A terminal node is a single node equipped with two control cards and one of the following combinations:

• One 32MUX-O card and one 32DMX-O card

• One 32WSS card and either a 32DMX or a 32DMX-O card

• One 40-WSS-C or 40-WSS-CE card and one 40-DMX-C or 40-DMX-CE card

• One 40-MUX-C and one 40-DMX-C or 40-DMX-CE card

• One 80-WXC-C card, one 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel, and one 15216-MD-40-EVEN, 15216-EF-40-EVEN, or 15216-MD-48-EVEN (15216 40 or 48-channel mux/demux patch panel), and 15216-MD-ID-50 or 15216-MD-48-CM

• 16-WXC-FS, MF-MPO-8LC, MF-4x4-COFS, MF-16AD-CFS, MF-DEG-5, MF-UPG-4, OPT-EDFA-xx, RAMAN-CTP (optional), RAMAN-COP, EDRA2-yy

• One 40-SMR1-C and one 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel

• One 40-SMR2-C and one 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel

  Note	Although it is recommended that you use the 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel along with the 40-SMR1-C and 40-SMR2-C cards, you can alternatively use the 40-MUX-C and 40-DMX-C cards instead of the 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel.

Cards in the terminal nodes can be installed in Slots 1 through 6 or Slots 12 through 17. The side where cards are installed is always assigned as Side A.

The following figure shows an example of a terminal configuration with a 32MUX-O card installed. The channel flow for a terminal node is the same as the hub node.

The following figure shows an example of a terminal configuration with a 40-WSS-C card installed.

The following figure shows an example of a terminal configuration with a 40-MUX-C card installed.

The following figure shows an example of a terminal configuration with a 40-SMR1-C card installed.

The following figure shows an example of a terminal configuration with 40-SMR1-C and booster amplifier cards installed.

Note	When you use the 40-SMR1-C card along with a booster amplifier, the OSCM card must be connected to the booster amplifier.

The following figure shows an example of a terminal configuration with a 40-SMR2-C card installed.

The following figure shows an example of a 80-channel terminal configuration with RAMAN-CTP and RAMAN-COP cards installed.

The following figure shows an example of a 16-channel terminal configuration with16-WXC-FS, amplifiers, MPO connector, and TXP cards.

The following figure shows an example of a 64-channel colorless terminal configuration with16-WXC-FS, amplifiers, MPO connector, 4x4-COFS, and 16AD-CFS. In the absence of power regulation in the ADD path, bulk attenuators are needed to fit with EDFA input power dynamic.

The following figure shows an example of a 96-channel colorless omni-directional terminal configuration with16-WXC-FS, amplifiers, MPO connector, and 16AD-CFS.

The following figure shows an example of a 4 degree or higher up to 48 or 96 channels with MD-48-Odd/Even. This configuration can also be used with 48 channels at 100GHz spacing deploying only one MD-48-Odd/Even.

The following figure shows an example of a 4 degree omnidirectional terminal node up to 96 channels with MD-48-Odd/Even and 4x4-COFS.

The following figure shows an example of a 4 degree colorless omnidirectional terminal node up to 52 channels with 4x4-COFS.

The following figure shows an example of a 4 degree colorless omnidirectional terminal node up to 128 channels with two independent add/drop stages.

An OADM node is a single node equipped with cards installed on both sides and at least one AD-xC-xx.x (or FLD-4-xx.x) card or one AD-xB-xx.x card (plus their related 4MD-xx.x cards) and two control cards. This configuration supports 32 channels. In an OADM node, channels can be added or dropped independently from each direction and then passed through the reflected bands of all OADMs in the DWDM node (called express path). They can also be passed through one OADM card to another OADM card without using a TDM ITU-T line card (called optical pass-through) if an external patchcord is installed.

Unlike express path, an optical pass-through channel can be converted later to an add/drop channel in an altered ring without affecting another channel. OADM amplifier placement and required card placement is determined by the Cisco TransportPlanner tool or your site plan.

OADM nodes can be amplified or passive. In amplified OADMs, booster and preamplifier cards are installed on bode sides of the node. The following diagram shows an example of an amplified OADM node configuration. In addition, OADM nodes can be asymmetric. Amplifiers may be installed in one side, but not the other. Or preamplifiers may be installed in one side, and a booster in the other.

The following diagram shows an example of the channel flow on the amplified OADM node. Since the 32-wavelength plan is based on eight bands (each band contains four channels), optical adding and dropping can be performed at the band level and/or at the channel level (meaning individual channels can be dropped).

Specifying the number of circuits that are currently present on an amplifier that is receiving the power directly from the15216-FLD-4 passive units (in case of an OADM node with FLD-4 cards and when an APC domain is in passive state) enables an accurate calculation of the power gain on the amplified port. This also ensures that the amplifier works effectively when the number of circuits is lesser than the actual circuits provisioned (where APC does not run in those domains.

To provision the number of active circuits, in CTC go to the card view, click > Maintenance > Manual Gain Calc tabs and enter the number of circuits currently active and then click Apply. Changing the value forces the system to recalculate the gain in order to obtain a more suitable output power.

You can manually provision the number of active circuits only if one of the following conditions are satisfied:

• The amplified port that belongs to the APC domain is in passive state (an APC domain involving the OADM with 15216-FLD-4 passive modules and the APC is disabled).

• The APC in the active domain where the APC is temporarily disabled by an alarm.

A ROADM node adds and drops wavelengths without changing the physical fiber connections. A ROADM node is equipped with two control cards and one of the following combinations:

• Two 32WSS cards and either, two 32DMX or 32DMX-O cards

• Two 40-WSS-C or 40-WSS-CE cards and either, two 40-DMX-C or 40-DMX-CE cards

• Two 40-SMR1-C cards and two 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD (ONS 15216 40 or 48-channel mux/demux) patch panels

• Two 40-SMR1-C cards, two line amplifiers (OPT-BST, OPT-BST-E, OPT-AMP-C, or OPT-AMP-17C cards), two OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards, and two 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panels

• Two 40-SMR2-C cards and two 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panels

• Two 80-WXC-C cards and two 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, 15216-MD-48-ODD, 15216-MD-40-EVEN, 15216-EF-40-EVEN, or 15216-MD-48-EVEN patch panels

  Note	Although it is recommended that you use the 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel along with the 40-SMR1-C and 40-SMR2-C cards, you can alternatively use the 40-MUX-C and 40-DMX-C cards instead of the 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel.

• 16-WXC-FS, MF-MPO-8LC, MF-4x4-COFS, MF-16AD-CFS, MF-DEG-5, MF-UPG-4, OPT-EDFA-xx, RAMAN-CTP (optional), RAMAN-COP, EDRA2-yy

Note	Although not required, 32DMX-O can be used in a ROADM node. Cisco TransportPlanner automatically chooses the demultiplexer card that is best for the ROADM node based on the network requirements.

