Este documento describe cómo configurar y depurar Secure Shell (SSH) en routers Cisco.
La imagen de Cisco o el paquete de software debe incluir soporte de criptografía para SSH. Los requisitos varían según la plataforma, la versión de software y el modelo de licencia.
La información de este documento se basa en el software Cisco IOS y Cisco IOS XE.
La información que contiene este documento se creó a partir de los dispositivos en un ambiente de laboratorio específico. Todos los dispositivos que se utilizan en este documento se pusieron en funcionamiento con una configuración verificada (predeterminada). Si tiene una red en vivo, asegúrese de entender el posible impacto de cualquier comando.
Topología SSH
Hay algunos pasos requeridos para habilitar el soporte básico SSH en un router Cisco:
1. Configure el nombre de host del router.
2. Cree una cuenta de usuario local para la autenticación SSH.
3. Configure el nombre de dominio DNS.
4. Habilite la versión SSH más alta soportada por la plataforma. Utilice SSH versión 2 cuando sea compatible.
5. Genere el par de claves RSA para SSH. Utilice el módulo RSA de mayor tamaño compatible con la plataforma y alineado con su política de seguridad.
6. Introduzca el modo de configuración de línea VTY.
7. Configure las líneas VTY para utilizar la base de datos de usuarios local o aaa para la autenticación.
8. Restrinja el acceso VTY al transporte SSH solamente.
El dispositivo de Cisco que actúa como servidor SSH requiere el nombre de host, el nombre de dominio, las claves RSA, la autenticación y la configuración VTY. Un dispositivo que sólo inicia sesiones SSH requiere soporte de cliente SSH y una ruta válida al servidor SSH.
Routert#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#username cisco privilege 15 secret C1sc0
R2(config)#ip domain name rtp.cisco.com
R2(config)#ip ssh version 2
R2(config)#crypto key generate rsa general-keys modulus 4096
R2(config)#line vty 0 4
R2(config-line)#login local
R2(config-line)#transport input ssh
R2(config-line)#end
Nota: Si no se utiliza login local, el comando aaa new-model hace que el nombre de usuario local y el secreto en el router se utilicen en ausencia de otras sentencias AAA.
Utilice esto como un comando de cliente SSH de ejemplo cuando pruebe desde otro router. Los algoritmos hmac y los cifrados compatibles pueden variar según la versión de software y la política SSH:
R3#ssh -v 2 -l cisco 10.20.20.20
Password:
R2>
La autenticación de clave pública RSA permite que un cliente SSH se autentique en un router o switch de Cisco sin enviar o confiar en una contraseña. El servidor SSH almacena la clave pública. El cliente SSH mantiene la clave privada coincidente. Durante el inicio de sesión, el cliente prueba que posee la clave privada firmando digitalmente los datos de autenticación. El servidor verifica esa firma con la clave pública configurada en el dispositivo. La clave privada permanece en el cliente y no se transmite por la red.
Beneficios
Complete estos pasos para configurar el servidor SSH para realizar la autenticación RSA basada en clave pública:
1. Configure el nombre de host del router.
2. Configure el nombre de dominio DNS.
3. Active AAA o configure el inicio de sesión local en line vty.
4. Genere el par de claves RSA que utiliza el servidor SSH.
5. Utilice la versión de SSH más alta admitida por la plataforma. Utilice SSHv2 cuando sea compatible.
6. Utilizar el módulo RSA más sólido que admita la plataforma y la política de seguridad. Se prefiere un módulo de 4096 bits cuando se admite y cuando el impacto en el rendimiento es aceptable.
7. Ingrese el modo de configuración de cadena de llave pública SSH.
8. Configure el nombre de usuario SSH que se permite autenticar con la autenticación de clave pública RSA.
9. Agregue la clave pública RSA del cliente SSH para ese nombre de usuario.
Nota: Puede generar su clave pública SSH desde su dispositivo Linux/macOS con el comando ssh-keygen, por ejemplo, ssh-keygen -m PEM -t rsa -b 1024 -f ~/.ssh/cisco1024 después puede leer la clave con el comando cat ~/.ssh/cisco1024.pub.
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#hostname RSA-PublicKey
RSA-PublicKey(config)#ip domain name rtp.cisco.com
RSA-PublicKey(config)#aaa new-model
RSA-PublicKey(config)#crypto key generate rsa modulus 4096
The name for the keys will be: RSA-PublicKey.rtp.cisco.com
% The key modulus size is 4096 bits
% Generating 4096 bit RSA keys, keys will be non-exportable...
