OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) es un protocolo de ruteo para IP. Es un protocolo de estado de link, en contraposición a un protocolo de vector de distancia. Un protocolo de estado de link toma decisiones de ruteo basadas en los estados de los links que conectan las máquinas de origen y destino. El estado de un link es una descripción de esa interfaz y la relación con sus dispositivos de red vecinos. La información de la interfaz incluye el prefijo IPv6 de la interfaz, la máscara de red, el tipo de red a la que está conectado, los routers conectados a esa red, etc. Esta información se propaga en varios tipos de anuncios de estado de link (LSA).
La versión 3 de OSPF, que se describe en RFC 2740, admite IPv6.
Antes de habilitar OSPF para IPv6 en una interfaz, debe realizar lo siguiente:
Complete la estrategia de red OSPF y la planificación para su red IPv6. Por ejemplo, debe decidir si se necesitan varias áreas.
Habilite el ruteo unidifusión IPv6.
Habilite IPv6 en la interfaz.
Configure la interfaz de programa de aplicación de socket seguro (API) de seguridad IP (IPsec) en OSPF para IPv6 para habilitar la autenticación y el cifrado.
Este documento no tiene restricciones específicas en cuanto a versiones de software y de hardware.
The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.
En esta sección encontrará la información para configurar las funciones descritas en este documento.
Nota: Use la Command Lookup Tool (sólo clientes registrados) para obtener más información sobre los comandos utilizados en este documento.
En este documento, se utiliza esta configuración de red:
Esta es la configuración de OSPFv3 para los routers que se muestran en el diagrama:
Router Stub |
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ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef ! interface serial 0/0 no ip address ipv6 enable ipv6 address 2001:ABAB::/64 eui-64 ipv6 ospf 1 area 2 ! ipv6 router ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 area 2 stub ! |
Router ABR1 |
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ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address speed auto ipv6 address 2003::1/124 ipv6 enable ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 ! interface Serial0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2002:ABAB::/64 eui-64 ipv6 enable ipv6 ospf 1 area 2 ! ipv6 router ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 area 2 stub no-summary ! |
Router ASBR |
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ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2003::2/124 ipv6 enable ipv6 ospf 1 area 0 ! interface Serial0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2003::1:1/124 ipv6 enable ipv6 rip EXT enable ! ipv6 router ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 default-metric 25 redistribute rip EXT metric-type 1 include-connected ! ipv6 router rip EXT redistribute ospf 1 match internal external 1 external 2 include-connected ! |
Router externo |
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ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef ! interface Loopback0 no ip address ipv6 address 2004:ABAB::/64 eui-64 ipv6 enable ipv6 rip EXT enable ! interface Serial0/0 no ip address ipv6 address 2003::1:2/124 ipv6 enable ipv6 rip EXT enable ! ipv6 router rip EXT |
Use esta sección para confirmar que su configuración funciona correctamente.
La herramienta Output Interpreter Tool (clientes registrados solamente) (OIT) soporta ciertos comandos show. Utilice la OIT para ver un análisis del resultado del comando show.
El comando show ipv6 ospf database muestra la Base de datos de estado de link (LSDB) del router.
Stub_Router#show ipv6 ospf database OSPFv3 Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 2) ADV Router Age Seq# Fragment ID Link count Bits 1.1.1.1 885 0x80000007 0 1 B 3.3.3.3 919 0x80000008 0 1 None Inter Area Prefix Link States (Area 2) ADV Router Age Seq# Prefix 1.1.1.1 373 0x80000002 ::/0 Link (Type-8) Link States (Area 2) ADV Router Age Seq# Link ID Interface 1.1.1.1 964 0x80000006 5 Se0/0 3.3.3.3 1165 0x80000006 5 Se0/0 Intra Area Prefix Link States (Area 2) ADV Router Age Seq# Link ID Ref-lstype Ref-LSID 1.1.1.1 964 0x80000005 0 0x2001 0 3.3.3.3 1172 0x80000005 0 0x2001 0
El comando show ipv6 ospf database router self-originate muestra los LSA del router donde se origina y recibe el router. Los LSA del router no llevan información de dirección o prefijo.
Stub_Router# OSPFv3 Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 1) Router Link States (Area 2) Routing Bit Set on this LSA LS age: 753 Options: (V6-Bit R-bit DC-Bit) LS Type: Router Links Link State ID: 0 Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1 LS Seq Number: 80000007 Checksum: 0xFCA4 Length: 40 Area Border Router Number of Links: 1 Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point) Link Metric: 64 Local Interface ID: 5 Neighbor Interface ID: 5 Neighbor Router ID: 3.3.3.3 LS age: 791 Options: (V6-Bit R-bit DC-Bit) LS Type: Router Links Link State ID: 0 Advertising Router: 3.3.3.3 LS Seq Number: 80000008 Checksum: 0x178A Length: 40 Number of Links: 1 Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point) Link Metric: 64 Local Interface ID: 5 Neighbor Interface ID: 5 Neighbor Router ID: 1.1.1.1
Los LSA llevan un campo Options que tiene estos bits:
Bit V6: indica si el router/link se debe utilizar en el cálculo de ruteo.
