PIX/ASA 7.x y posteriores: IPSec VPN del LAN a LAN con el ejemplo de configuración de las redes superpuestas

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Actualizado:9 de diciembre de 2010

ID del documento:112049

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Contenido

Introducción

prerrequisitos

Requisitos

Componentes Utilizados

Productos Relacionados

Convenciones

Configurar

Diagrama de la red

Configuraciones

Verificación

comandos show de ASA-1

comandos show de ASA-2

Troubleshooting

Borre las asociaciones de seguridad

Comandos para resolución de problemas

Información Relacionada

Introducción

Este documento describe los pasos que hay que seguir para traducir (NAT) el tráfico VPN que viaja sobre un túnel IPsec de LAN a LAN (L2L) entre dos dispositivos de seguridad y también PAT el tráfico de Internet. Cada dispositivo de seguridad tiene un soldado, red protegida detrás de él. En los dispositivos de seguridad adaptantes de Cisco de este ejemplo dos (ASA) con las redes internas idénticas y que solapan están conectados sobre el túnel VPN. En las circunstancias normales, la comunicación a través del VPN nunca sucede porque los paquetes ping nunca salen de la subred local puesto que el usuario hace ping la dirección IP de la misma subred. Para que estas dos redes internas privadas comuniquen con uno a, la directiva NAT se utiliza en ambos ASA para la traducción de la subred local de modo que suceda la comunicación como se esperaba.

prerrequisitos

Requisitos

Aseegurese le haber configurado el dispositivo de seguridad adaptante de Cisco con los IP Addresses en las interfaces, y tenga conectividad básica antes de que usted proceda con este ejemplo de configuración.

Componentes Utilizados

La información de este documento se basa en esta versión del software:

Versión de software adaptante 7.x del dispositivo de seguridad de Cisco y posterior.

La información que contiene este documento se creó a partir de los dispositivos en un ambiente de laboratorio específico. Todos los dispositivos que se utilizan en este documento se pusieron en funcionamiento con una configuración verificada (predeterminada). Si la red está funcionando, asegúrese de haber comprendido el impacto que puede tener cualquier comando.

Configuración ASA-1
Configuración ASA-2

ASA-1
ASA-1#show running-config : Saved : ASA Version 8.0(3) ! hostname ciscoasa enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted names ! interface Ethernet0 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 172.162.1.1 255.255.255.0 !--- Configure the outside interface. ! interface Ethernet1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 !--- Configure the inside interface. passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted ftp mode passive access-list new extended permit ip 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 !--- This access list (new) is used with the crypto map (outside_map) !--- in order to determine which traffic should be encrypted !--- and sent across the tunnel. access-list policy-nat extended permit ip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 !--- The policy-nat ACL is used with the static* !--- command in order to match the VPN traffic for translation.* pager lines 24 mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 no failover asdm image flash:/asdm-615.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 static (inside,outside) 192.168.2.0 access-list policy-nat !--- It is a Policy NAT statement. !--- The static command with the access list (policy-nat), !--- which matches the VPN traffic and translates the source (192.168.1.0) to !--- 192.168.2.0 for outbound VPN traffic. global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 !--- The previous statements PAT the Internet traffic !--- except for the VPN traffic that uses the IP address 172.17.1.1. route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.162.1.2 1 !--- Output is suppressed. !--- PHASE 2 CONFIGURATION ---! !--- The encryption types for Phase 2 are defined here. crypto ipsec transform-set CISCO esp-des esp-md5-hmac !--- Define the transform set for Phase 2. crypto map outside_map 20 match address new !--- Define which traffic should be sent to the IPsec peer with the !--- access list (new). crypto map outside_map 20 set peer 172.162.1.2 !--- Sets the IPsec peer (remote end point) crypto map outside_map 20 set transform-set CISCO !--- Sets the IPsec transform set "CISCO" !--- to be used with the crypto map entry "outside_map" crypto map outside_map interface outside !--- Specifies the interface to be used with !--- the settings defined in this configuration !--- PHASE 1 CONFIGURATION ---! !--- This configuration uses isakmp policy 65535. !--- Policy 65535 is included in the configuration by default. !--- These configuration commands define the !--- Phase 1 policy parameters that are used. crypto isakmp identity address crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 65535 authentication pre-share encryption des hash md5 group 2 lifetime 86400 tunnel-group 172.162.1.2 type ipsec-l2l !--- In order to create and manage the database of connection-specific records !--- for IPsec-L2L—IPsec (LAN-to-LAN) tunnels, use the tunnel-group !--- command in global configuration mode. !--- For L2L connections, the name of the tunnel group must be !--- the IP address of the IPsec peer (remote peer end). tunnel-group 172.162.1.2 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * !--- Enter the pre-shared key in order to configure the authentication method. telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns maximum-length 512 inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect skinny inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect sip inspect xdmcp ! service-policy global_policy global Cryptochecksum:33e1e37cd1280d908210dac0cc26e706 : end

ASA-1

ASA-1#show running-config 
: Saved
:
ASA Version 8.0(3)
!
hostname ciscoasa
enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted
names
!
interface Ethernet0
 nameif outside
 security-level 0
 ip address 172.162.1.1 255.255.255.0

!--- Configure the outside interface.