[OK] (elapsed time was 4 seconds)
RSA-PublicKey(config)#ip ssh version 2
RSA-PublicKey(config)#ip ssh pubkey-chain
RSA-PublicKey(conf-ssh-pubkey)#username ciscoadmin
RSA-PublicKey(conf-ssh-pubkey-user)#key-string
RSA-PublicKey(conf-ssh-pubkey-data)#$QaVSyuVNw== user@MacBook-Pro
RSA-PublicKey(conf-ssh-pubkey-data)#end
RSA-PublicKey#
Al configurar SSH, asegúrese de que SSHv2 esté habilitado, ya que proporciona un cifrado más fiable y una seguridad significativamente mejor que SSHv1.
Router(config)#ip ssh version 2
Si usted desea prevenir conexiones no SSH, agregue el comando transport input ssh en las líneas para limitar el router a conexiones SSH solamente. Se rechaza Telnet recto (no SSH).
Router(config)#line vty 0 15
Router(config-line)#transport input ssh
Debe limitar la conectividad SSH a una subred específica donde se descartan todos los demás intentos de SSH de IP fuera de la subred.
Puede seguir estos pasos para hacer lo mismo:
Este es un ejemplo de configuración. En este ejemplo, sólo se permite el acceso SSH desde 10.10.10.0/24; el resto de las direcciones IP de origen son denegadas por la negación implícita al final de la ACL.
Router(config)#access-list 23 permit 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)#line vty 0 15
Router(config-line)#transport input ssh
Router(config-line)#access-class 23 in
Router(config-line)#exit
El resultado del comando banner varía entre Telnet y las diversas versiones de las conexiones de SSH. En esta tabla, se ilustra cómo funcionan las diferentes opciones del comando banner con varios tipos de conexiones.
| Opción del comando banner |
TELNET |
SSH v2 |
| banner login |
Aparece antes de iniciar sesión en el dispositivo. |
Aparece antes de iniciar sesión en el dispositivo. |
| banner motd |
Aparece antes de iniciar sesión en el dispositivo. |
Aparece después de iniciar sesión en el dispositivo. |
| banner exec |
Aparece después de iniciar sesión en el dispositivo. |
Aparece después de iniciar sesión en el dispositivo. |
Antes de ejecutar los comandosdebugque se describen aquí, consulte Información importante sobre comandos de depuración.
debug ip ssh - Habilite los mensajes de debug para SSH.
show ssh - Muestra el estado de las conexiones del servidor SSH.
RSA-PublicKey#show ssh
Connection Version Mode Encryption Hmac State Username
0 2.0 IN aes128-gcm@ohmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com Session started ciscoadmin
0 2.0 OUT aes128-gcm@ohmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com Session started ciscoadmin
show ip ssh - Muestra la versión y los datos de configuración para SSH.
RSA-PublicKey#show ip ssh
SSH Enabled - version 2.0
Authentication methods:publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
Authentication Publickey Algorithms:ssh-rsa,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519,x509v3-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,x509v3-ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,x509v3-ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512,x509v3-rsa2048-sha256
Hostkey Algorithms:rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
Encryption Algorithms:chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm,aes256-gcm,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr
MAC Algorithms:hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com
KEX Algorithms:curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512
Authentication timeout: 120 secs; Authentication retries: 3
ciscouser@CISCOUSER-M-R Desktop % ssh -i ~/.ssh/cisco1024 -v ciscoadmin@10.82.139.71
debug1: OpenSSH_10.2p1, LibreSSL 3.3.6
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/100-macos.conf
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/100-macos.conf line 1: Applying options for *
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/crypto.conf
debug1: Authenticator provider $SSH_SK_PROVIDER did not resolve; disabling
debug1: Connecting to 10.82.139.71 [10.82.139.71] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: loaded pubkey from /Users/ciscouser/.ssh/cisco1024: RSA SHA256:w5wW3BqX15fO5Qm+BP75tJ1YzaXNsDNeHLLNZTW+Roo
debug1: identity file /Users/ciscouser/.ssh/cisco1024 type 0
debug1: no identity pubkey loaded from /Users/ciscouser/.ssh/cisco1024
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_10.2
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version Cisco-1.25
debug1: compat_banner: match: Cisco-1.25 pat Cisco-1.* compat 0x60000000
debug1: Authenticating to 10.82.139.71:22 as 'ciscoadmin'
debug1: load_hostkeys: fopen /Users/ciscouser/.ssh/known_hosts2: No such file or directory
debug1: load_hostkeys: fopen /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts: No such file or directory
debug1: load_hostkeys: fopen /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2: No such file or directory
