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This chapter contains these sections:
Mobility, or roaming, is a wireless LAN client’s ability to maintain its association seamlessly from one access point to another securely and with as little latency as possible. This section explains how mobility works when controllers are included in a wireless network.
When a wireless client associates and authenticates to an access point, the access point’s controller places an entry for that client in its client database. This entry includes the client’s MAC and IP addresses, security context and associations, quality of service (QoS) contexts, the WLAN, and the associated access point. The controller uses this information to forward frames and manage traffic to and from the wireless client. Figure 15-1 shows a wireless client that roams from one access point to another when both access points are joined to the same controller.
Figure 15-1 Intra-Controller Roaming
When the wireless client moves its association from one access point to another, the controller simply updates the client database with the newly associated access point. If necessary, new security context and associations are established as well.
The process becomes more complicated, however, when a client roams from an access point joined to one controller to an access point joined to a different controller. It also varies based on whether the controllers are operating on the same subnet. Figure 15-2 shows inter-controller roaming, which occurs when the controllers’ wireless LAN interfaces are on the same IP subnet.
Figure 15-2 Inter-Controller Roaming
When the client associates to an access point joined to a new controller, the new controller exchanges mobility messages with the original controller, and the client database entry is moved to the new controller. New security context and associations are established if necessary, and the client database entry is updated for the new access point. This process remains transparent to the user.
Note All clients configured with 802.1X/Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) security complete a full authentication in order to comply with the IEEE standard.
Figure 15-3 shows inter-subnet roaming, which occurs when the controllers’ wireless LAN interfaces are on different IP subnets.
Figure 15-3 Inter-Subnet Roaming
Inter-subnet roaming is similar to inter-controller roaming in that the controllers exchange mobility messages on the client roam. However, instead of moving the client database entry to the new controller, the original controller marks the client with an “Anchor” entry in its own client database. The database entry is copied to the new controller client database and marked with a “Foreign” entry in the new controller. The roam remains transparent to the wireless client, and the client maintains its original IP address.
In inter-subnet roaming, WLANs on both anchor and foreign controllers need to have the same network access privileges and no source-based routing or source-based firewalls in place. Otherwise, the clients may have network connectivity issues after the handoff.
Note If a client roams in web authentication state, the client is considered as a new client on another controller instead of considering it as a mobile client.
Note Seamless mobility is not supported for native IPv6 clients if the interface is untagged.
A mobility group is a set of controllers, identified by the same mobility group name, that defines the realm of seamless roaming for wireless clients. By creating a mobility group, you can enable multiple controllers in a network to dynamically share information and forward data traffic when inter-controller or inter-subnet roaming occurs. Controllers in the same mobility group can share the context and state of client devices as well as their list of access points so that they do not consider each other’s access points as rogue devices. With this information, the network can support inter-controller wireless LAN roaming and controller redundancy. Figure 15-4 shows an example of a mobility group.
Note Controllers do not have to be of the same model to be a member of a mobility group. Mobility groups can be comprised of any combination of controller platforms.
Figure 15-4 Single Mobility Group
As shown above, each controller is configured with a list of the other members of the mobility group. Whenever a new client joins a controller, the controller sends out a unicast message (or multicast message if mobility multicast is configured) to all of the controllers in the mobility group. The controller to which the client was previously connected passes on the status of the client.
Note Controller software release 5.1 or later releases support up to 24 controllers in a single mobility group. The number of access points supported in a mobility group is bound by the number of controllers and controller types in the group.
1. A 4404-100 controller supports up to 100 access points. Therefore, a mobility group that consists of 24 4404-100 controllers supports up to 2400 access points (24 * 100 = 2400 access points).
2. A 4402-25 controller supports up to 25 access points, and a 4402-50 controller supports up to 50 access points. Therefore, a mobility group that consists of 12 4402-25 controllers and 12 4402-50 controllers supports up to 900 access points (12 * 25 + 12 * 50 = 300 + 600 = 900 access points).