Bit R: es el "bit del router". Indica si el originador es un router activo.
Bit DC: indica el manejo del router del circuito de demanda.
El comando show ipv6 ospf database link self-originate muestra que los LSA de link llevan direcciones específicas de link.
Stub_Router#show ipv6 ospf database link self-originate OSPFv3 Router with ID (3.3.3.3) (Process ID 1) Link (Type-8) Link States (Area 2) LS age: 627 Options: (V6-Bit R-bit DC-Bit) LS Type: Link-LSA (Interface: Serial0/0) Link State ID: 5 (Interface ID) Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1 LS Seq Number: 80000006 Checksum: 0x215C Length: 56 Router Priority: 1 Link Local Address: FE80::D20E:16FF:FE50:0 Number of Prefixes: 1 Prefix Address: 2002:ABAB:: Prefix Length: 64, Options: None LS age: 828 Options: (V6-Bit R-bit DC-Bit) LS Type: Link-LSA (Interface: Serial0/0) Link State ID: 5 (Interface ID) Advertising Router: 3.3.3.3 LS Seq Number: 80000006 Checksum: 0xB4C2 Length: 56 Router Priority: 1 Link Local Address: FE80::D20D:16FF:FE50:0 Number of Prefixes: 1 Prefix Address: 2001:ABAB:: Prefix Length: 64, Options: None
Debido a que el Router Stub pertenece a un Área Totalmente Astuta, el Router ABR1 envía solamente la ruta predeterminada al Router Stub.
Stub_Router# show ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 6 entries Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP U - Per-user Static route I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2 ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2 OI ::/0 [110/65] via FE80::D20E:16FF:FE50:0, Serial0/0 C 2001:ABAB::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0 L 2001:ABAB::D20D:16FF:FE50:0/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0 O 2002:ABAB::/64 [110/128] via FE80::D20E:16FF:FE50:0, Serial0/0 L FE80::/10 [0/0] via ::, Null0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0
El router ABR1 es el router de borde de área.
ABR1# show ipv6 ospf Routing Process "ospfv3 1" with ID 1.1.1.1 It is an area border router SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs LSA group pacing timer 240 secs Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs Number of external LSA 2. Checksum Sum 0x00A1E0 Number of areas in this router is 2. 1 normal 1 stub 0 nssa Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps Area BACKBONE(0) Number of interfaces in this area is 1 SPF algorithm executed 5 times Number of LSA 8. Checksum Sum 0x052E71 Number of DCbitless LSA 0 Number of indication LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 Flood list length 0 Area 2 Number of interfaces in this area is 1 It is a stub area, no summary LSA in this area generates stub default route with cost 1 SPF algorithm executed 6 times Number of LSA 7. Checksum Sum 0x042237 Number of DCbitless LSA 0 Number of indication LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 Flood list length 0
El router ABR1 recibe rutas externas (rutas RIP) del router ASBR.
ABR1# show ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 9 entries Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP U - Per-user Static route I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2 ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2 O 2001:ABAB::/64 [110/128] via FE80::D20D:16FF:FE50:0, Serial0/0 C 2002:ABAB::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0 L 2002:ABAB::D20E:16FF:FE50:0/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0 C 2003::/124 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L 2003::1/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 OE1 2003::1:0/124 [110/26] via FE80::D20F:BFF:FE24:0, FastEthernet0/0 OE1 2004:ABAB::/64 [110/26] via FE80::D20F:BFF:FE24:0, FastEthernet0/0 L FE80::/10 [0/0] via ::, Null0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0
El router ASBR es el router de límite del sistema autónomo para la red. Se conecta a la red RIP a través de la interfaz Serial 0/0.
ASBR# show ipv6 ospf Routing Process "ospfv3 1" with ID 2.2.2.2 It is an autonomous system boundary router Redistributing External Routes (with default metric 25) from, rip with metric-type 1 include-connected SPF schedule delay 5 secs, Hold time between two SPFs 10 secs Minimum LSA interval 5 secs. Minimum LSA arrival 1 secs LSA group pacing timer 240 secs Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs Number of external LSA 2. Checksum Sum 0x00A1E0 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps Area BACKBONE(0) Number of interfaces in this area is 1 SPF algorithm executed 2 times Number of LSA 8. Checksum Sum 0x052E71 Number of DCbitless LSA 0 Number of indication LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge LSA 0 Flood list length 0 ASBR# show ipv6 rip RIP process "EXT", port 521, multicast-group FF02::9, pid 156 Administrative distance is 120. Maximum paths is 16 Updates every 30 seconds, expire after 180 Holddown lasts 0 seconds, garbage collect after 120 Split horizon is on; poison reverse is off Default routes are not generated Periodic updates 69, trigger updates 6 Interfaces: Serial0/0 Redistribution: Redistributing protocol ospf 1 include-connected
Use esta sección para resolver problemas de configuración.