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug1: kex: algorithm: ecdh-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: rsa-sha2-512
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: aes128-gcm@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: aes128-gcm@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY received
debug1: Server host key: ssh-rsa SHA256:5wvYU0FIJQmz+eHACVJMvoaX3WSgXkyem/3tOgyOYuQ
debug1: load_hostkeys: fopen /Users/ciscouser/.ssh/known_hosts2: No such file or directory
debug1: load_hostkeys: fopen /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts: No such file or directory
debug1: load_hostkeys: fopen /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts2: No such file or directory
debug1: Host '10.82.139.71' is known and matches the RSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /Users/ciscouser/.ssh/known_hosts:2
debug1: rekey out after 4294967296 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug1: rekey in after 4294967296 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_ext_info_client_parse: server-sig-algs=<ssh-rsa,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519,x509v3-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,x509v3-ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,x509v3-ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512,x509v3-rsa2048-sha256>
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: get_agent_identities: bound agent to hostkey
debug1: get_agent_identities: ssh_fetch_identitylist: agent contains no identities
debug1: Will attempt key: /Users/ciscouser/.ssh/cisco1024 RSA SHA256:w5wW3BqX15fO5Qm+BP75tJ1YzaXNsDNeHLLNZTW+Roo explicit debug1: Offering public key: /Users/ciscouser/.ssh/cisco1024 RSA SHA256:w5wW3BqX15fO5Qm+BP75tJ1YzaXNsDNeHLLNZTW+Roo explicit debug1: Server accepts key: /Users/ciscouser/.ssh/cisco1024 RSA SHA256:w5wW3BqX15fO5Qm+BP75tJ1YzaXNsDNeHLLNZTW+Roo explicit Enter passphrase for key '/Users/ciscouser/.ssh/cisco1024': Authenticated to 10.82.139.71 ([10.82.139.71]:22) using "publickey".
debug1: channel 0: new session [client-session] (inactive timeout: 0)
debug1: Entering interactive session.
debug1: pledge: filesystem
debug1: Sending environment.
debug1: channel 0: setting env LANG = "C.UTF-8"
debug1: channel 0: setting env LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8"
RSA-PublicKey>en Password:
RSA-PublicKey#show version
Cisco IOS XE Software, Version 17.12.04
Cisco IOS Software [Dublin], ASR1000 Software (X86_64_LINUX_IOSD-UNIVERSALK9-M), Version 17.12.4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc3)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2024 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 23-Jul-24 09:43 by mcpre
Cisco IOS-XE software, Copyright (c) 2005-2024 by cisco Systems, Inc.
All rights reserved. Certain components of Cisco IOS-XE software are
licensed under the GNU General Public License ("GPL") Version 2.0. The
software code licensed under GPL Version 2.0 is free software that comes
with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. You can redistribute and/or modify such
GPL code under the terms of GPL Version 2.0. For more details, see the
documentation or "License Notice" file accompanying the IOS-XE software,
or the applicable URL provided on the flyer accompanying the IOS-XE
software.
ROM: 17.3(1r)
RSA-PublicKey uptime is 2 weeks, 2 days, 10 hours, 28 minutes
Uptime for this control processor is 2 weeks, 2 days, 10 hours, 30 minutes
System returned to ROM by Reload Command
System image file is "bootflash:asr1000-universalk9.17.12.04.SPA.bin"
Last reload reason: Reload Command
This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United
States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and
use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply
third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption.
Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for
compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you
agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable
to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.
A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found at:
http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html
If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email to
export@cisco.com.
License Type: Smart License is permanent
License Suite: AdvUCSuiteK9
Next reload License Suite: AdvUCSuiteK9
The current crypto throughput level is 20000000 kbps
Smart Licensing Status: Smart Licensing Using Policy
cisco ASR1001-HX (1SR) processor (revision 1SR) with 3684784K/6147K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID TKM20160032
Router operating mode: Autonomous
Crypto Hardware Module present
8 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
8 Ten Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
32768K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8388608K bytes of physical memory.