Mobility groups enable you to limit roaming between different floors, buildings, or campuses in the same enterprise by assigning different mobility group names to different controllers within the same wireless network. Figure 15-5 shows the results of creating distinct mobility group names for two groups of controllers.
Figure 15-5 Two Mobility Groups
The controllers in the ABC mobility group share access point and client information with each other. The controllers in the ABC mobility group do not share the access point or client information with the XYZ controllers, which are in a different mobility group. Likewise, the controllers in the XYZ mobility group do not share access point or client information with the controllers in the ABC mobility group. This feature ensures mobility group isolation across the network.
Every controller maintains information about its peer controllers in a mobility list. Controllers can communicate across mobility groups and clients may roam between access points in different mobility groups if the controllers are included in each other’s mobility lists. In the following example, controller 1 can communicate with either controller 2 or 3, but controller 2 and controller 3 can communicate only with controller 1 and not with each other. Similarly, clients can roam between controller 1 and controller 2 or between controller 1 and controller 3 but not between controller 2 and controller 3.
Note Controller software release 5.1 or later releases support up to 72 controllers in a controller’s mobility list. The support for 24 controllers in a mobility group has been the same across all releases.
The controller supports seamless roaming across multiple mobility groups. During seamless roaming, the client maintains its IP address across all mobility groups; however, Cisco Centralized Key Management (CCKM) and public key cryptography (PKC) are supported only for inter-mobility-group roaming. When a client crosses a mobility group boundary during a roam, the client is fully authenticated, but the IP address is maintained, and mobility tunneling is initiated for Layer 3 roaming.
Note Controller software release 5.0 release supports up to 48 controllers in a mobility list.
If it is possible for a wireless client in your network to roam from an access point joined to one controller to an access point joined to another controller, but both controllers should be in the same mobility group.
The controller provides inter-subnet mobility for clients by sending mobility messages to other member controllers. In controller software release 5.0 or later releases, two improvements have been made to mobility messaging, each of which is especially useful when sending messages to the full list of mobility members:
In controller software releases prior to 5.0, the controller sends all mobility messages using unicast mode, which requires sending a copy of the messages to every mobility member. This behavior is not efficient because many messages (such as Mobile Announce, PMK Update, AP List Update, and IDS Shun) are meant for all members in the group. In controller software release 5.0 or later releases, the controller may be configured to use multicast to send the Mobile Announce messages. This behavior allows the controller to send only one copy of the message to the network, which destines it to the multicast group that contains all the mobility members. To derive the maximum benefit from multicast messaging, we recommend that it be enabled on all group members.
In controller software releases prior to 4.2, mobility between controllers in the same mobility group does not work if one of the controllers is behind a network address translation (NAT) device. This behavior creates a problem for the guest anchor feature where one controller is expected to be outside the firewall.
Mobility message payloads carry IP address information about the source controller. This IP address is validated with the source IP address of the IP header. This behavior is a problem when a NAT device is introduced in the network because it changes the source IP address in the IP header. In the guest WLAN feature, any mobility packet, that is being routed through a NAT device is dropped because of the IP address mismatch.
In controller software release 4.2 or later releases, the mobility group lookup is changed to use the MAC address of the source controller. Because the source IP address is changed due to the mapping in the NAT device, the mobility group database is searched before a reply is sent to get the IP address of the requesting controller. This process is done using the MAC address of the requesting controller.
When configuring the mobility group in a network where NAT is enabled, enter the IP address that is sent to the controller from the NAT device rather than the controller’s management interface IP address. Also, make sure that the following ports are open on the firewall if you are using a firewall such as PIX:
Note Client mobility among controllers works only if auto-anchor mobility (also called guest tunneling) or symmetric mobility tunneling is enabled. Asymmetric tunneling is not supported when mobility controllers are behind the NAT device. See the “Configuring Auto-Anchor Mobility” and “Using Symmetric Mobility Tunneling” sections for details on these mobility options.