The following diagram shows an example of an amplified ROADM node configuration with 32DMX cards installed.

The following diagram shows an example of an amplified ROADM node configuration with 40-WSS-C cards installed.

The following diagram shows an example of a ROADM node with 40-SMR1-C cards installed.

The following diagram shows an example of a ROADM node with 40-SMR1-C and booster amplifier cards installed.

Note	When you use the 40-SMR1-C card along with a booster amplifier, the OSCM card must be connected to the booster amplifier.

The following diagram shows an example of a ROADM node with 40-SMR1-C and OPT-RAMP-C cards installed.

The following diagram shows an example of a ROADM node with 40-SMR2-C cards installed.

The following diagram shows an example of a colored two-degree ROADM node using 80-WXC-C cards with booster and preamplifier cards. The 80-WXC-C cards are inserted in Slots 3 and 14, and function in the bidirectional mode.

The following diagram shows an example of an 80-channel colored two-degree ROADM node.

The following diagram shows the layout of an 80-channel n-degree ROADM node with omni-directional side.

The following diagram shows the layout of an 80-channel n-degree ROADM node with omni-directional side.

The following diagram shows the layout of a 40-channel n-degree ROADM node with a 40-WXC-C based colorless side.

The 80-WXC-C cards are connected to the ADD/DROP ports of the 40-WXC-C card and function as colorless multiplexer and demultiplexer units.

The following diagram shows the layout of a 40-channel four-degree ROADM node with a 40-SMR2-C based colorless side.

The 80WXC-C (multiplexer) card is inserted in Slot 3 and the 80-WXC-C (demultiplexer) card is inserted in Slot 5. The 80-WXC-C cards are connected to the ADD/DROP ports of the 40-SMR2-C card and function as the colorless multiplexer and demultiplexer units.

The following diagram shows the layout for an 80-channel colorless ROADM node.

An 80 channel colorless two-degree ROADM node requires the following cards: 80-WXC-C, 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, 15216-MD-48-ODD, 15216-MD-40-EVEN, 15216-EF-40-EVEN, 15216-MD-48-EVEN, preamplifiers, and boosters.

The 80-WXC-C cards can be used at two levels; level1 (L1) and level2 (L2).

The L1 80WXC-C (multiplexer) card is inserted in Slot 3 and the L1 80-WXC-C (demultiplexer) card is inserted in Slot 5. The L2 80WXC-C (multiplexer) card is inserted in Slot 12 and the L2 80-WXC-C (demultiplexer) card is inserted in Slot 14.

The following diagram shows an example of the optical signal flow in an 80-channel colorless two-degree ROADM node from Side A to Side B using 80-WXC-C cards. The optical signal flow from Side B to Side A follows an identical path.

The following diagram shows the layout for an 80-channel colorless ROADM node with OPT-RAMP-C cards.

The following diagram shows an example of an ONS 15454 M6 80-channel two degree colorless ROADM node.

The L1 80WXC-C (multiplexer) card is inserted in Slot 4 and the L1 80-WXC-C (demultiplexer) is inserted in Slot 6. The L2 80WXC-C (multiplexer) card is inserted in Slot 2 and the L2 80-WXC-C (demultiplexer) is inserted in Slot 4.

An example of a ROADM optical signal flow from Side A to Side B using the 32WSS or 40-WSS-C card is shown. The optical signal flow from Side B to Side A follows an identical path through the Side B OSC-CSM and32WSS or 40-WSS-C cards. In this example, OSC-CSM cards are installed, hence OPT-BSTs are not needed.

The following diagram shows an example of an ONS 15454 M6 80-channel ROADM node with RAMAN-CTP cards installed.

The following diagram shows an example of an ROADM optical signal flow from Side A to Side B using the 40-SMR1-C card. The optical signal flow from Side B to Side A follows an identical path through the Side B booster and 40-SMR1-C card.

The following diagram shows a colored directional A/D ROADM configuration with MD-48 units connected to the UPG-RX or TX port of each 16-WXC-FS card.

This configuration is used for a directional colored A/D ROADM configuration with more than 12 degrees and for any ROADM configuration that requires PSM-OCH protection. The amplifiers on the drop path are EDFA-17 cards and they work in constant Gain mode with a reference per-channel output power of 0 dBm and are configured in the PRE mode. The 16-WXC-FS card sets the input power of the EDFA-17 cards to obtain a typical gain of 10 dB. A 5 dB bulk attenuator is used to lower the output power of the EDFA -17 cards before it reaches the receiving channels.

The following diagram displays a colored directional 48-channel 100 GHz A/D ROADM configuration.

If the network uses only 100GHz channels (both odd and even grids), the MD-48-CM unit is not required and the channels can be inserted through the MD-48 units connected to the UPG TX or RX ports of each 16-WXC-FS card. A/D amplifiers are not required in this configuration. A 3 dB attenuator is recommended on the Add path between the MD-48 COM-TX port and the 16-WXC-FS UPG-RX port to lower the VOA setting requested to 16-WXC-FS card. This configuration is used for all degrees of ROADM (2 to 16) and it supports PSM-OCH protection on the terminated channels.

The following diagram displays a colored omnidirectional 48-channel 100 GHz A/D 4-degree ROADM configuration.

If the network uses only 100GHz channels (both odd and even grids), the MD-48-CM unit is not required on the omnidirectional colored A/D stages. Two EDFA-xx cards are used as additional amplifiers on the MD stage. These amplifiers are configured as PRE and they work in the constant Gain mode. On the Add path an EDFA-17 card is used with a reference per-channel output power of 0 dBm. A 5 dB bulk attenuator is used at the EDFA-17 card input to correctly set the amplifier gain and obtain a typical gain of 8 dB. On the drop path an EDFA-17 card is used with a reference per-channel output power of -2 dBm. The 16-WXC-FS card sets the EDFA input power so that a typical gain of 13 dB is obtained, while at the EDFA-17 output a 5 dB bulk attenuator is used to lower the power of all the received channels.

The following diagram displays a colored omnidirectional 48-channel 100 GHz A/D ROADM configuration with more than 4 degrees.

Two EDFA-xx cards are used as additional amplifiers on the MD stage. These amplifiers are configured as PRE and they work in the constant Gain mode. On the Add path an EDFA-17 card is used with a reference per-channel output power of 0 dBm. A 5 dB bulk attenuator is used at the EDFA-17 card input to correctly set the amplifier gain and obtain a typical gain of 8 dB. On the drop path an EDFA-24 card with a target gain of 15 dB is used with a reference per-channel output power of -3 dBm. A 5 dB bulk attenuator is used to lower the power of all the received channels.