29401087K bytes of eUSB flash at bootflash:.
Configuration register is 0x2102
RSA-PublicKey#exit debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 Connection to 10.82.139.71 closed by remote host. Connection to 10.82.139.71 closed.
Transferred: sent 3640, received 6336 bytes, in 114.1 seconds
Bytes per second: sent 31.9, received 55.5
debug1: Exit status 0
RSA-PublicKey#show logging
Syslog logging: enabled (0 messages dropped, 3 messages rate-limited, 0 flushes, 0 overruns, xml disabled, filtering disabled)
No Active Message Discriminator.
No Inactive Message Discriminator.
Console logging: disabled
Monitor logging: level debugging, 0 messages logged, xml disabled,
filtering disabled
Buffer logging: level debugging, 617 messages logged, xml disabled,
filtering disabled
Exception Logging: size (4096 bytes)
Count and timestamp logging messages: disabled
Persistent logging: disabled
No active filter modules.
Trap logging: level informational, 161 message lines logged
Logging Source-Interface: VRF Name:
TLS Profiles:
Log Buffer (102400 bytes):
*Aug 22 06:05:51.736: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 36 bytes received
*Aug 22 06:05:58.163: SSH0: starting SSH control process
*Aug 22 06:05:58.163: SSH0: sent protocol version id SSH-2.0-Cisco-1.25
*Aug 22 06:05:58.165: SSH0: protocol version id is - SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_10.2
*Aug 22 06:05:58.165: SSH2 0:
ssh2_server_key_exchange: kexinit sent: kex algo = curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512
*Aug 22 06:05:58.165: SSH2 0: kexinit sent: hostkey algo = rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
*Aug 22 06:05:58.165: SSH2 0: kexinit sent: encryption algo = chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm,aes256-gcm,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr
*Aug 22 06:05:58.165: SSH2 0: kexinit sent: mac algo = hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com
*Aug 22 06:05:58.165: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 656 (length also includes padlen of 7)
*Aug 22 06:05:58.165: SSH2 0: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
*Aug 22 06:05:58.239: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 1300 bytes received
*Aug 22 06:05:58.239: SSH2 0: input: total packet length of 1568 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.239: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)8 bytes,
needed 1560 bytes, maclen 0
*Aug 22 06:05:58.239: SSH2 0: input: padlength 4 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.239: SSH2 0: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
*Aug 22 06:05:58.239: SSH2 0: kex: client->server enc:aes128-gcm@openssh.com mac:hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com
*Aug 22 06:05:58.239: SSH2 0: kex: server->client enc:aes128-gcm@openssh.com mac:hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com
*Aug 22 06:05:58.239: SSH2 0: Using kex_algo = ecdh-sha2-nistp256
*Aug 22 06:05:58.242: SSH2 0: kexecdh_server: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT
*Aug 22 06:05:58.312: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 80 bytes received
*Aug 22 06:05:58.312: SSH2 0: input: total packet length of 80 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.312: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)8 bytes,
needed 72 bytes, maclen 0
*Aug 22 06:05:58.312: SSH2 0: input: padlength 5 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.312: ssh2_calculate_modulus_length: modulus len 32
*Aug 22 06:05:58.312: SSH2 0: kexecdh_server: Calculated shared secret len 32
*Aug 22 06:05:58.333: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 1160 (length also includes padlen of 10)
*Aug 22 06:05:58.333: SSH2: kex_derive_keys complete
*Aug 22 06:05:58.333: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 16 (length also includes padlen of 10)
*Aug 22 06:05:58.333: SSH2 0: newkeys: mode 1
*Aug 22 06:05:58.333: SSH2: AES-GCM key initialized
*Aug 22 06:05:58.333: SSH2 0: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
*Aug 22 06:05:58.333: SSH2 0: Preparing SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO server-sig-algs<ssh-rsa,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-ed25519,x509v3-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,x509v3-ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,x509v3-ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512,x509v3-rsa2048-sha256>
*Aug 22 06:05:58.333: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 260 (length also includes padlen of 19)
*Aug 22 06:05:58.333: SSH2 0: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO sent