Nota: Consulte Información Importante sobre Comandos Debug antes de utilizar los comandos debug.
debug ipv6
Tan pronto como OSPFv3 se habilita en el router Stub, envía mensajes Hello tipo 1 de OSPFv3 a la dirección multicast FF02::5. Una vez que recibe paquetes Hello del router ABR1, negocian la relación Master/Slave y luego comienzan a enviar paquetes DBD.
Stub_Router#debug ipv6 ospf events Stub_Router# debug ipv6 ospf packet *Mar 1 00:14:20.999: OSPFv3: rcv. v:3 t:1 l:36 rid:1.1.1.1 aid:0.0.0.2 chk:142A inst:0 from Serial0/0 *Mar 1 00:14:21.023: OSPFv3: rcv. v:3 t:2 l:28 rid:1.1.1.1 aid:0.0.0.2 chk:EB8A inst:0 from Serial0/0 *Mar 1 00:14:21.027: OSPFv3: rcv. v:3 t:1 l:40 rid:1.1.1.1 aid:0.0.0.2 chk:E1C inst:0 from Serial0/0 *Mar 1 00:14:21.027: OSPFv3: 2 Way Communication to 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0, state 2WAY *Mar 1 00:14:21.027: OSPFv3: Send DBD to 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 seq 0x1737 opt 0x0011 flag 0x7 len 28 *Mar 1 00:14:21.031: OSPFv3: Rcv DBD from 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 seq 0x2402 opt 0x0011 flag 0x7 len 28 mtu 1500 state EXSTART *Mar 1 00:14:21.031: OSPFv3: First DBD and we are not SLAVE *Mar 1 00:14:21.035: OSPFv3: rcv. v:3 t:2 l:88 rid:1.1.1.1 aid:0.0.0.2 chk:5CF3 inst:0 from Serial0/0 *Mar 1 00:14:21.039: OSPFv3: Rcv DBD from 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 seq 0x1737 opt 0x0011 flag 0x2 len 88 mtu 1500 state EXSTART *Mar 1 00:14:21.039: OSPFv3: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the MASTER *Mar 1 00:14:21.039: OSPFv3: Send DBD to 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 seq 0x1738 opt 0x0011 flag 0x3 len 88 *Mar 1 00:14:21.043: OSPFv3: rcv. v:3 t:2 l:28 rid:1.1.1.1 aid:0.0.0.2 chk:F85B inst:0 from Serial0/0 *Mar 1 00:14:21.047: OSPFv3: Rcv DBD from 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 seq 0x1738 opt 0x0011 flag 0x0 len 28 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE *Mar 1 00:14:21.047: OSPFv3: Send DBD to 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 seq 0x1739 opt 0x0011 flag 0x1 len 28Send LS REQ to 1.1.1.1 length 36 LSA count 3 *Mar 1 00:14:21.051: OSPFv3: rcv. v:3 t:3 l:52 rid:1.1.1.1 aid:0.0.0.2 chk:C326 inst:0 from Serial0/0 *Mar 1 00:14:21.055: OSPFv3: rcv. v:3 t:2 l:28 rid:1.1.1.1 aid:0.0.0.2 chk:F85A inst:0 from Serial0/0
Una vez que se intercambian los paquetes DBD, los routers envían mensajes de solicitud de estado de link (LS REQ) y actualización de estado de link (LS UPD) para generar su LSDB. Después de sucesivos mensajes LS REQ y LS UPD, y cuando el estado alcanza FULL, los routers continúan intercambiando paquetes Hello.
Stub_Router# *Mar 1 00:14:21.055: OSPFv3: rcv. v:3 t:4 l:144 rid:1.1.1.1 aid:0.0.0.2 chk:58BC inst:0 from Serial0/0Rcv LS REQ from 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 length 52 LSA count 3Send UPD to 131.88.101.156 on Serial0/0 length 128 LSA count 3 *Mar 1 00:14:21.059: OSPFv3: Rcv DBD from 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 seq 0x1739 opt 0x0011 flag 0x0 len 28 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE *Mar 1 00:14:21.063: OSPFv3: Exchange Done with 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0Rcv LS UPD from 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 length 144 LSA count 3 *Mar 1 00:14:21.067: OSPFv3: Synchronized with 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0, state FULL *Mar 1 00:14:21.067: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done *Mar 1 00:14:21.687: OSPFv3: rcv. v:3 t:4 l:60 rid:1.1.1.1 aid:0.0.0.2 chk:66EB inst:0 from Serial0/0Rcv LS UPD from 1.1.1.1 on Serial0/0 length 60 LSA count 1 *Mar 1 00:14:23.683: OSPFv3: rcv. v:3 t:5 l:96 rid:1.1.1.1 aid:0.0.0.2 chk:4BB5 inst:0 from Serial0/0