The following figure shows a two degree contentionless ROADM node configuration using the SMR9 FS and 12-AD-FS cards.

The following figure shows a terminal ROADM node configuration using the SMR20 FS and 16-AD-FS cards.

Workflow for ROADM Split Nodes

A hub node is a single ONS 15454 node equipped with two control cards and one of the following combinations:

• Two 32MUX-O cards and two 32DMX-O or 32DMX cards

• Two 32WSS cards and two 32DMX or 32DMX-O cards

• Two 40-WSS-C or 40-WSS-CE cards and two 40-DMX-C or 40DMX-CE cards

• Two 40-SMR1-C and two 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD (ONS 15216 40 or 48-channel mux/demux patch panel)

• Two 40-SMR2-C and two 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD

  Note	Although it is recommended that you use the 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel along with the 40-SMR1-C and 40-SMR2-C cards, you can alternatively use the 40-MUX-C and 40-DMX-C cards instead of the 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel.

  Note	The configuration for a hub node using 40-SMR1-C or 40-SMR2-C cards is identical to the ROADM node, except that there is no patchcord connecting the two 40-SMR1-C or 40-SMR2-C cards. For more details on the ROADM node configuration, see the ROADM Node.

  Note	The 32WSS/40-WSS-C/40-WSS-CE and 32DMX/32DMX-L/40-DMX-C/ 40-DMX-CE cards are normally installed in ROADM nodes, but they can also be installed in hub and terminal nodes. If the cards are installed in a hub node, the 32WSS/32WSS-L/ 40-WSS-C/40-WSS-CE express ports (EXP RX and EXP TX) are not cabled.

A dispersion compensation unit (DCU) can also be added, if necessary. The following diagram shows a hub node configuration with 32MUX-O and 32DMX-O cards installed.

The following diagram shows a 40-channel hub node configuration with 40-WSS-C cards installed.

The following diagram shows the channel flow for a hub node. Up to 32 channels from the client ports are multiplexed and equalized onto one fiber. Then, multiplexed channels are transmitted to the OPT-BST amplifier. The OPT-BST output is combined with an output signal from the OSCM card and transmitted to the other side. Received signals are divided between the OSCM card and an OPT-PRE card. Dispersion compensation is applied to the signal received by the OPT-PRE amplifier, and it is then sent to the 32DMX-O card, which demultiplexes and attenuates the input signal.

In a mesh ring network, the ONS 15454 requires a node configuration that prevents ASE accumulation and lasing. An anti-ASE node can be created by configuring a hub node or an OADM node with some modifications. No channels can travel through the express path, but they can be demultiplexed and dropped at the channel level on one side and added and multiplexed on the other side.

The hub node is the preferred node configuration when some channels are connected in pass-through mode. For rings that require a limited number of channels, combine AD-xB-xx.x and 4MD-xx.x cards, or cascade AD-xC-xx.x cards.

The following diagram shows an anti-ASE node that uses all wavelengths in the pass-through mode. Use Cisco TransportPlanner to determine the best configuration for anti-ASE nodes.

A line amplifier node is a single ONS 15454 node that is used to amplify the optical signal in long spans. The line amplifier node can be equipped with one of the following sets of cards:

• Two OPT-PRE cards, two OPT-BST cards, and two OSCM cards

• Two OPT-PRE cards and two OSC-CSM cards

• Two OPT-AMP-17-C cards and two OSCM cards

• Two OPT-AMP-C cards and two OSCM cards

Attenuators might also be required between each preamplifier and OPT-BST amplifier to match the optical input power value and to maintain the amplifier gain tilt value.

Two OSCM cards are connected to the OPT-BST cards to multiplex the OSC signal with the pass-though channels. If the node does not contain a booster card, OSC-CSM cards must be installed instead of OSCM cards. The following diagram shows an example of a line amplifier node configuration using OPT-BST, OPT-PRE, and OSCM cards.

The line amplifier can be equipped with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards to achieve in fiber amplification. The following diagram shows an example of a line amplifier node with Raman amplification using OPT-RAMP-C cards.

A node layout equipped with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards without post-amplifiers is used when post-amplification of the optical signal is not required.

This layout is used in the following scenarios:

• The fiber is non-linear with high Raman gain (12.5 dB)

• The span length is 13 to 22 dB

There are three node layouts without post-amplifiers:

1. Line amplifier node equipped with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards on Side A and Side B.

2. Line amplifier node equipped with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE and booster cards on Side A and OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards on Side B and vice-versa.

3. Line amplifier node equipped with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE and booster cards on Side A and OSC-CSM cards on Side B and vice-versa.

The following figure shows an example of a line amplifier node with OPT-RAMP-C cards on Side A and Side B.

The following diagram shows an example of a line amplifier node with a standard Raman configuration (OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE and booster cards) on Side A and a Raman only configuration (OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards) on Side B.

The following diagram shows an example of a line amplifier node with a standard Raman configuration (OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE and booster cards) on Side A and an OSC-CSM configuration on Side B.

The OSC regeneration node is added to the DWDM networks for two purposes:

• To electrically regenerate the OSC channel whenever the span links are 37 dB or longer and payload amplification and add/drop capabilities are not present. Cisco TransportPlanner places an OSC regeneration node in spans longer than 37 dB. The span between the OSC regeneration node and the next DWDM network site cannot be longer than 31 dB.

• To add data communications network (DCN) capability wherever needed within the network.

OSC regeneration nodes require two OSC-CSM cards, as shown in the following figure. The cards are installed in each side of the shelf.

The following figure shows the OSC regeneration line node signal flow.

When the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card is equipped in an add/drop node, the booster amplifier is mandatory and cannot be replaced by an OSC-CSM card. The preamplifier is an OPT-BST, OPT-BST-E, or OPT-AMP-C card, and must be cabled as an unidirectional card. Note that the COM-TX and LINE-RX ports must not be used for any other connections. If a single module ROADM 40-SMR-1-C is used as an add/drop card, a preamplifier is not required. If a single module ROADM 40-SMR-2-C is used as an add/drop card, both the preamplifier and booster are not required.

The following diagram shows the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card in an add/drop node.

When required, a DCN extension can be used on A/D Side (i).

Side (i) can be equipped with the following cards:

• WSS + DMX

• AD-xC

• 40-WXC-C or 80-WXC-C + MUX + DMX

• Single module ROADM

The OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card can be equipped in a line site node with a booster amplifier in the following configurations:

• OPT-BST and OPT-BST-E can be used as booster in a line site node with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE. The booster cards need to be cabled as bidirectional units. The following figure shows the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card in a line site configuration.