Figure 15-6 shows an example mobility group configuration with a NAT device. In this example, all packets pass through the NAT device (that is, packets from the source to the destination and vice versa). Figure 15-7 shows an example mobility group configuration with two NAT devices. In this example, one NAT device is used between the source and the gateway, and the second NAT device is used between the destination and the gateway.
Figure 15-6 Mobility Group Configuration with One NAT Device
Figure 15-7 Mobility Group Configuration with Two NAT Devices
This section describes how to configure controller mobility groups through either the GUI or the CLI.
Note You can also configure mobility groups using the Cisco Wireless Control System (WCS). See the Cisco Wireless Control System Configuration Guide for instructions.
Before you add controllers to a mobility group, you must verify that the following requirements have been met for all controllers that are to be included in the group:
Note You can verify IP connectivity by pinging the controllers.
Note Mobility control packets can use any interface address as the source, based on routing table. It is recommended that all controllers in the mobility group should have the management interface in the same subnet. A topology where one controller's management interface and other controller's dynamic interface are on same subnet not recommended for seamless mobility.
Note The mobility group name is generally set at deployment time through the Startup Wizard. However, you can change it if necessary through the Default Mobility Domain Name text box on the Controller > General page. The mobility group name is case sensitive.
Note For the Cisco WiSM, both controllers should be configured with the same mobility group name for seamless routing among 300 access points.
Note If one controller in the mobility group is configured for preferred call configuration, other controllers in the mobility group must also be configured with the same preferred call configuration.
Note If you inadvertently configure a controller that runs software release 5.2 or later releases with a failover controller that runs a different software release (such as 4.2, 5.0, or 5.1), the access point might take a long time to join the failover controller because the access point starts the discovery process in CAPWAP and then changes to LWAPP discovery.
Note If necessary, you can change the virtual interface IP address by editing the virtual interface name on the Controller > Interfaces page. See “Configuring Ports and Interfaces,” for more information on the controller’s virtual interface.
Note If all the controllers within a mobility group are not using the same virtual interface, inter-controller roaming may appear to work, but the handoff does not complete, and the client loses connectivity for a period of time.
Note You can find the MAC and IP addresses of the other controllers to be included in the mobility group on the Controller > Mobility Groups page of each controller’s GUI.
Table 15-1 lists the protocols and port numbers that must be used for management and operational purposes:
Note You cannot perform port address translation (PAT) on the firewall. You must configure one-to-one network address translation (NAT).
Table 15-2 describes support for mobility across controllers with different software versions.
Step 1 Choose Controller > Mobility Management > Mobility Groups to open the Static Mobility Group Members page.
Figure 15-8 Static Mobility Group Members Page
This page shows the mobility group name in the Default Mobility Group text box and lists the MAC address and IP address of each controller that is currently a member of the mobility group. The first entry is the local controller, which cannot be deleted.
Note If you want to delete any of the remote controllers from the mobility group, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the desired controller and choose Remove.
Step 2 Perform one of the following to add controllers to a mobility group:
Note The EditAll option enables you to enter the MAC and IP addresses of all the current mobility group members and then copy and paste all the entries from one controller to the other controllers in the mobility group.
Step 3 Click New to open the Mobility Group Member > New page.
Step 4 Add a controller to the mobility group as follows:
a. In the Member IP Address text box, enter the management interface IP address of the controller to be added.
Note If you are configuring the mobility group in a network where network address translation (NAT) is enabled, enter the IP address that is sent to the controller from the NAT device rather than the controller’s management interface IP address. Otherwise, mobility will fail among controllers in the mobility group.
b. In the Member MAC Address text box, enter the MAC address of the controller to be added.
c. In the Group Name text box, enter the name of the mobility group.
Note The mobility group name is case sensitive.
d. Click Apply to commit your changes. The new controller is added to the list of mobility group members on the Static Mobility Group Members page.
e. Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
f. Repeat In the Member IP Address text box, enter the management interface IP address of the controller to be added. through Click Save Configuration to save your changes. to add all of the controllers in the mobility group.
g. Repeat this procedure on every controller to be included in the mobility group. All controllers in the mobility group must be configured with the MAC address and IP address of all other mobility group members.