!

interface Ethernet1
 nameif inside
 security-level 100
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

!--- Configure the inside interface.


passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted                                                      
ftp mode passive


access-list new extended permit ip 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0

!--- This access list (new) is used with the crypto map (outside_map) !--- in order to determine which traffic should be encrypted !--- and sent across the tunnel.



access-list policy-nat extended permit ip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0


!--- The policy-nat ACL is used with the static !--- command in order to match the VPN traffic for translation. 

pager lines 24
mtu outside 1500
mtu inside 1500
no failover
asdm image flash:/asdm-615.bin
no asdm history enable
arp timeout 14400


static (inside,outside) 192.168.2.0  access-list policy-nat

!--- It is a Policy NAT statement. !--- The static command with the access list (policy-nat), !--- which matches the VPN traffic and translates the source (192.168.1.0) to !--- 192.168.2.0 for outbound VPN traffic.


global (outside) 1 interface
nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0

!--- The previous statements PAT the Internet traffic !--- except for the VPN traffic that uses the IP address 172.17.1.1. 

route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.162.1.2 1



!--- Output is suppressed.



!--- PHASE 2 CONFIGURATION ---! !--- The encryption types for Phase 2 are defined here.


crypto ipsec transform-set CISCO esp-des esp-md5-hmac

!--- Define the transform set for Phase 2.

crypto map outside_map 20 match address new

!--- Define which traffic should be sent to the IPsec peer with the !--- access list (new). 

crypto map outside_map 20 set peer 172.162.1.2

!--- Sets the IPsec peer (remote end point)


crypto map outside_map 20 set transform-set CISCO

!--- Sets the IPsec transform set "CISCO" !--- to be used with the crypto map entry "outside_map"

crypto map outside_map interface outside

!--- Specifies the interface to be used with !--- the settings defined in this configuration !--- PHASE 1 CONFIGURATION ---! !--- This configuration uses isakmp policy 65535. !--- Policy 65535 is included in the configuration by default. !--- These configuration commands define the !--- Phase 1 policy parameters that are used.

crypto isakmp identity address
crypto isakmp enable outside
crypto isakmp policy 65535
 authentication pre-share
 encryption des
 hash md5
 group 2
 lifetime 86400

tunnel-group 172.162.1.2 type ipsec-l2l

!--- In order to create and manage the database of connection-specific records !--- for IPsec-L2L—IPsec (LAN-to-LAN) tunnels, use the tunnel-group !--- command in global configuration mode. !--- For L2L connections, the name of the tunnel group must be !--- the IP address of the IPsec peer (remote peer end).

tunnel-group 172.162.1.2 ipsec-attributes
 pre-shared-key *

!--- Enter the pre-shared key in order to configure the authentication method. 


telnet timeout 5
ssh timeout 5
console timeout 0
!
class-map inspection_default
 match default-inspection-traffic
!
!
policy-map global_policy
 class inspection_default
  inspect dns maximum-length 512
  inspect ftp
  inspect h323 h225
  inspect h323 ras
  inspect netbios
  inspect rsh
  inspect rtsp
  inspect skinny
  inspect esmtp
  inspect sqlnet
  inspect sunrpc
  inspect tftp
  inspect sip
  inspect xdmcp
!
service-policy global_policy global
Cryptochecksum:33e1e37cd1280d908210dac0cc26e706
: end