  

• The OPT-AMP-C can be used as a booster in a line site node with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE and needs to be cabled as a bidirectional unit. An additional DCU unit can be equipped between the OPT-AMP-C DC ports. The following figure shows a line site configured with OPT-AMP-C card and an additional DCU unit.

  

• A line site can be configured with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card on one side only. The following figure shows the line site configured with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE on side A only. The booster is configured on side B.

  

In all configurations, the booster amplifier facing the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card is mandatory for safety reasons.

The OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card can be equipped in a line site node in the following configurations:

• A symmetric Raman configuration without post-amplifiers with an OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card on Side A and Side B in a line site node (see the following figure). In this configuration, the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards do not support DCU units.

  

• An asymmetric configuration of a line site node where Side A is a standard Raman configuration equipped with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE and booster cards and Side B is a Raman configuration without post-amplifiers and is equipped with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards (see the following figure). Side B does not support DCU units.

  

• An asymmetric configuration of a line site node where Side A is a Raman configuration without post-amplifier equipped with OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards (without DCU units) and Side B is configured with OSC-CSM cards (see the following figure).

  

In a channel protection configuration, the PSM card is used in conjunction with a TXP/MXP card. The PSM card in a channel protection configuration can be used in any site apart from a terminal site.

The following figure shows the DWDM functional view of a PSM card in channel protection configuration.

In this configuration, the COM-RX and COM-TX ports of the PSM card are connected to the TXP/MXP trunk ports. This configuration is applicable to an n-degree MSTP node, for example, a two-degree ROADM, an n-degree ROADM, or an OADM node. The example block diagram shows a two-degree node with Side A and Side B as the two sides. The Side A and Side B fiber-stage block can be DWDM cards that are used to amplify transmitted or received signal (see the Fiber Stage for the list of cards). The Side A and Side B add/drop stage block can be DWDM cards that can add and drop traffic (see the A/D Stage for the list of cards).

In the transmit direction, the traffic originating from a TXP/MXP trunk port is split by the PSM card on to the W-TX and P-TX ports. The W-TX and P-TX ports are connected to the ADD-RX ports of the add/drop stage cards in Side A and Side B respectively. The add/drop stage cards multiplex traffic on Side A and Side B line ports that become the working and protect paths respectively.

In the receive direction, the W-RX and P-RX ports of the PSM card are connected to the DROP-TX ports of the add/drop stage cards on Side A and Side B respectively. The add/drop stage cards demultiplex traffic received from Side A and Side B line ports that are the working and protect paths respectively. The PSM card selects one of the two input signals on the W-RX and P-RX ports to be transmitted to the COM-RX port of the PSM card.

Note	All traffic multiplexed or demultiplexed by the two add/drop stage cards is not protected.

The PSM card performs multiplex section protection when connected between a multiplexer/demultiplexer card in a terminal site. The multiplexer/demultiplexer stage can be built using WSS and DMX or 40MUX and 40DMX cards. The terminal sites can be 50/100 Ghz band. The number of supported channels can therefore be 32/40 or 72/80.

The following figure shows the block diagram of a PSM card in multiplex section protection configuration.

In the transmit direction, the traffic originating from a TXP trunk port is multiplexed by the Side A multiplexer. The PSM card splits traffic on to the W-TX and P-TX ports, which are independently amplified by two separated booster amplifiers.

In the receive direction, the signal on the line ports is preamplified by two separate preamplifiers and the PSM card selects one of the two input signals on the W-RX and P-RX ports to be transmitted to the COM-RX port of the PSM card. The received signal is then demultiplexed to a TXP card.

The presence of a booster amplifier is not mandatory. However, if a DCN extension is used, the W-TX and P-TX ports of the PSM card can be connected directly to the line. The presence of a preamplifier is also not mandatory.

Note	The PSM card cannot be used with Raman amplification in a line protection or section protection configuration.

In a line protection configuration, the working and protect ports of the PSM card are connected directly to the external line. This configuration is applicable to any MSTP node that is configured as a terminal site. The multiplexer/demultiplexer stage can be built using WSS and DMX, 40MUX and 40DMX, 40-SMR1-C and 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD, or 40-SMR2-C and 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD units. The terminal sites can be 50/100 Ghz band. The number of supported channels can therefore be 32/40 or 72/80.

The following figure shows the block diagram of a PSM card in line protection configuration.

In the transmit direction, the traffic originating from a transponder trunk port is multiplexed by the Side A multiplexer and amplified by a booster amplifier. The Line-TX port of the amplifier is connected to the COM-RX port of the PSM card. The PSM card splits traffic received on the COM-RX port on to the W-TX and P-TX ports, which form the working and protect paths.

In the receive direction, the PSM card selects one of the two input signals on the W-RX and P-RX ports to be transmitted to the COM-RX port of the PSM card. The received signal is then preamplified and demultiplexed to the TXP card.

The presence of a booster amplifier is not mandatory. However, if a DCN extension is used, the COM-RX port of the PSM card is connected to the multiplex section. The presence of a preamplifier is also not mandatory; the COM-TX port of the PSM card can be connected to the demultiplexer.

Note	The PSM card cannot be used with Raman amplification in a line protection or section protection configuration.

In a standalone configuration, the PSM card can be equipped in any slot and supports all node configurations. In this configuration, the PSM card provides only basic functionality, such as, protection against a fiber cut, optical safety, and automatic laser shutdown (ALS). It does not provide other functionalities such as, automatic power control (APC), automatic node setup (ANS), network and node alarm correlation, circuit management, and so on.

Multishelf configurations are configured by Cisco TransportPlanner and are automatically discovered by the CTC software. In a typical multishelf installation, all optical units are equipped on the node controller shelf and TXP/MXP cards are equipped in the aggregated subtended shelves. In addition, all empty slots in the node controller shelf can be equipped with TXP/MXP cards. In a DWDM mesh network, up to eight optical sides can be configured with client and optical cards installed in different shelves to support mesh and ring-protected signal output.

Note	When a DWDM ring or network has to be managed through a Telcordia operations support system (OSS), every node in the network must be set up as multi-shelf. OLA sites and nodes with one shelf must be set up as “multi-shelf stand-alone” to avoid the use of LAN switches.

A multishelf node provides the same communication channels as a single-shelf node:

• OSC links terminate on OSCM/OSC-CSM cards. Two links are required between each node. An OSC link between two nodes cannot be substituted by an equivalent generic communications channel/data communications channel (GCC/DCC) link terminated on the same pair of nodes. OSC links are mandatory and they can be used to connect a node to a gateway network element (GNE).