The Mobility Group Members > Edit All page (see Figure 15-9) lists the MAC address, IP address, and mobility group name (optional) of all the controllers currently in the mobility group. The controllers are listed one per line with the local controller at the top of the list.
Note If desired, you can edit or delete any of the controllers in the list.
Figure 15-9 Mobility Group Members > Edit All Page
Step 5 Add more controllers to the mobility group as follows:
a. Click inside the edit box to start a new line.
b. Enter the MAC address, the management interface IP address, and the name of the mobility group for the controller to be added.
Note You should enter these values on one line and separate each value with one or two spaces.
Note The mobility group name is case sensitive.
c. Repeat Click inside the edit box to start a new line. and Enter the MAC address, the management interface IP address, and the name of the mobility group for the controller to be added. for each additional controller that you want to add to the mobility group.
d. Highlight and copy the complete list of entries in the edit box.
e. Click Apply to commit your changes. The new controllers are added to the list of mobility group members on the Static Mobility Group Members page.
f. Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
g. Paste the list into the text box on the Mobility Group Members > Edit All page of all the other controllers in the mobility group and click Apply and Save Configuration .
Step 6 Choose Multicast Messaging to open the Mobility Multicast Messaging page.
Figure 15-10 Mobility Multicast Messaging Page
The names of all the currently configured mobility groups appear in the middle of the page.
Step 7 On the Mobility Multicast Messaging page, select the Enable Multicast Messaging check box to enable the controller to use multicast mode to send Mobile Announce messages to the mobility members. If you leave it unselected, the controller uses unicast mode to send the Mobile Announce messages. The default value is unselected.
Step 8 If you enabled multicast messaging in the previous step, enter the multicast group IP address for the local mobility group in the Local Group Multicast IP Address text box. This address is used for multicast mobility messaging.
Note In order to use multicast messaging, you must configure the IP address for the local mobility group.
Step 9 Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 10 If desired, you can also configure the multicast group IP address for nonlocal groups within the mobility list. To do so, click the name of a nonlocal mobility group to open the Mobility Multicast Messaging > Edit page (see Figure 15-11), and enter the multicast group IP address for the nonlocal mobility group in the Multicast IP Address text box.
Note If you do not configure the multicast IP address for nonlocal groups, the controller uses unicast mode to send mobility messages to those members.
Figure 15-11 Mobility Multicast Messaging > Edit Page
Step 11 Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 12 Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Step 1 Check the current mobility settings by entering this command:
Information similar to the following appears:
Step 2 Create a mobility group by entering this command:
config mobility group domain domain_name
Note Enter up to 31 case-sensitive ASCII characters for the group name. Spaces are not allowed in mobility group names.
Step 3 Add a group member by entering this command:
config mobility group member add mac_address ip_address
Note If you are configuring the mobility group in a network where network address translation (NAT) is enabled, enter the IP address that is sent to the controller from the NAT device rather than the controller’s management interface IP address. Otherwise, mobility will fail among controllers in the mobility group.
Note Enter the config mobility group member delete mac_address command if you want to delete a group member.
Step 4 Enable or disable multicast mobility mode by entering this command:
config mobility multicast-mode { enable | disable } local_group_multicast_address
where local_group_multicast_address is the multicast group IP address for the local mobility group. This address is used for multicast mobility messaging.
If you enable multicast mobility mode, the controller uses multicast mode to send Mobile Announce messages to the local group. If you disable multicast mobility mode, the controller uses unicast mode to send the Mobile Announce messages to the local group. The default value is disabled.
Step 5 (Optional) You can also configure the multicast group IP address for nonlocal groups within the mobility list. To do so, enter this command:
config mobility group multicast-address group_name IP_address
If you do not configure the multicast IP address for nonlocal groups, the controller uses unicast mode to send mobility messages to those members.
