Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.10.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)

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Book Title

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.10.x (Catalyst 9500 Switches)

Chapter Title

MPLS QoS: Classifying and Marking EXP

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Updated:
November 15, 2018

Chapter: MPLS QoS: Classifying and Marking EXP

MPLS QoS: Classifying and Marking EXP

Classifying and Marking MPLS EXP

The QoS EXP Matching feature allows you to classify and mark network traffic by modifying the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) experimental bits (EXP) field. This module contains conceptual information and the configuration tasks for classifying and marking network traffic using the MPLS EXP field.

Finding Feature Information

Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table at the end of this module.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

Prerequisites for Classifying and Marking MPLS EXP

  • The switch must be configured as an MPLS provider edge (PE) or provider (P) router, which can include the configuration of a valid label protocol and underlying IP routing protocols.

Restrictions for Classifying and Marking MPLS EXP

  • MPLS classification and marking can only occur in an operational MPLS Network.

  • MPLS EXP classification and marking is supported only on MPLS enabled interfaces or MPLS traffic on other interfaces.

  • If a packet is classified by IP type of service (ToS) or class of service (CoS) at ingress, it cannot be reclassified by MPLS EXP at egress (imposition case). However, if a packet is classified by MPLS at ingress it can be reclassified by IP ToS, CoS, or Quality of Service (QoS) group at egress (disposition case).

  • To apply QoS on traffic across protocol boundaries, use QoS-group. You can classify and assign ingress traffic to the QoS-group. Thereafter, you can the QoS-group at egress to classify and apply QoS.

  • If a packet is encapsulated in MPLS, the MPLS payload cannot be checked for other protocols such as IP for classification or marking. Only MPLS EXP marking affects packets encapsulated by MPLS.

Information About Classifying and Marking MPLS EXP

Classifying and Marking MPLS EXP Overview

The QoS EXP Matching feature allows you to organize network traffic by setting values for the MPLS EXP field in MPLS packets. By choosing different values for the MPLS EXP field, you can mark packets so that packets have the priority that they require during periods of congestion. Setting the MPLS EXP value allows you to:

  • Classify traffic

    The classification process selects the traffic to be marked. Classification accomplishes this by partitioning traffic into multiple priority levels, or classes of service. Traffic classification is the primary component of class-based QoS provisioning. For more information, see the “Classifying Network Traffic” module.

  • Police and mark traffic

    Policing causes traffic that exceeds the configured rate to be discarded or marked to a different drop level. Marking traffic is a way to identify packet flows to differentiate them. Packet marking allows you to partition your network into multiple priority levels or classes of service. For more information, see the “Marking Network Traffic” module.

MPLS Experimental Field

The MPLS experimental bits (EXP) field is a 3-bit field in the MPLS header that you can use to define the QoS treatment (per-hop behavior) that a node should give to a packet. In an IP network, the DiffServ Code Point (DSCP) (a 6-bit field) defines a class and drop precedence. The EXP bits can be used to carry some of the information encoded in the IP DSCP and can also be used to encode the dropping precedence.

By default, Cisco IOS Software copies the three most significant bits of the DSCP or the IP precedence of the IP packet to the EXP field in the MPLS header. This action happens when the MPLS header is initially imposed on the IP packet. However, you can also set the EXP field by defining a mapping between the DSCP or IP precedence and the EXP bits. This mapping is configured using the set mpls experimental or police commands. For more information, see the “How to Classify and Mark MPLS EXP” section.

You can perform MPLS EXP marking operations using table-maps. It is recommended to assign QoS-group to a different class of traffic in ingress policy and translate QoS-group to DSCP and EXP markings in egress policy using table-map.

Benefits of MPLS EXP Classification and Marking

If a service provider does not want to modify the value of the IP precedence field in packets transported through the network, they can use the MPLS EXP field value to classify and mark IP packets.

By choosing different values for the MPLS EXP field, you can mark critical packets so that those packets have priority if network congestion occurs.

How to Classify and Mark MPLS EXP

Classifying MPLS Encapsulated Packets

You can use the match mpls experimental topmost command to define traffic classes based on the packet EXP values, inside the MPLS domain. You can use these classes to define services policies to mark the EXP traffic using the police command.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. enable
  2. configure terminal
  3. class-map [match-all | match-any ] class-map-name
  4. match mpls experimental topmost mpls-exp-value
  5. end

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

enable

Example:

Switch> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

  • Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2

configure terminal

Example:

Switch# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3

class-map [match-all | match-any ] class-map-name

Example:

Switch(config)# class-map exp3

Creates a class map to be used for matching traffic to a specified class, and enters class-map configuration mode.

  • Enter the class map name.