*Aug 22 06:05:58.333: SSH2 0: waiting for SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
*Aug 22 06:05:58.411: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 16 bytes received
*Aug 22 06:05:58.411: SSH2 0: input: total packet length of 16 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.411: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)8 bytes,
needed 8 bytes, maclen 0
*Aug 22 06:05:58.411: SSH2 0: input: padlength 10 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.411: SSH2 0: newkeys: mode 0
*Aug 22 06:05:58.411: SSH2: AES-GCM key initialized
*Aug 22 06:05:58.411: SSH2 0: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
*Aug 22 06:05:58.411: %SSH-5-SSH2_SESSION: SSH2 Session request from 10.189.3.9 (tty = 0) using crypto cipher 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', hmac 'hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com' Succeeded
*Aug 22 06:05:58.604: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 52 bytes received
*Aug 22 06:05:58.604: SSH2 0: input: total packet length of 36 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.604: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)16 bytes,
needed 32 bytes, maclen 0
*Aug 22 06:05:58.604: SSH2 0: input: padlength 14 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.604: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 36 (length also includes padlen of 14)
*Aug 22 06:05:58.604: SSH2 0: Authentications that can continue = publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
*Aug 22 06:05:58.677: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 68 bytes received
*Aug 22 06:05:58.677: SSH2 0: input: total packet length of 52 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.677: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)16 bytes,
needed 48 bytes, maclen 0
*Aug 22 06:05:58.677: SSH2 0: input: padlength 6 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.677: SSH2 0: Using method = none
*Aug 22 06:05:58.677: SSH2 0: Authentications that can continue = publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
*Aug 22 06:05:58.677: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 68 (length also includes padlen of 18)
*Aug 22 06:05:58.755: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 244 bytes received
*Aug 22 06:05:58.755: SSH2 0: input: total packet length of 228 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.755: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)16 bytes,
needed 224 bytes, maclen 0
*Aug 22 06:05:58.755: SSH2 0: input: padlength 5 bytes
*Aug 22 06:05:58.755: SSH2 0: Using method = publickey *Aug 22 06:05:58.755: SSH2 0: Received publickey algo = rsa-sha2-512 *Aug 22 06:05:58.755: SSH2 0: Got Publickey algo = 9 *Aug 22 06:05:58.755: SSH2 0: ssh2_validate_pubkey: Verifying pubkey blob is acceptable for 'ciscoadmin' in SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST
*Aug 22 06:05:58.755: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 196 (length also includes padlen of 19)
*Aug 22 06:05:58.755: SSH2 0: ssh2_validate_pubkey: Authenticating 'ciscoadmin' with method: publickey
*Aug 22 06:06:02.615: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 404 bytes received
*Aug 22 06:06:02.615: SSH2 0: input: total packet length of 388 bytes
*Aug 22 06:06:02.615: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)16 bytes,
needed 384 bytes, maclen 0
*Aug 22 06:06:02.615: SSH2 0: input: padlength 13 bytes
*Aug 22 06:06:02.615: SSH2 0: ssh2_verify_pubkey_sign: Verifying signature for user 'ciscoadmin' in SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST *Aug 22 06:06:02.615: SSH2 0: ssh2_blob_to_key: Got blob_public key ssh-rsa, blob_key_type 1, publickey_algo_type 9 *Aug 22 06:06:02.616: SSH2 0: ssh2_verify_pubkey_sign: Client Signature Verification PASSED
*Aug 22 06:06:02.616: SSH2 0: passed: Pubkey Authentication ssh2_authenticate_pubkey for user 'ciscoadmin'
*Aug 22 06:06:02.616: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 20 (length also includes padlen of 14)
*Aug 22 06:06:02.617: SSH2 0: authentication successful for ciscoadmin
*Aug 22 06:06:02.617: %SEC_LOGIN-5-LOGIN_SUCCESS: Login Success [user: ciscoadmin] [Source: 10.189.3.9] [localport: 22] at 06:06:02 UTC Fri Aug 22 2014 *Aug 22 06:06:02.617: %SSH-5-SSH2_USERAUTH: User 'ciscoadmin' authentication for SSH2 Session from 10.189.3.9 (tty = 0) using crypto cipher 'aes128-gcm@openssh.com', hmac 'hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com' Succeeded
*Aug 22 06:06:02.617: SSH: bulk-mode applying server configs
*Aug 22 06:06:02.617: SSH: bulk_mode applied server configs
En estas secciones, hay ejemplos de resultado de debug de varias configuraciones incorrectas.