Step 6 Verify the mobility configuration by entering this command:
Step 7 Save your changes by entering this command:
Step 8 Repeat this procedure on every controller to be included in the mobility group. All controllers in the mobility group must be configured with the MAC address and IP address of all other mobility group members.
Step 9 Enable or disable debugging of multicast usage for mobility messages by entering this command:
debug mobility multicast { enable | disable }
You can view three types of mobility group statistics from the controller GUI:
You can view mobility group statistics using the controller GUI or CLI.
Step 1 Choose Monitor > Statistics > Mobility Statistics to open the Mobility Statistics page.
Figure 15-12 Mobility Statistics Page
This page contains the following fields
– Rx Errors—Generic protocol packet receive errors, such as packet too short or format incorrect.
– Tx Errors—Generic protocol packet transmit errors, such as packet transmission fail.
– Responses Retransmitted—Mobility protocol that uses UDP and resends requests several times if it does not receive a response. Because of network or processing delays, the responder may receive one or more retry requests after it initially responds to a request. This text box shows a count of the response resends.
– Handoff Requests Received—Total number of handoff requests received, ignored, or responded to.
– Handoff End Requests Received—Total number of handoff end requests received. These requests are sent by the anchor or foreign controller to notify the other about the close of a client session.
– State Transitions Disallowed—Policy enforcement module (PEM) that has denied a client state transition, usually resulting in the handoff being terminated.
– Resource Unavailable—Necessary resource, such as a buffer, was unavailable, resulting in the handoff being terminated.
– Handoff Requests Sent—Number of clients that have associated to the controller and have been announced to the mobility group.
– Handoff Replies Received—Number of handoff replies that have been received in response to the requests sent.
– Handoff as Local Received—Number of handoffs in which the entire client session has been transferred.
– Handoff as Foreign Received—Number of handoffs in which the client session was anchored elsewhere.
– Handoff Denys Received—Number of handoffs that were denied.
– Anchor Request Sent—Number of anchor requests that were sent for a three-party (foreign-to-foreign) handoff. The handoff was received from another foreign controller, and the new controller is requesting the anchor to move the client.
– Anchor Deny Received—Number of anchor requests that were denied by the current anchor.
– Anchor Grant Received—Number of anchor requests that were approved by the current anchor.
– Anchor Transfer Received—Number of anchor requests that closed the session on the current anchor and transferred the anchor back to the requestor.
– Handoff Requests Ignored—Number of handoff requests or client announcements that were ignored because the controller had no knowledge of that client.
– Ping Pong Handoff Requests Dropped—Number of handoff requests that were denied because the handoff period was too short (3 seconds).
– Handoff Requests Dropped—Number of handoff requests that were dropped due to either an incomplete knowledge of the client or a problem with the packet.
– Handoff Requests Denied—Number of handoff requests that were denied.
– Client Handoff as Local—Number of handoff responses sent while the client is in the local role.
– Client Handoff as Foreign—Number of handoff responses sent while the client is in the foreign role.
– Anchor Requests Received—Number of anchor requests received.
– Anchor Requests Denied—Number of anchor requests denied.
– Anchor Requests Granted—Number of anchor requests granted.
– Anchor Transferred—Number of anchors transferred because the client has moved from a foreign controller to a controller on the same subnet as the current anchor.
Step 2 If you want to clear the current mobility statistics, click Clear Stats .
This section contains the following topics:
You can use auto-anchor mobility (also called guest tunneling) to improve load balancing and security for roaming clients on your wireless LANs. Under normal roaming conditions, client devices join a wireless LAN and are anchored to the first controller that they contact. If a client roams to a different subnet, the controller to which the client roamed sets up a foreign session for the client with the anchor controller. However, when you use the auto-anchor mobility feature, you can specify a controller or set of controllers as the anchor points for clients on a wireless LAN.