• GCC/DCC links terminate on TXP/MXP cards.

The maximum number of DCC/GCC/OSC terminations that are supported in a multishelf node is 48.

Note	Optical Service Channel can be created on the OC3 port of the TNC, TNCE, and TNCS cards.

All MSTP nodes can be modelled according to the following figure.

Each MSTP node side includes DWDM units that can be conceptually divided into three stages.

• Fiber stage—The set of DWDM cards with ports that directly or indirectly face the span.

• A/D stage—The add/drop stage.

• TXP/MXP stage—The virtual grouping of all TXP or MXP cards with signals multiplexed or demultiplexed to and from the physical fiber stage.

Side line ports are ports that are physically connected to the spans. Side line ports can be:

• All ports terminating the fiber stage and physically labeled as LINE, such as ports on the following cards:

  • Booster amplifier (OPT-BST, OPT-BST-E, or OPT-BST-L cards, and the OPT-AMP-C, OPT-AMP-L, or OPT-AMP-17-C cards when provisioned in OPT-LINE mode)

  • OSC-CSM

  • OPT-RAMP-C

• All ports that can be physically connected to the external span using DCN terminations, such as:

  • Booster amplifier LINE-RX and LINE-TX ports

  • OSC-CSM LINE-RX and LINE-TX ports

  • 40-WXC-C COM-RX and COM-TX ports

  • MMU EXP-A-RX and EXP-A-TX ports

• All ports that can be physically connected to the external span using DCN terminations in a line node, such as:

  • Preamplifier (OPT-PRE card and the OPT-AMP-C, OPT-AMP-L, or OPT-AMP-17-C cards when provisioned in OPT-PRE mode) COM-RX and COM-TX ports

  • Booster amplifier COM-TX port

  • OSC-CSM COM-TX port

• All ports that can be physically connected to the external span using DCN terminations in a 40-channel MUX/DMX terminal node, such as:

  • 40-MUX-C COM-TX port

  • 40-DMX-C COM-RX port

• All ports that can be physically connected to the external span when PSM cards implement line protection:

  • PSM W-TX and W-RX ports

  • PSM P-TX and P-RX ports

    Note	PSM card will support two sides A(w) and A(p).

You can use the following Side IDs depending on the type of node layout:

• In legacy nodes (that is, a node with no provisioned or installed 40-WXC-C cards), the permissible Side IDs are only A and B.

• In four-degree mesh nodes with four or less 40-WXC-C cards installed, the permissible Side IDs are A, B, C, and D.

• In eight-degree mesh nodes with eight or less 40-WXC-C cards installed, the allowed Side IDs are A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H.

The system automatically assigns Side IDs when you import the CTP XML configuration file into CTC. You can create a side manually using CTC or TL1 if the following conditions are met:

• You use a permissible side identifier, A through H.

• The shelf contains a TX and an RX side line port (see the Side Line Ports).

• The side line ports are not connected to an internal patchcord.

  Note	We do not recommend that you manually create or modify ONS 15454 optical sides.

The following tables show examples of how the system automatically assigns Side IDs for common DWDM layouts.

The following table shows a standard ROADM shelf with Sides A and B provisioned. The shelf is connected to seven shelves containing TXP, MXP, ADM-10G, GE_XP, 10GE_XP, GE_XPE, and 10GE_XPE cards.

The following table shows a protected ROADM shelf. In this example, Side A and B are Slots 1 through 6 in Shelves 1 and 2. 40-WSS-C/40-WSS-CE/40-DMX-C or 40-WSS-CE/40-DMX-CE cards are installed in Sides A and B. Slots 12 through 17 in Shelves 1 and 2 contain TXP, MXP, ADM-10G, GE_XP, 10GE_XP, GE_XPE, or 10GE_XPE cards.

The following table shows a four-degree mesh node. Side A is Shelf 1, Slots 1 through 6. Side B and C are Shelf 2, Slots 1 through 6 and 12 through 17, and Side D is Shelf 3, Slots 1 through 6. 40-WXC-C cards in line termination mode are installed in Sides A through D.

The following table shows a protected four-degree mesh node example. In the example, Sides A through D are assigned to Slots 1 through 6 in Shelves 1 through 4.

The following table shows a protected four-degree mesh node example. In the example, Sides A through D are assigned to Slots 1 through 4 in Shelves 1 through 4, and TXP, MXP, ADM-10G, GE_XP, 10GE_XP, GE_XPE, or 10GE_XPE cards are installed in Shelves 1 through 4, Slots 12-17, and Shelves 5 through 8, Slots 1 through 6 and 12 through 17.

The following table shows a four-degree mesh node provisioned as an upgrade. In the example, Sides A through D are assigned to Slots 1 through 4. and 12 through 17 in Shelves 1and 2. 40-WXC-C cards in XC termination mode are installed in Sides A and B, and 40-WXC-C cards in line termination mode are installed in Sides C and D.

The following table shows an eight-degree mesh node. In the example, Sides A through H are assigned to Slots 1 through 6 in Shelf 1, Slots 1 through 6 and 12 through 17 in Shelves 2 through 4, and Slots 1 through 6 in Shelf 5. 40-WXC-C cards in line termination mode are installed in Sides A through H.

The following table shows another eight-degree mesh node. In the example, Sides A through H are assigned to Slots 1 through 6 in all shelves (Shelves 1 through 8). 40-WXC-C cards in line termination mode are installed in Sides A through H.

The following table shows a four-degree mesh node with a user-defined side. Because the software assigns sides consecutively, and because the mesh node is four-degrees, the side assigned to Shelf 5, Slots 1 through 6 is “Unknown.”

The line termination mesh node is installed in mesh networks. Line termination mesh nodes can support between one and eight line terminations. Each line direction requires the following cards: 40-WXC-C, 40-MUX-C, 40-DMX-C or 40-DMX-CE, a preamplifier and a booster. Within this configuration, the following substitutions can be used:

• The 40-MUX-C cards can be replaced with 40-WSS-C/40-WSS-CE cards.

• The OPT-BST cards can be replaced with OPT-AMP-17-C (in OPT-BST mode) and/or OPT-BST-E cards.

• The OPT-PRE can be replaced with an OPT-AMP-17-C (in OPT-LINE mode) card.

Each side of the line termination mesh node is connected as follows:

• The 40-WXC-C COM-RX port is connected to the preamplifier output port.

• The 40-WXC-C COM-TX port is connected to the booster amplifier COM-RX port.

• The 40-WXC-C DROP TX port is connected to the 40-DMX-C or 40-DMX-CE COM-RX port.

• The 40-WXC-C ADD-RX port is connected to the 40-MUX-C COM-TX port.