Step 4

match mpls experimental topmost mpls-exp-value

Example:

Switch(config-cmap)# match mpls experimental topmost 3

Specifies the match criteria.

Note

 

The match mpls experimental topmost command classifies traffic on the basis of the EXP value in the topmost label header.

Step 5

end

Example:

Switch(config-cmap)# end

(Optional) Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Marking MPLS EXP on the Outermost Label

Perform this task to set the value of the MPLS EXP field on imposed label entries.

Before you begin

In typical configurations, marking MPLS packets at imposition is used with ingress classification on IP ToS or CoS fields.


Note

For IP imposition marking, the IP precedence value is copied to the MPLS EXP value by default.


Note

The set mpls experimental imposition command works only on packets that have new or additional MPLS labels added to them.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. enable
  2. configure terminal
  3. policy-map policy-map-name
  4. class class-map-name
  5. set mpls experimental imposition mpls-exp-value
  6. end

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

enable

Example:

Switch> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

  • Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2

configure terminal

Example:

Switch# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3

policy-map policy-map-name

Example:

Switch(config)# policy-map mark-up-exp-2

Specifies the name of the policy map to be created and enters policy-map configuration mode.

  • Enter the policy map name.

Step 4

class class-map-name

Example:

Switch(config-pmap)# class prec012

Creates a class map to be used for matching traffic to a specified class, and enters class-map configuration mode.

  • Enter the class map name.

Step 5

set mpls experimental imposition mpls-exp-value

Example:

Switch(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental imposition 2

Sets the value of the MPLS EXP field on top label.

Step 6

end

Example:

Switch(config-pmap-c)# end

(Optional) Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Marking MPLS EXP on Label Switched Packets

Perform this task to set the MPLS EXP field on label switched packets.

Before you begin

Note

The set mpls experimental topmost command marks EXP for the outermost label of MPLS traffic. Due to this marking at ingress policy, the egress policy must include classification based on the MPLS EXP values.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. enable
  2. configure terminal
  3. policy-map policy-map-name
  4. class class-map-name
  5. set mpls experimental topmost mpls-exp-value
  6. end

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

enable

Example:

Switch> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

  • Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2

configure terminal

Example:

Switch# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3

policy-map policy-map-name

Example:

Switch(config)# policy-map mark-up-exp-2

Specifies the name of the policy map to be created and enters policy-map configuration mode.

  • Enter the policy map name.

Step 4

class class-map-name

Example:

Switch(config-pmap)# class-map exp012

Creates a class map to be used for matching traffic to a specified class, and enters class-map configuration mode.

  • Enter the class map name.

Step 5

set mpls experimental topmost mpls-exp-value

Example:

Switch(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental topmost 2

Sets the MPLS EXP field value in the topmost label on the output interface.

Step 6

end

Example:

Switch(config-pmap-c)# end

(Optional) Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Configuring Conditional Marking

To conditionally set the value of the MPLS EXP field on all imposed label, perform the following task:

Before you begin

Note

The set-mpls-exp-topmost-transmit action affects MPLS encapsulated packets only. The set-mpls-exp-imposition-transmit action affects any new labels that are added to the packet.

SUMMARY STEPS

  1. enable
  2. configure terminal
  3. policy-map policy-map-name
  4. class class-map-name
  5. police cir bps bc pir bps be
  6. conform-action transmit
  7. exceed-action set-mpls-exp-topmost-transmit dscp table dscp-table-value
  8. violate-action drop
  9. end

DETAILED STEPS

  Command or Action Purpose

Step 1

enable

Example:

Switch> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

  • Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2

configure terminal

Example:

Switch# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.

Step 3

policy-map policy-map-name

Example:

Switch(config)# policy-map ip2tag

Specifies the name of the policy map to be created and enters policy-map configuration mode.

  • Enter the policy map name.

Step 4

class class-map-name

Example:

Switch(config-pmap)# class iptcp

Creates a class map to be used for matching traffic to a specified class, and enters policy-map class configuration mode.

  • Enter the class map name.

Step 5

police cir bps bc pir bps be

Example:

Switch(config-pmap-c)# police cir 1000000 pir 2000000

Defines a policer for classified traffic and enters policy-map class police configuration mode.

Step 6

conform-action transmit

Example:

Switch(config-pmap-c-police)# conform-action transmit 3

Defines the action to take on packets that conform to the values specified by the policer.

  • In this example, if the packet conforms to the committed information rate (cir) or is within the conform burst (bc) size, the MPLS EXP field is set to 3.

Step 7

exceed-action set-mpls-exp-topmost-transmit dscp table dscp-table-value

Example:

Switch(config-pmap-c-police)# exceed-action set-mpls-exp-topmost-transmit dscp table dscp2exp

Defines the action to take on packets that exceed the values specified by the policer.