In auto-anchor mobility mode, a subset of a mobility group is specified as the anchor controllers for a WLAN. You can use this feature to restrict a WLAN to a single subnet, regardless of a client’s entry point into the network. Clients can then access a guest WLAN throughout an enterprise but still be restricted to a specific subnet. Auto-anchor mobility can also provide geographic load balancing because the WLANs can represent a particular section of a building (such as a lobby, a restaurant, and so on), effectively creating a set of home controllers for a WLAN. Instead of being anchored to the first controller that they happen to contact, mobile clients can be anchored to controllers that control access points in a particular vicinity.
When a client first associates to a controller of a mobility group that has been preconfigured as a mobility anchor for a WLAN, the client associates to the controller locally, and a local session is created for the client. Clients can be anchored only to preconfigured anchor controllers of the WLAN. For a given WLAN, you should configure the same set of anchor controllers on all controllers in the mobility group.
When a client first associates to a controller of a mobility group that has not been configured as a mobility anchor for a WLAN, the client associates to the controller locally, a local session is created for the client, and the client is announced to the other controllers in the mobility list. If the announcement is not answered, the controller contacts one of the anchor controllers configured for the WLAN and creates a foreign session for the client on the local switch. Packets from the client are encapsulated through a mobility tunnel using EtherIP and sent to the anchor controller, where they are decapsulated and delivered to the wired network. Packets to the client are received by the anchor controller and forwarded to the foreign controller through a mobility tunnel using EtherIP. The foreign controller decapsulates the packets and forwards them to the client.
If multiple controllers are added as mobility anchors for a particular WLAN on a foreign controller, the foreign controller internally sorts the controller by their IP address. The controller with the lowest IP address is the first anchor. For example, a typical ordered list would be 172.16.7.25, 172.16.7.28, 192.168.5.15. If the first client associates to the foreign controller's anchored WLAN, the client database entry is sent to the first anchor controller in the list, the second client is sent to the second controller in the list, and so on, until the end of the anchor list is reached. The process is repeated starting with the first anchor controller. If any of the anchor controller is detected to be down, all the clients anchored to the controller are deauthenticated, and the clients then go through the authentication/anchoring process again in a round-robin manner with the remaining controller in the anchor list. This functionality is also extended to regular mobility clients through mobility failover. This feature enables mobility group members to detect failed members and reroute clients.
– UDP 16666 for tunnel control traffic
Step 1 Configure the controller to detect failed anchor controllers within a mobility group as follows:
a. Choose Controller > Mobility Management > Mobility Anchor Config to open the Mobility Anchor Config page.
b. In the Keep Alive Count text box, enter the number of times a ping request is sent to an anchor controller before the anchor is considered to be unreachable. The valid range is 3 to 20, and the default value is 3.
c. In the Keep Alive Interval text box, enter the amount of time (in seconds) between each ping request that is sent to an anchor controller. The valid range is 1 to 30 seconds, and the default value is 10 seconds.
d. In the DSCP Value text box, enter the DSCP value. The default is 0.
e. Click Apply to commit your changes.
Step 2 Choose WLANs to open the WLANs page.
Step 3 Click the blue drop-down arrow for the desired WLAN or wired guest LAN and choose Mobility Anchors . The Mobility Anchors page appears.
This page lists the controllers that have already been configured as mobility anchors and shows the current state of their data and control paths. Controllers within a mobility group communicate among themselves over a well-known UDP port and exchange data traffic through an Ethernet-over-IP (EoIP) tunnel. They send mpings, which test mobility control packet reachability over the management interface over mobility UDP port 16666 and they send epings, which test the mobility data traffic over the management interface over EoIP port 97. The Control Path text box shows whether mpings have passed (up) or failed (down), and the Data Path text box shows whether epings have passed (up) or failed (down). If the Data or Control Path text box shows “down,” the mobility anchor cannot be reached and is considered failed.
Step 4 Select the IP address of the controller to be designated a mobility anchor in the Switch IP Address (Anchor) drop-down list.
Step 5 Click Mobility Anchor Create . The selected controller becomes an anchor for this WLAN or wired guest LAN.