Depuración de Router
*Jul 29 23:45:34.428: SSH2 0: input: padlength 9 bytes
*Jul 29 23:45:34.465: SSH0: password authentication failed for cisco
*Jul 29 23:45:36.465: SSH2 0: Authentications that can continue = publickey,keyboard-interactive,password
*Jul 29 23:45:36.465: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 60 (length also includes padlen of 10)
*Jul 29 23:45:39.444: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 64 bytes received
*Jul 29 23:45:39.444: SSH2 0: input: total packet length of 60 bytes
*Jul 29 23:45:39.444: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)8 bytes,
needed 56 bytes, maclen 0
*Jul 29 23:45:39.444: SSH2 0: input: padlength 5 bytes
*Jul 29 23:45:39.444: SSH2 0: Using method = password
*Jul 29 23:45:39.482: SSH0: password authentication failed for cisco *Jul 29 23:45:39.483: SSH0: AAA authentication fail reason: Password: *Jul 29 23:45:41.483: SSH2 0: authentication failed for userid (code=1) *Jul 29 23:45:41.484: %SSH-5-SSH2_USERAUTH: User '' authentication for SSH2 Session from 192.168.1.2 (tty = 0) using crypto cipher 'chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', hmac 'hmac-sha2-512' Failed *Jul 29 23:45:41.484: %SSH-5-SSH2_CLOSE: SSH2 Session from 192.168.1.2 (tty = 0) for user '' using crypto cipher 'chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com', hmac 'hmac-sha2-512' closed *Jul 29 23:45:41.584: SSH0: Session disconnected - error 0x09
Depuración de Router
R2#
*Jul 29 23:43:00.126: SSH0: starting SSH control process
*Jul 29 23:43:00.126: SSH0: sent protocol version id SSH-2.0-Cisco-1.25
*Jul 29 23:43:00.129: SSH0: protocol version id is - SSH-2.0-Cisco-1.25
*Jul 29 23:43:00.129: SSH2 0:
ssh2_server_key_exchange: kexinit sent: kex algo = curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com
*Jul 29 23:43:00.129: SSH2 0: Host-Key not configured. Skipping algo = ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
*Jul 29 23:43:00.129: SSH2 0: Host-Key not configured. Skipping algo = ecdsa-sha2-nistp384
*Jul 29 23:43:00.129: SSH2 0: Host-Key not configured. Skipping algo = ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
*Jul 29 23:43:00.129: SSH2 0: kexinit sent: hostkey algo = rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256
*Jul 29 23:43:00.129: SSH2 0: kexinit sent: encryption algo = chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm,aes256-gcm,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr
*Jul 29 23:43:00.130: SSH2 0: kexinit sent: mac algo = hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512
*Jul 29 23:43:00.130: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 736 (length also includes padlen of 10)
*Jul 29 23:43:00.130: SSH2 0: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
*Jul 29 23:43:00.131: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 64 bytes received
*Jul 29 23:43:00.131: SSH2 0: input: total packet length of 424 bytes
*Jul 29 23:43:00.131: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)8 bytes,
needed 416 bytes, maclen 0
*Jul 29 23:43:00.131: SSH2 0: input: padlength 10 bytes
*Jul 29 23:43:00.131: SSH2 0: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
*Jul 29 23:43:00.131: SSH2 0: strict kex is enabled
*Jul 29 23:43:00.131: %SSH-3-NO_MATCH: No matching cipher found: client 3des-cbc server chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm,aes256-gcm,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr *Jul 29 23:43:00.131: %SSH-5-SSH2_SESSION: SSH2 Session request from 192.168.1.2 (tty = 0) using crypto cipher '', hmac '' Failed *Jul 29 23:43:00.131: %SSH-5-SSH2_CLOSE: SSH2 Session from 192.168.1.2 (tty = 0) for user '' using crypto cipher '', hmac '' closed *Jul 29 23:43:00.232: SSH0: Session disconnected - error 0x07
Depuración de Router
R2#
*Jul 29 23:36:06.824: %SYS-4-LOG_CLEARED: Logging buffer was cleared by user Unknown
*Jul 29 23:36:11.418: SSH0: starting SSH control process
*Jul 29 23:36:11.418: SSH0: sent protocol version id SSH-2.0-Cisco-1.25
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH0: protocol version id is - SSH-2.0-Cisco-1.25
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0:
ssh2_server_key_exchange: kexinit sent: kex algo = curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,kex-strict-s-v00@openssh.com
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: Host-Key not configured. Skipping algo = ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: Host-Key not configured. Skipping algo = ecdsa-sha2-nistp384