Step 8

violate-action drop

Example:

Switch(config-pmap-c-police)# violate-action drop

Defines the action to take on packets whose rate exceeds the peak information rate (pir) and is outside the bc and be ranges.

  • You must specify the exceed action before you specify the violate action.

  • In this example, if the packet rate exceeds the pir rate and is outside the bc and be ranges, the packet is dropped.

Step 9

end

Example:

Switch(config-pmap-c-police)# end

(Optional) Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

Configuration Examples for Classifying and Marking MPLS EXP

Example: Classifying MPLS Encapsulated Packets

Defining an MPLS EXP Class Map

The following example defines a class map named exp3 that matches packets that contains MPLS experimental value 3: 

Switch(config)# class-map exp3 
Switch(config-cmap)# match mpls experimental topmost 3 
Switch(config-cmap)# exit
Defining a Policy Map and Applying the Policy Map to an Ingress Interface

The following example uses the class map created in the example above to define a policy map. This example also applies the policy map to a physical interface for ingress traffic. 

Switch(config)# policy-map change-exp-3-to-2
Switch(config-pmap)# class exp3
Switch(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental topmost 2
Switch(config-pmap)# exit
Switch(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Switch(config-if)# service-policy input change-exp-3-to-2
Switch(config-if)# exit
Defining a Policy Map and Applying the Policy Map to an Egress Interface

The following example uses the class map created in the example above to define a policy map. This example also applies the policy map to a physical interface for egress traffic. 

Switch(config)# policy-map WAN-out
Switch(config-pmap)# class exp3
Switch(config-pmap-c)# shape average 10000000
Switch(config-pmap-c)# exit
Switch(config-pmap)# exit
Switch(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Switch(config-if)# service-policy output WAN-out
Switch(config-if)# exit

Example: Marking MPLS EXP on Outermost Label

Defining an MPLS EXP Imposition Policy Map

The following example defines a policy map that sets the MPLS EXP imposition value to 2 based on the IP precedence value of the forwarded packet: 

Device# configure terminal 
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Device(config)# class-map prec012
Device(config-cmap)# match ip prec 0 1 2
Device(config-cmap)# exit
Device(config)# policy-map mark-up-exp-2
Device(config-pmap)# class prec012
Device(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental imposition 2
Device(config-pmap-c)# exit
Device(config-pmap)# exit
Applying the MPLS EXP Imposition Policy Map to a Main Interface

The following example applies a policy map to Gigabit Ethernet interface 0/0/0: 

Device# configure terminal 
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Device(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Device(config-if)# service-policy input mark-up-exp-2
Device(config-if)# exit

Example: Marking MPLS EXP on Label Switched Packets

Defining an MPLS EXP Label Switched Packets Policy Map

The following example defines a policy map that sets the MPLS EXP topmost value to 2 according to the MPLS EXP value of the forwarded packet: 

Switch# configure terminal 
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)# class-map exp012
Switch(config-cmap)# match mpls experimental topmost 0 1 2
Switch(config-cmap)# exit
Switch(config-cmap)# policy-map mark-up-exp-2
Switch(config-pmap)# class exp012
Switch(config-pmap-c)# set mpls experimental topmost 2
Switch(config-pmap-c)# exit
Switch(config-pmap)# exit
Applying the MPLS EXP Label Switched Packets Policy Map to a Main Interface

The following example shows how to apply the policy map to a main interface: 

Switch# configure terminal 
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Switch(config-if)# service-policy input mark-up-exp-2
Switch(config-if)# exit

Example: Configuring Conditional Marking

The example in this section creates a policer for the iptcp class, which is part of the ip2tag policy map, and attaches the policy map to the Gigabit Ethernet interface. 


Switch(config)# policy-map ip2tag
Switch(config-pmap)# class iptcp
Switch(config-pmap-c)# police cir 1000000 pir 2000000
Switch(config-pmap-c-police)# conform-action transmit
Switch(config-pmap-c-police)# exceed-action set-mpls-exp-imposition-transmit 2
Switch(config-pmap-c-police)# violate-action drop
Switch(config-pmap-c-police)# exit
Switch(config-pmap-c)# exit
Switch(config-pmap)# exit
Switch(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
Switch(config-if)# service-policy input ip2tag

Additional References

Related Documents

Related Topic

Document Title

QoS commands

Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Command Reference

Standards and RFCs

Standard/RFC

Title

No new or modified standards are supported, and support for existing standards has not been modified.

Technical Assistance

Description

Link

The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

http://www.cisco.com/cisco/web/support/index.html

Feature Information for QoS MPLS EXP

The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to https://cfnng.cisco.com/. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Table 1. Feature Information for QoS MPLS EXP

Release

Modification

Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.5.1a

This feature was introduced.

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