Note To delete a mobility anchor for a WLAN or wired guest LAN, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow for the anchor and choose Remove.
Step 6 Click Save Configuration to save your changes.
Step 7 Repeat Step 4 and Step 6 to set any other controllers as mobility anchors for this WLAN or wired guest LAN.
Step 8 Configure the same set of mobility anchors on every controller in the mobility group.
– config mobility group keepalive count count —Specifies the number of times a ping request is sent to a mobility list member before the member is considered to be unreachable. The valid range is 3 to 20, and the default value is 3.
– config mobility group keepalive interval seconds —Specifies the amount of time (in seconds) between each ping request sent to a mobility list member. The valid range is 1 to 30 seconds, and the default value is 10 seconds.
config {wlan | guest-lan} disable { wlan_id | guest_lan_id }
– config mobility group anchor add { wlan | guest-lan } { wlan_id | guest_lan_id } anchor_controller_ip_address
– config { wlan | guest-lan } mobility anchor add { wlan_id | guest_lan_id } anchor_controller_ip_address
Note The wlan_id or guest_lan_id must exist and be disabled, and the anchor_controller_ip_address must be a member of the default mobility group.
Note Auto-anchor mobility is enabled for the WLAN or wired guest LAN when you configure the first mobility anchor.
– config mobility group anchor delete {wlan | guest-lan} {wlan_id | guest_lan_id} anchor_controller_ip_address
– config {wlan | guest-lan} mobility anchor delete {wlan_id | guest_lan_id} anchor_controller_ip_address
Note The wlan_id or guest_lan_id must exist and be disabled.
Note Deleting the last anchor disables the auto-anchor mobility feature and resumes normal mobility for new associations.
show mobility anchor { wlan | guest-lan } { wlan_id | guest_lan_id }
Note The wlan_id and guest_lan_id parameters are optional and constrain the list to the anchors in a particular WLAN or guest LAN. To see all of the mobility anchors on your system, enter the show mobility anchor command.
Information similar to the following appears:
The Status text box shows one of these values:
Information similar to the following appears:
– debug mobility handoff { enable | disable }—Debugs mobility handoff issues.
– debug mobility keep-alive { enable | disable } all —Dumps the keepalive packets for all mobility anchors.
– debug mobility keep-alive { enable | disable } IP_address —Dumps the keepalive packets for a specific mobility anchor.
For any anchoring or mobility event, the WLAN security policy values on each controller must match. These values can be validated in the controller debugs. Table 15-3 lists the WLAN mobility security values and their corresponding security policy.
This section contains the following topics:
In asymmetric tunneling, client traffic to the wired network is routed directly through the foreign controller, as shown in Figure 15-13.
Figure 15-13 Asymmetric Tunneling or Uni-Directional Tunneling
Asymmetric tunneling breaks when an upstream router has reverse path filtering (RPF) enabled. In this case, the client traffic is dropped at the router because the RPF check ensures that the path back to the source address matches the path from which the packet is coming. When symmetric mobility tunneling is enabled, all client traffic is sent to the anchor controller and can then successfully pass the RPF check, as shown in Figure 15-14.
Figure 15-14 Symmetric Mobility Tunneling or Bidirectional Tunneling
Symmetric mobility tunneling is also useful in the following situations:
This section contains the following topics:
Step 1 Choose Controller > Mobility Management > Mobility Anchor Config to open the Mobility Anchor Config page. The Symmetric Mobility Tunneling Mode text box shows Enabled.
Figure 15-15 Mobility Anchor Config Page
This section contains the following topics:
Controllers in a mobility list communicate with each other by controlling information over a well-known UDP port and exchanging data traffic through an Ethernet-over-IP (EoIP) tunnel. Because UDP and EoIP are not reliable transport mechanisms, there is no guarantee that a mobility control packet or data packet will be delivered to a mobility peer. Mobility packets may be lost in transit due to a firewall filtering the UDP port or EoIP packets or due to routing issues.
