BuvjFMaWRtgd7"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "google-site-verification=9MlQU9MMQ1jHLMUkONKe6QzZ-ZIGRv0BCD1_rY1Zdmc"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "SFMC-o7HX74BQ79k7glpt_qjlF2vmZO9DpqLtYxKLwg87"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "926723159-3188410"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "docusign=95052c5f-a421-4594-9227-02ad2d86dfbe"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "amazonses:7LyiKZmpuGja4+KbA4xX3lN69yajYKLkHH4QJcWnuwo="

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "google-site-verification=qPS9ZkoQ-Og1rBrM1_N7z-tNJNy2BVxE8lw6SB2iFdk"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "zpSH7Ye/seyY61hH8+Rq5Kb+ZJ9hDa+qeFBaD/6sPAAg+2POkGdP0byHb1pFVK9uZgYF2AIosUSZq4MB17oydQ=="

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "duo_sso_verification=AxenLdoqIXzjl2RJzE1BlOfkawDbDFlnbyvjAt8vcjKHBkvYwEMySDRk5QmBd66v"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "facebook-domain-verification=1zoxo8z7t013gpruxmhc8dkerq47vh"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "google-site-verification=lW5eqPMJI4VrLc28YW-JBkqA-FDNVnhFCXQVDvFqZTo"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "facebook-domain-verification=qr2nigspzrpa96j1nd9criovuuwino"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "apple-domain-verification=qOInipPgso3W8cmK"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "identrust_validate=JnSSfW+y58dEQju6mVBe8lu1MGFepXI50P27OE1ZZQmL"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "onetrust-domain-verification=20345dd0c33946f299f14c1498b41f67"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "mixpanel-domain-verify=2c6cb1aa-a3fb-44b9-ad10-d6b744109963"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "identrust_validate=Wns4/AOM0Ij2kQCQhzvNbMcoBzxItOa+44O7KF06lIp3"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "docusign=5e18de8e-36d0-4a8e-8e88-b7803423fa2f"

cisco.com. 1782 IN TXT "amazonses:mX+ylQj+fJAfh9pr03yIR7YvjKZ1bOo5ABegqM/5pvI="

;; Query time: 0 msec

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)

;; WHEN: Tue Feb 23 06:03:28 GMT 2021

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 1756

(Machine lab.esa.com)> nslookup gmail.com txt

TXT="v=spf1 redirect=_spf.google.com"

TTL=30m

(Machine lab.esa.com)> dig gmail.com txt

; <<>> DiG 9.11.2 <<>> gmail.com TXT

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14807

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;gmail.com. IN TXT

;; ANSWER SECTION:

gmail.com. 1800 IN TXT "v=spf1 redirect=_spf.google.com"

gmail.com. 1800 IN TXT "globalsign-smime-dv=CDYX+XFHUw2wml6/Gb8+59BsH31KzUr6c1l2BPvqKX8="

;; Query time: 85 msec

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)

;; WHEN: Tue Feb 23 06:05:38 GMT 2021

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 148

DKIM

Le ricerche DKIM possono essere eseguite nei seguenti formati:

- nslookup selector._domainkey.domain txt

- dig selector._domainkey.domain txt

Nota: Sostituisci le parole selector e domain con il selettore DKIM e il dominio che si desidera cercare.

(Machine lab.esa.com)> nslookup iport._domainkey.cisco.com txt

TXT="v=DKIM1;

p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCctxGhJnvNpdcQLJM6a/0otvdpzFIJuo73OYFuw6/8bXcf8/p5JG/iME1r9fUlrNZs3kMn9ZdPYvTyRbyZ0UyMrsM3ZN2JAIop3M7sitqHgp8pbORFgQyZxq+L23I2cELq+qw

tbanjWJzEPpVvrvbuz9QL8CUtS+V5N5ldq8L/lwIDAQAB;"

TTL=1d

(Machine lab.esa.com)> dig iport._domainkey.cisco.com txt

; <<>> DiG 9.11.2 <<>> iport._domainkey.cisco.com TXT

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 21671

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;iport._domainkey.cisco.com. IN TXT

;; ANSWER SECTION:

iport._domainkey.cisco.com. 86400 IN TXT "v=DKIM1;

p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCctxGhJnvNpdcQLJM6a/0otvdpzFIJuo73OYFuw6/8bXcf8/p5JG/iME1r9fUlrNZs3kMn9ZdPYvTyRbyZ0UyMrsM3ZN2JAIop3M7sitqHgp8pbORFgQyZxq+L23I2cELq+qw

tbanjWJzEPpVvrvbuz9QL8CUtS+V5N5ldq8L/lwIDAQAB;"