ASA-2
ASA-2#show running-config : Saved : ASA Version 8.0(3) ! hostname ASA-2 enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted names ! interface Ethernet0 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 172.162.1.2 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! !--- Output is suppressed. access-list new extended permit ip 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 !--- This access list (new) is used with the crypto map (outside_map) !--- in order to determine which traffic needs to be encrypted !--- and sent across the tunnel. access-list policy-nat extended permit ip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 !--- The policy-nat ACL is used with the static* !--- command in order to match the VPN traffic for translation.* pager lines 24 mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 no failover asdm image flash:/asdm-615.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 static (inside,outside) 192.168.3.0 access-list policy-nat !--- This is a Policy NAT statement. !--- The static command with the access list (policy-nat), !--- which matches the VPN traffic and translates the source (192.168.1.0) to !--- 192.168.3.0 for outbound VPN traffic. global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 !--- The previous statements PAT the Internet traffic !--- except the VPN traffic that uses the outside interface IP address. route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.162.1.2 1 !--- PHASE 2 CONFIGURATION ---! !--- The encryption types for Phase 2 are defined here. crypto ipsec transform-set CISCO esp-des esp-md5-hmac !--- Define the transform set for Phase 2. crypto map outside_map 20 match address new !--- Define which traffic needs to be sent to the IPsec peer. crypto map outside_map 20 set peer 172.162.1.1 !--- Sets the IPsec peer. crypto map outside_map 20 set transform-set CISCO !--- Sets the IPsec transform set "CISCO" !--- to be used with the crypto map entry "outside_map". crypto map outside_map interface outside !--- Specifies the interface to be used with !--- the settings defined in this configuration. !--- PHASE 1 CONFIGURATION ---! !--- This configuration uses isakmp policy 65535 !--- which is included in the configuration by default. !--- The configuration commands here define the !--- Phase 1 policy parameters that are used. crypto isakmp identity address crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 65535 authentication pre-share encryption des hash md5 group 2 lifetime 86400 !--- Output is suppressed. !--- In order to create and manage the database of connection-specific !--- records for IPsec-L2L—IPsec (LAN-to-LAN) tunnels, use the !--- tunnel-group command in global configuration mode. !--- For L2L connections, the name of the tunnel group must be !--- the IP address of the IPsec peer. tunnel-group 172.162.1.1 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group 172.162.1.1 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * !--- Enter the pre-shared key in order to configure the authentication method. prompt hostname context Cryptochecksum:6b505b4a05c1aee96a71e67c23e71865 : end

ASA-2

ASA-2#show running-config 
: Saved
:
ASA Version 8.0(3)
!
hostname ASA-2
enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted
names
!
interface Ethernet0
 nameif outside
 security-level 0
 ip address 172.162.1.2 255.255.255.0                                                
!
interface Ethernet1
 nameif inside
 security-level 100
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
!

!--- Output is suppressed.


access-list new extended permit ip 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0

!--- This access list (new) is used with the crypto map (outside_map) !--- in order to determine which traffic needs to be encrypted !--- and sent across the tunnel.



access-list policy-nat extended permit ip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0


!--- The policy-nat ACL is used with the static !--- command in order to match the VPN traffic for translation. 

pager lines 24
mtu outside 1500
mtu inside 1500
no failover
asdm image flash:/asdm-615.bin
no asdm history enable
arp timeout 14400



static (inside,outside) 192.168.3.0  access-list policy-nat

!--- This is a Policy NAT statement. !--- The static command with the access list (policy-nat), !--- which matches the VPN traffic and translates the source (192.168.1.0) to !--- 192.168.3.0 for outbound VPN traffic.

global (outside) 1 interface
nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0

!--- The previous statements PAT the Internet traffic !--- except the VPN traffic that uses the outside interface IP address. 



 
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.162.1.2 1

!--- PHASE 2 CONFIGURATION ---! !--- The encryption types for Phase 2 are defined here.


crypto ipsec transform-set CISCO esp-des esp-md5-hmac

!--- Define the transform set for Phase 2.



crypto map outside_map 20 match address new

!--- Define which traffic needs to be sent to the IPsec peer.


crypto map outside_map 20 set peer 172.162.1.1

!--- Sets the IPsec peer.


crypto map outside_map 20 set transform-set CISCO

!--- Sets the IPsec transform set "CISCO" !--- to be used with the crypto map entry "outside_map".


crypto map outside_map interface outside

 !--- Specifies the interface to be used with !--- the settings defined in this configuration. !--- PHASE 1 CONFIGURATION ---! !--- This configuration uses isakmp policy 65535 !--- which is included in the configuration by default. !--- The configuration commands here define the !--- Phase 1 policy parameters that are used.



crypto isakmp identity address
crypto isakmp enable outside
crypto isakmp policy 65535
 authentication pre-share
 encryption des
 hash md5
 group 2
 lifetime 86400


!--- Output is suppressed.



!--- In order to create and manage the database of connection-specific !--- records for IPsec-L2L—IPsec (LAN-to-LAN) tunnels, use the !--- tunnel-group  command in global configuration mode. !--- For L2L connections, the name of the tunnel group must be !--- the IP address of the IPsec peer.


tunnel-group 172.162.1.1 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group 172.162.1.1 ipsec-attributes
 pre-shared-key *

!--- Enter the pre-shared key in order to configure the authentication method. 


prompt hostname context
Cryptochecksum:6b505b4a05c1aee96a71e67c23e71865
: end

Verificación

Utilize esta sección para confirmar que su configuración funcione correctamente.