• The 40-WXC-C EXP-TX port is connected to the mesh patch panel.

• The 40-WXC-C EXP-RX port is connected to the mesh patch panel.

The following figure shows one shelf from a line termination node.

The following figure shows a functional block diagram of one line termination side using 40-WXC-C and 40-MUX-C cards.

The following figure shows a functional block diagram line termination side using 40-WXC-C and 40-WSS-C cards.

The following figure shows a functional block diagram of a node that interconnects a ROADM with MMU cards with two native line termination mesh sides.

Line termination mesh nodes using 80-WXC-C cards can support between one and eight line terminations. Each line direction requires the following units: 80-WXC-C, 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD, and 15216-MD-40-EVEN, 15216-EF-40-EVEN, or 15216-MD-48-EVEN, 15216-MD-ID-50 or 15216-MD-48-CM, a preamplifier, and a booster.

• The OPT-BST cards can be replaced with OPT-AMP-17-C (in OPT-BST mode) or OPT-BST-E cards.

• The OPT-PRE can be replaced with an OPT-AMP-17-C (in OPT-LINE mode) card.

Each side of the line termination mesh node is connected as follows:

• The 80-WXC-C COM-RX port is connected to the preamplifier output port.

• The 80-WXC-C COM port is connected to the booster amplifier COM-RX port.

• The 80-WXC-C DROP TX port is connected to the COM-RX (ODD+EVEN-RX) port of 15216-MD-ID-50 or 15216-MD-48-CM. The ODD-TX port of the 15216-MD-ID-50 or 15216-MD-48-CM is connected to the COM-RX port of 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD; and the EVEN-TX port of the 15216-MD-ID-50 or 15216-MD-48-CM is connected to the COM-RX port of 15216-MD-40-EVEN, 15216-EF-40-EVEN, or 15216-MD-48-EVEN.

• The 80-WXC-C AD port is connected to the COM-TX (ODD+EVEN-TX) port of 15216-MD-ID-50 or 15216-MD-48-CM. The ODD-RX port of the 15216-MD-ID-50 or 15216-MD-48-CM is connected to the COM-TX port of 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD; and the EVEN-RX port of the 15216-MD-ID-50 or 15216-MD-48-CM is connected to the COM-TX port of 15216-MD-40-EVEN, 15216-EF-40-EVEN, or 15216-MD-48-EVEN.

• The 80-WXC-C EXP-TX port is connected to the mesh patch panel.

The following figure shows the layout for a line termination node.

The following figure shows the functional block diagram of a four-degree line termination mesh node using 80-WXC-C, 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, 15216-MD-48-ODD, 15216-MD-40-EVEN, 15216-EF-40-EVEN, or 15216-MD-48-EVEN and a PP MESH-4. Wavelengths entering from side(i) can be routed to any of the other n-1 sides where n is defined by the PP MESH type.

Line termination mesh nodes using the 40-SMR2-C cards can support between one and four line terminations. Each line direction requires the 40-SMR2-C and 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD units. Although it is recommended that you use the 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel along with the 40-SMR2-C card, you can alternatively use the 40-MUX-C and 40-DMX-C cards instead of the 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD patch panel.

Each side of the line termination mesh node is connected as follows:

• The 40-SMR2-C LINE-RX port is connected to the external line.

• The 40-SMR2-C LINE-TX port is connected to the external line.

• The 40-SMR2-C DROP TX port is connected to the 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD (or 40-DMX-C) COM-RX port.

• The 40-SMR2-C ADD-RX port is connected to the 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD (or 40-MUX-C) COM-TX port.

• The 40-SMR2-C EXP-TX port is connected to the mesh patch panel.

• The 40-SMR2-C EXPi-RX (where i = 1, 2, 3) port is connected to the mesh patch panel.

The following figure shows the layout for a line termination node.

The following figure shows the functional block diagram of a four-degree line termination mesh node using 40-SMR2-C, 15216-MD-40-ODD, 15216-EF-40-ODD, or 15216-MD-48-ODD, and PP-4-SMR patch panel.

The XC termination mesh node, shown in the following diagram, is the second mesh node type. It is used to upgrade a non-mesh node to a mesh node or to interconnect two non-mesh nodes. The XC termination mesh nodes contain the following cards:

• 40-WXC-C cards

• OPT-AMP-17-C cards configured in OPT-PRE mode

The XC termination mesh node is connected as follows:

• The 40-WXC-C COM-RX port is connected to the MMU EXP-A-TX port.

• The 40-WXC-C COM-TX port is connected to the MMU EXP-A-RX port.

• The 40-WXC-C EXP-TX port is connected to the OPT-AMP-17-C COM-RX port.

• The 40-WXC-C EXP-RX port is connected to the OPT-AMP-17-C COM-TX port.

• The 40-WXC-C EXP-TX port is connected to the mesh patch panel.

• The 40-WXC-C EXP-RX port is connected to the mesh patch panel.

  

Mesh topologies require the installation of a four-degree patch panel, PP-MESH-4 (for 40-WXC-C cards) or PP-4-SMR (for 40-SMR2-C cards) or an eight-degree patch panel, PP-MESH-8 (for 40-WXC-C cards). If the four-degree patch panel is installed, mesh topologies of up to four degrees can be created. If the eight-degree patch panel is installed, mesh topologies of up to eight degrees can be created. The four-degree patch panel contains four 1x4 optical splitters, and the eight-degree patch panel contains eight 1x8 splitters. Each mesh patch panel contains a 2x8 splitter that is used for the test access transmit and receive ports. The following figure shows a block diagram for the PP-MESH-4 patch panel.

At the mesh patch panel, the signal is split into four signals (if a four-degree patch panel is used) or eight signals (if an eight-degree patch panel is used). The following figure shows the signal flow at the four-degree PP-MESH-4 patch panel. 40-WXC-C cards connect to the four-degree patch panel at the EXP TX and COM RX ports.

The mesh patch panels interconnect 40-WXC-C cards to create mesh networks, including four-degree and eight-degree mesh topologies. In addition, shelves with 40-WXC-C cards can be configured with mesh patch panels to create multiring, MMU-based mesh nodes. 40-WXC-C cards can be installed in ROADM nodes with MMU cards to upgrade a two-degree MMU-based ROADM node into four-degree or eight-degree mesh nodes.

The following diagram shows the block diagram of the four-degree PP-4-SMR patch panel connected to one 40-SMR2-C card. The 40-SMR2-C cards connect to the PP-4-SMR patch panel at the EXP RX ports.