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: Host-Key not configured. Skipping algo = ecdsa-sha2-nistp521
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: kexinit sent: hostkey algo = rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: kexinit sent: encryption algo = chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm,aes256-gcm,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: kexinit sent: mac algo = hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: send:packet of length 736 (length also includes padlen of 10)
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 64 bytes received
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: input: total packet length of 416 bytes
*Jul 29 23:36:11.421: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)8 bytes,
needed 408 bytes, maclen 0
*Jul 29 23:36:11.422: SSH2 0: ssh_receive: 64 bytes received
*Jul 29 23:36:11.422: SSH2 0: partial packet length(block_size)8 bytes,
needed 408 bytes, maclen 0
*Jul 29 23:36:11.422: SSH2 0: input: padlength 6 bytes
*Jul 29 23:36:11.422: SSH2 0: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
*Jul 29 23:36:11.423: SSH2 0: strict kex is enabled
*Jul 29 23:36:11.423: %SSH-3-NO_MATCH: No matching mac found: client hmac-sha1 server hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512 *Jul 29 23:36:11.423: %SSH-5-SSH2_SESSION: SSH2 Session request from 192.168.1.2 (tty = 0) using crypto cipher '', hmac '' Failed *Jul 29 23:36:11.423: %SSH-5-SSH2_CLOSE: SSH2 Session from 192.168.1.2 (tty = 0) for user '' using crypto cipher '', hmac '' closed *Jul 29 23:36:11.523: SSH0: Session disconnected - error 0x07
Un cambio en el nombre de dominio o el nombre de host puede activar este mensaje de error. Pruebe estas soluciones alternativas:
Ponga en cero las llaves RSA y vuelva a generar las llaves.
crypto key zeroize rsa label <key-name> crypto key generate rsa label <key-name> modulus <key-size>
Si la solución temporal anterior no funciona, intente estos pasos:
Ponga en cero todas las llaves RSA.
Recargue el dispositivo.
Cree llaves nuevas etiquetadas para SSH.
Si los comandos de configuración de SSH se rechazan como comandos ilegales, usted no ha generado correctamente un par de llaves RSA para el router. Asegúrese de haber especificado un nombre de host y un dominio. Luego use el comandocrypto key generate rsapara generar pares de claves RSA y habilitar el servidor SSH.
Al configurar pares de claves RSA, pueden aparecer estos mensajes de error:
"No se especificó nombre de host".
Debe utilizar el comando de configuración global hostname para configurar un nombre de host para el router.
"No se especificó ningún dominio".
Debe utilizar el comando de configuración global ip domain name para configurar un dominio de host para el router.
El número de conexiones SSH permitidas está limitado al número máximo de conexiones vty configuradas para el router. Cada conexión SSH utiliza un vty recurso.
SSH utiliza la seguridad local o el protocolo de seguridad configurado a través de AAA en su router para la autenticación de usuarios. Al configurar AAA, debe asegurarse de que la consola no se ejecute en AAA. Aplique una palabra clave en el modo de configuración global para deshabilitar AAA en la consola.
El comando show ssh muestra las sesiones SSH activas. El mensaje %No SSHv2 server connections running significa que actualmente no hay sesiones SSHv2 activas. Utilice show ip ssh para verificar el estado y la configuración del servidor SSH. Si ya ha configurado SSH, se recomienda que vuelva a configurar el servidor SSH en el dispositivo. Complete estos pasos para volver a configurar el servidor SSH en el dispositivo.
2. Vuelva a configurar el nombre de host y el nombre de dominio del dispositivo con los comandos hostname <nombre> y ip domain name <dominio>.
3. Genere pares de claves RSA para su router con el comando crypto key generate rsa. Esto activa SSH automáticamente.
4. Habilite SSH versión 2, con el comando ip ssh version 2, Si no especifica otros parámetros SSH, se utilizan los valores predeterminados.
| Revisión | Fecha de publicación | Comentarios |
|---|---|---|
6.0 |
30-Jul-2026
|
Recertificación |
4.0 |
06-Dec-2024
|
Actualización de requisitos de marca y formato. |
3.0 |
09-Aug-2023
|
Aviso legal actualizado, texto alternativo y formato. |
1.0 |
10-Sep-2001
|
Versión inicial |