La herramienta Output Interpreter Tool (clientes registrados solamente) (OIT) soporta ciertos comandos show. Utilice el OIT para ver una análisis de la salida del comando show:

show crypto isakmp sa: muestra todas las asociaciones actuales de seguridad IKE (SA) de un par.
muestre IPSec crypto sa - Muestra las configuraciones usadas por los SA actuales.

comandos show de ASA-1

ASA-1#show crypto isakmp sa

   

Active SA: 1
    Rekey SA: 0 (A tunnel will report 1 Active and 1 Rekey SA during rekey)
Total IKE SA: 1

1   IKE Peer: 172.162.1.2
    Type    : L2L             Role    : initiator
    Rekey   : no              State   : MM_ACTIVE

ASA-1#show crypto ipsec sa
interface: outside
    Crypto map tag: outside_map, seq num: 20, local addr: 172.162.1.1

      access-list new permit ip 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 

255.255.2
5.0
      local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)
      remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (192.168.3.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)
      current_peer: 172.162.1.2

      #pkts encaps: 9, #pkts encrypt: 9, #pkts digest: 9
      #pkts decaps: 9, #pkts decrypt: 9, #pkts verify: 9
      #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
      #pkts not compressed: 9, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp failed: 0
      #pre-frag successes: 0, #pre-frag failures: 0, #fragments created: 0
      #PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0
      #send errors: 0, #recv errors: 0

      local crypto endpt.: 172.162.1.1, remote crypto endpt.: 172.162.1.2

      path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 58, media mtu 1500
      current outbound spi: 0BA6CD7E

    inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xFB4BD01A (4216049690)
         transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac none
         in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, }
         slot: 0, conn_id: 8192, crypto-map: outside_map
         sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (3824999/27738)
         IV size: 8 bytes
         replay detection support: Y
    outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x0BA6CD7E (195480958)
         transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac none
         in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, }
         slot: 0, conn_id: 8192, crypto-map: outside_map
         sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (3824999/27738)
         IV size: 8 bytes
         replay detection support: Y

ASA-1#show nat


NAT policies on Interface inside:
  match ip inside 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 outside 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0
    static translation to 192.168.2.0
    translate_hits = 12, untranslate_hits = 5
  match ip inside any outside any
    dynamic translation to pool 1 (172.162.1.1 [Interface PAT])
    translate_hits = 0, untranslate_hits = 0
  match ip inside any inside any
    dynamic translation to pool 1 (No matching global)
    translate_hits = 0, untranslate_hits = 0
  match ip inside any dmz any
    dynamic translation to pool 1 (No matching global)
    translate_hits = 0, untranslate_hits = 0

ASA-1#show xlate

1 in use, 1 most used
Global 192.168.2.0 Local 192.168.1.0

comandos show de ASA-2

ASA-2#show crypto ipsec sa

interface: outside
    Crypto map tag: outside_map, seq num: 20, local addr: 172.162.1.2

      access-list new permit ip 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0 

255.255.25
5.0
      local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (192.168.3.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)
      remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)
      current_peer: 172.162.1.1

      #pkts encaps: 9, #pkts encrypt: 9, #pkts digest: 9
      #pkts decaps: 9, #pkts decrypt: 9, #pkts verify: 9
      #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
      #pkts not compressed: 9, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp failed: 0
      #pre-frag successes: 0, #pre-frag failures: 0, #fragments created: 0
      #PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0
      #send errors: 0, #recv errors: 0

      local crypto endpt.: 172.162.1.2, remote crypto endpt.: 172.162.1.1

      path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 58, media mtu 1500
      current outbound spi: FB4BD01A

    inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0x0BA6CD7E (195480958)
         transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac none
         in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, }
         slot: 0, conn_id: 8192, crypto-map: outside_map
         sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4274999/26902)
         IV size: 8 bytes
         replay detection support: Y
    outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xFB4BD01A (4216049690)
         transform: esp-des esp-md5-hmac none
         in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, }
         slot: 0, conn_id: 8192, crypto-map: outside_map
         sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4274999/26902)
         IV size: 8 bytes
         replay detection support: Y

ASA-2#show crypto isakmp sa

Active SA: 1
    Rekey SA: 0 (A tunnel will report 1 Active and 1 Rekey SA during rekey)
Total IKE SA: 1

1   IKE Peer: 172.162.1.1
    Type    : L2L             Role    : responder
    Rekey   : no              State   : MM_ACTIVE

Troubleshooting

Borre las asociaciones de seguridad

Cuando usted Troubleshooting, esté seguro de borrar los SA existentes después de que usted realice un cambio. En el modo privilegiado del PIX, utilice estos comandos:

clear crypto ipsec sa - Borra el IPSec activo SA.
clear crypto isakmp sa - Borra el IKE activo SA.

Comandos para resolución de problemas

La herramienta del Output Interpreter (clientes registrados solamente) apoya los ciertos comandos show. Utilize el OIT para ver una análisis de la salida del comando show.

Nota: Consulte Información Importante sobre Comandos de Debug antes de usar un comando debug.