You can use the PP-4-SMR patch panel to connect up to four 40-SMR2-C cards in a four-degree mesh node. The optical splitters inside the patch panel forward the output signal (EXP-TX port) of the 40-SMR2-C card on each side of the mesh node to the input port of the 40-SMR2-C cards on the other three sides of the mesh node. The 4x1 WXC block inside the 40-SMR2-C card selects which wavelength from which side must be propagated at the output of each side. The following figure shows the signal flow at the four-degree PP-4-SMR patch panel. 40-SMR2-C cards connect to the four-degree patch panel at the EXP-TX and EXP-RX ports.

Normally, multidegree mesh node use four or eight 40-WXC-C cards and a four-degree or eight-degree patch panel. Each of the 40-WXC-C cards uses a 40-MUX-C card to add wavelengths going to the span and a 40-DMX-C card to drop wavelengths coming in from the span. The 40-MUX-C and 40-DMX-C cards are connected to only one of the node directions. These cards can add/drop traffic only to/from the side that is associated to the 40-WXC-C card. The omni-directional configuration allows you to install a local multiplexer/demultiplexer that can add/drop traffic to/from any of the node directions. The following diagram shows an example of how to set up a omni-directional add/drop configuration.

By setting up a NE as shown in the figure, it is possible to connect the transmit ports of TXP or MXP cards to a 40-MUX-C card and then connect the output of the 40-MUX-C card to an OPT-BST card. The OPT-BST card then connects to a preferred 40-WXC-C card in the four-degree or eight-degree ROADM node (40-WXC-C connected to port 4 of PP-MESH-4, as shown in the figure).

The patch panel splits the traffic coming from the OPT-BST card in all the node directions, through the software configuration. The wavelengths entering the 40-WXC-C cards (ports 1, 2, and 3) can be selectively sent out in any desired outbound direction. In the inbound direction, the patch panel on the preferred 40-WXC-C card, splits any of the wavelengths entering the NE through the 40-WXC-C cards (ports 1, 2, and 3). Through the software configuration, the wavelength can be passed to an OPT-PRE card or stopped. This whole configuration can be managed using a single IP address

An example of using a mesh node for omni-directional add/drop section is shown in the following figure.

OSC link termination cabling include the following characteristics:

• The OPT-BST and OSC-CSM cards are the only cards that directly interface with the line (span) fiber.

• The OSCM card only carries optical service channels, not DWDM channels.

• The OSCM and OSC-CSM cards cannot both be installed on the same side of the shelf (Side B or Side A). You can have different cards on each side, for example an OSCM card on Side A and an OSC-CSM card on Side B.

• When an OPT-BST card and an OSC-CSM card are both used on the same side of the node, the OPT-BST card combines the supervision channel with the DWDM channels and the OSC-CSM card acts as an OSCM card; it does not carry DWDM traffic.

• If an OPT-BST and an OSCM card are installed on Side B, the Side B OPT-BST OSC RX port is connected to the Side B OSCM TX port, and the Side B OPT-BST OSC TX port is connected to the Side B OSCM RX port.

• If an OPT-BST and an OSC-CSM card are installed on Side B, the Side B OPT-BST OSC RX port is connected to the Side B OSC-CSM LINE TX port, and the Side B OPT-BST OSC TX port is connected to the Side B OSC-CSM LINE RX port.

• If an OPT-BST and an OSCM card are installed on Side A, the Side A OPT-BST OSC TX port is connected to the Side A OSCM RX port, and the Side A OPT-BST OSC RX port is connected to the Side A OSCM TX port.

• If an OPT-BST and an OSC-CSM card are installed on Side A, the Side A OPT-BST OSC TX port is connected to the Side A OSC-CSM LINE RX port, and the Side A OPT-BST OSC RX port is connected to the Side A OSC-CSM LINE TX port.

  The following figure shows an example of OSC fibering for a hub node with OSCM cards installed.

  

The following rules generally apply to hub node cabling:

• The Side A OPT-BST or OSC-CSM card common (COM) TX port is connected to the Side A OPT-PRE COM RX port or the Side A 32DMX-O/40-DMX-C/40-DMX-CE COM RX port.

• The Side A OPT-PRE COM TX port is connected to the Side A 32DMX-O/40-DMX-C/40-DMX-CE COM RX port.

• The Side A 32MUX-O/32WSS/32WSS-L COM TX port is connected to the Side A OPT-BST or Side A OSC-CSM COM RX port.

• The Side B 32MUX-O/32WSS/32WSS-L COM TX port is connected to the Side B OPT-BST or Side B OSC-CSM COM RX port.

• The Side B OPT-BST or Side B OSC-CSM COM TX port is connected to the Side B OPT-PRE COM RX port or the Side B 32DMX-O/32DMX COM RX port.

• The Side B OPT-PRE COM TX port is connected to the Side B 32DMX-O/32DMX COM RX port.

  The following diagram shows an example of a hub node with cabling. In the example, OSCM cards are installed. If OSC-CSM cards are installed, they are usually installed in Slots 1 and 17.

  

The following rules generally apply to terminal node cabling:

• A terminal site has only one side (as compared to a hub node, which has two sides). The terminal side can be either Side B or Side A.

• The terminal side OPT-BST or OSC-CSM card COM TX port is connected to the terminal side OPT-PRE COM RX port or the 32DMX-O/40-DMX-C/40-DMX-CE COM RX port.

• The terminal side OPT-PRE COM TX port is connected to the terminal side 32DMX-O/40-DMX-C/40-DMX-CE COM RX port.

• The terminal side 32MUX-O/40-MUX-C COM TX port is connected to the terminal side OPT-BST or OSC-CSM COM RX port.

The following rules generally apply to line amplifier node cabling:

• The line amplifier node layout allows all combinations of OPT-PRE and OPT-BST cards and allows you to use asymmetrical card choices in Side A-to-Side B and Side B-to-Side A configurations. For a given line direction, you can configure the four following possibilities:

  • Only preamplification (OPT-PRE)

  • Only booster amplification (OPT-BST)

  • Both preamplification and booster amplification (where a line amplifier node has amplification in at least one direction)

  • Neither preamplification nor booster amplification

• If a Side A OPT-PRE card is installed:

  • The Side A OSC-CSM or OPT-BST COM TX is connected to the Side A OPT-PRE COM RX port.

  • The Side A OPT-PRE COM TX port is connected to the Side B OSC-CSM or OPT-BST COM RX port.

  • If a Side A OPT-PRE card is not installed, the Side A OSC-CSM or OPT-BST COM TX port is connected to the Side B OSC-CSM or OPT-BST COM RX port.

  • If a Side B OPT-PRE card is installed:

    • The Side B OSC-CSM or OPT-BST COM TX port is connected to the Side B OPT-PRE COM RX port.

    • The Side B OPT-PRE COM TX port is connected to the Side A OSC-CSM or OPT-BST COM RX port.