;; Query time: 2 msec

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)

;; WHEN: Tue Feb 23 06:41:31 GMT 2021

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 285

(Machine lab.esa.com)> dig 20161025._domainkey.gmail.com TXT

; <<>> DiG 9.11.2 <<>> 20161025._domainkey.gmail.com TXT

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 11798

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;20161025._domainkey.gmail.com. IN TXT

;; ANSWER SECTION:

20161025._domainkey.gmail.com. 1800 IN TXT "k=rsa;

p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAviPGBk4ZB64UfSqWyAicdR7lodhytae+EYRQVtKDhM+1mXjEqRtP/pDT3sBhazkmA48n2k5NJUyMEoO8nc2r6sUA+/Dom5jRBZp6qDKJOwjJ5R/OpHamlRG+YRJQqR"

"tqEgSiJWG7h7efGYWmh4URhFM9k9+rmG/CwCgwx7Et+c8OMlngaLl04/bPmfpjdEyLWyNimk761CX6KymzYiRDNz1MOJOJ7OzFaS4PFbVLn0m5mf0HVNtBpPwWuCNvaFVflUYxEyblbB6h/oWOPGbzoSgtRA47SHV53SwZjIsVpb

q4LxUW9IxAEwYzGcSgZ4n5Q8X8TndowsDUzoccPFGhdwIDAQAB"

;; Query time: 174 msec

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)

;; WHEN: Tue Feb 23 06:45:01 GMT 2021

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 462

(Machine lab.esa.com)> nslookup 20161025._domainkey.gmail.com TXT

TXT="k=rsa;

p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAviPGBk4ZB64UfSqWyAicdR7lodhytae+EYRQVtKDhM+1mXjEqRtP/pDT3sBhazkmA48n2k5NJUyMEoO8nc2r6sUA+/Dom5jRBZp6qDKJOwjJ5R/OpHamlRG+YRJQqR"

"tqEgSiJWG7h7efGYWmh4URhFM9k9+rmG/CwCgwx7Et+c8OMlngaLl04/bPmfpjdEyLWyNimk761CX6KymzYiRDNz1MOJOJ7OzFaS4PFbVLn0m5mf0HVNtBpPwWuCNvaFVflUYxEyblbB6h/oWOPGbzoSgtRA47SHV53SwZjIsVpb

q4LxUW9IxAEwYzGcSgZ4n5Q8X8TndowsDUzoccPFGhdwIDAQAB"

TTL=30m

DMARC

Le ricerche DMARC possono essere eseguite nei seguenti formati:

- nslookup testo _dmarc.domain

- dig testo _dmarc.domain

Nota: SSostituire la parola domain con il dominio che si desidera cercare.

(Machine lab.esa.com)> nslookup _dmarc.cisco.com txt

TXT="v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; pct=0; fo=1; ri=3600; rua=mailto:cisco@rua.agari.com; ruf=mailto:cisco@ruf.agari.com"

TTL=30m

(Machine lab.esa.com)> dig txt _dmarc.cisco.com

; <<>> DiG 9.11.2 <<>> _dmarc.cisco.com TXT

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 24522

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;_dmarc.cisco.com. IN TXT

;; ANSWER SECTION:

_dmarc.cisco.com. 1800 IN TXT "v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; pct=0; fo=1; ri=3600; rua=mailto:cisco@rua.agari.com; ruf=mailto:cisco@ruf.agari.com"

;; Query time: 2 msec

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)

;; WHEN: Tue Feb 23 06:34:15 GMT 2021

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 155

(Machine lab.esa.com)> nslookup _dmarc.gmail.com txt

TXT="v=DMARC1; p=none; sp=quarantine; rua=mailto:mailauth-reports@google.com"

TTL=30m

(Machine lab.esa.com)> dig _dmarc.gmail.com txt

; <<>> DiG 9.11.2 <<>> _dmarc.gmail.com TXT

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 28370

;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;_dmarc.gmail.com. IN TXT

;; ANSWER SECTION:

_dmarc.gmail.com. 1800 IN TXT "v=DMARC1; p=none; sp=quarantine; rua=mailto:mailauth-reports@google.com"

;; Query time: 85 msec

;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)

;; WHEN: Tue Feb 23 06:35:18 GMT 2021

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 118

Informazioni correlate

- Cisco Email Security Appliance - Guide per l'utente

- Documentazione e supporto tecnico – Cisco Systems