Controller software release 4.0 or later releases enable you to test the mobility communication environment by performing mobility ping tests. These tests may be used to validate connectivity between members of a mobility group (including guest controllers). Two ping tests are available:
Only one mobility ping test per controller can be run at a given time.
Note These ping tests are not Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) based. The term “ping” is used to indicate an echo request and an echo reply message.
Note Any ICMP packet greater than 1280 bytes will always be responded with a packet that is truncated to 1280 bytes. For example, a ping with a packet that is greater than 1280 bytes from a host to the management interface is always responded with a packet that is truncated to 1280 bytes.
mping mobility_peer_IP_address
The mobility_peer_IP_address parameter must be the IP address of a controller that belongs to the mobility list.
eping mobility_peer_IP_address
The mobility_peer_IP_address parameter must be the IP address of a controller that belongs to the mobility list.
config logging buffered debugging
To troubleshoot your controller for mobility ping over UDP, enter this command to display the mobility control packet:
Note We recommend using an ethereal trace capture when troubleshooting.
This section contains the following topics:
At times you may want to configure static IP addresses for wireless clients. When these wireless clients move about in a network, they could try associating with other controllers. If the clients try to associate with a controller that does not support the same subnet as the static IP, the clients fail to connect to the network. You can now enable dynamic tunneling of clients with static IP addresses.
Dynamic anchoring of static IP clients with static IP addresses can be associated with other controllers where the client’s subnet is supported by tunneling the traffic to another controller in the same mobility group. This feature enables you to configure your WLAN so that the network is serviced even though the clients use static IP addresses.
The following sequence of steps occur when a client with a static IP address tries to associate with a controller:
1. When a client associates with a controller, for example, WLC-1, it performs a mobility announcement. If a controller in the mobility group responds (for example WLC-2), the client traffic is tunneled to the controller WLC-2. As a result, the controller WLC 1 becomes the foreign controller and WLC-2 becomes the anchor controller.
2. If none of the controllers respond, the client is treated as a local client and authentication is performed. The IP address for the client is updated either through an orphan packet handling or an ARP request processing. If the client's IP subnet is not supported in the controller (WLC-1), WLC-1 sends another static IP mobile announce and if a controller (for example WLC-3) that supports the client’s subnet responds to that announcement, the client traffic is tunneled to that controller WLC-3. As a result, the controller WLC 1 becomes the export foreign controller and WLC-3 becomes the export anchor controller.
3. Once the acknowledgement is received, the client traffic is tunneled between the anchor and the controller (WLC-1).
Note If you configure WLAN with an interface group and any of the interfaces in the interface group supports the static IP client subnet, the client is assigned to that interface. This situation occurs in local or remote (static IP Anchor) controller.
Note A security level 2 authentication is performed only in the local (static IP foreign) controller, which is also known as the exported foreign controller.
The following restrictions apply when configuring static IP tunneling with other features on the same WLAN:
Step 1 Choose WLANs to open the WLANs page.
Step 2 Click the ID number of the WLAN on which you want to enable dynamic anchoring of IP clients. The WLANs > Edit page is displayed.
Step 3 Choose the Advanced tab to open the WLANs > Edit (Advanced) page.
Step 4 Enable dynamic anchoring of static IP clients by selecting the Static IP Tunneling check box.
Step 5 Click Apply to commit your changes.
This section contains the following topics:
Auto-Anchor mobility, also known as Foreign Mapping, allows you to configure users that are on different foreign controllers to obtain IP addresses from a subnet or group of subnets.
Step 1 Choose the WLANs tab to open the WLAN page.
The WLANs page appears listing the available WLANs.
Step 2 Click the Blue drop down arrow for the desired WLAN and choose Foreign-Maps .
The foreign mappings page appears. This page also lists the MAC addresses of the foreign controllers that are in the mobility group and interfaces/interface groups.
Step 3 Choose the desired foreign controller MAC and the interface or interface group to which it must be mapped and click on Add Mapping .