  • If an Side B OPT-PRE card is not installed, the Side B OSC-CSM or OPT-BST COM TX port is connected to the Side A OSC-CSM or OPT-BST COM RX port.

    The following figure shows an example of a line amplifier node with cabling.

    

The following rules generally apply to OSC regeneration node cabling:

• The Side A OSC-CSM COM TX port connects to the Side B OSC-CSM COM RX port.

• The Side A OSC-CSM COM RX port connects to the Side B OSC-CSM COM TX port.

• Slots 2 through 5 and 12 through 16 can be used for TXP and MXP cards.

  The following figure shows an example of an OSC regeneration node with cabling.

  

The following rules generally apply to ROADM node cabling:

• The Side A OPT-BST or OSC-CSM COM TX port is connected to the Side A OPT-PRE COM RX port.

• The Side A OPT-PRE COM TX port is connected to the Side A 32WSS COM RX port.

• The Side A OPT-BST or OSC-CSM COM RX port is connected to the Side A 32WSS COM TX port.

• The Side A OPT-BST (if installed) OSC TX port is connected to the Side A OSCM RX port.

• The Side A OPT-BST (if installed) OSC RX port is connected to the Side A OSCM TX port.

• The Side A 32WSS EXP TX port is connected to the Side B 32WSS EXP RX port.

• The Side A 32WSS EXP RX port is connected to the Side B 32WSS EXP TX port.

• The Side A 32WSS DROP TX port is connected to the Side A 32DMX COM RX port.

• The Side A 40-WSS-C/40-WSS-CE DROP TX port is connected to the Side A 40-DMX-C or 40-DMX-CE COM RX port.

• The Side B OPT-BST or OSC-CSM COM TX port is connected to the Side B OPT-PRE COM RX port.

• The Side B OPT-PRE COM TX port is connected to the Side B 32WSS COM RX port.

• The Side B OPT-BST or OSC-CSM COM RX port is connected to the Side B 32WSS COM TX port.

• The Side B OPT-BST (if installed) OSC TX port is connected to the Side B OSCM RX port.

• The Side B OPT-BST (if installed) OSC RX port is connected to the Side B OSCM TX port.

• The Side B 32WSS DROP TX port is connected to the Side B 32DMX COM RX port.

• The Side B 40-WSS-C/40-WSS-CE DROP TX port is connected to the Side B 40-DMX-C or 40-DMX-CE COM RX port.

  The following diagram shows an example of an amplified ROADM node with cabling.

  Note	This is an example. Always install fiber-optic cables based on the Cisco TransportPlanner Internal Connections table for your site.

The following ANS parameters drive the node regulations in the Raman node:

• Power (DC-TX port)—It is the per channel output power level that is allowed on the embedded erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) amplification stage of the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card. The power can be measured accurately only when the value of the internal VOA is set to 0 dB. During circuit creation, the Power (DC-TX port) setpoint is used to calculate the Gain of the embedded EDFA(GEDFA) in the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card. The GEDFA setpoint has a direct impact on the actual gain tilt that the embedded EDFA generates. If the value of the GEDFA is greater than or less than the optimum Gain (G OPTIMUM) setpoint of the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card, the output spectrum is affected by a positive or negative gain tilt.

  The G OPTIMUM setpoints for the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards are:

  • OPT-RAMP-C —14 dB

  • OPT-RAMP-CE —11 dB

    The APC automatically calculates the gain tilt. The difference between the G OPTIMUM and GEDFA values of every 1 dB causes a gain tilt of 0.7 dB. Setting an appropriate counter-tilt setpoint on the first amplifier card that is present downstream of the embedded EDFA, compensates the gain tilt.

• Power (COM-TX port)—It is the per channel power level that is allowed on the COM-TX port of the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card. The Power (COM-TX port) setpoint and the DCU insertion loss is used to calculate the attenuation value of the internal VOA of the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card when the first circuit is provisioned. The Power (COM-TX port) setpoint ensures that the power levels at the input port of the amplifier cards (configured in the OPT-PRE or the OPT-LINE mode) downstream are stable. CTP generates the setpoint to suit the optimum Gain range of the amplifier card used.

• Power (LINE-TX port)—It is the per channel power setpoint that is allowed on the LINE-TX output port. The amplifiers that are present downstream of the OPT-RAMP-C card can be configured as OPT-PRE in ROADM nodes or as OPT-LINE in optical line amplifier (OLA) nodes. When the first circuit is provisioned, the Power (LINE-TX port) setpoint is used to automatically calculate the Gain.

• Amplifier Tilt (LINE-TX port)—It is the gain tilt (TILT CTP) that CTP calculates based on the output power of the amplifier configured as OPT-PRE in ROADM nodes or as OPT-LINE in OLA nodes. This is the target value to be reached after circuit creation. The APC dynamically adjusts the tilt reference (TILT REFERENCE) value to meet the target taking into consideration the Raman tilt (TILT RAMAN) that the Raman installation wizard calculates and the EDFA tilt (TILT EDFA) that is calculated by the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card based on its GEDFA value:

  TILT CTP setpoint = TILT RAMAN + TILT EDFA + TILT REFERENCE

The TCC automatically identifies the node layout as “Raman Only” and regulates the amplifiers and VOA.

The following ANS parameters drive the node regulations in the Raman node without post-amplifiers:

• Amplifier Tilt (DC-TX port)—CTP configures a predefined tilt value in the range of +/- 1.5 dB on the embedded EDFA, based on the optical characteristics of the fiber downstream of the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card. The embedded EDFA amplifier in OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards work in the fixed gain mode. The GEDFA is equal to the G OPTIMUM setpoint by default and ensures a flat output spectrum.

  The G OPTIMUM setpoints of the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards are:

  • OPT-RAMP-C—14 dB

  • OPT-RAMP-CE—11 dB

    If the tilt reference value is not equal to zero, it has a direct impact on the GEDFA. The APC changes the tilt reference value and consequently the GEDFA by taking the system tilt contribution accumulated along the transmission line.

• POWER (LINE-TX port)—It is the maximum per channel power level that is allowed on the LINE-TX port of the OPT-RAMP-C, OPT-RAMP-CE, or OSC-CSM card in accordance to the node layout. CTP calculates this setpoint to ensure that the system does not suffer from non-linear effects. The APC can change the power levels based on the traffic pattern and fiber type but never exceeds the setpoint value.

Raman amplification occurs in the optical fiber and the consequent Raman gain depends on the characteristics of the span (attenuator presence, fiber type, junctions, etc.). As two Raman pumps at two different wavelengths are used to stimulate the Raman effect, not only is the total signal power calculation significant, but the right mix of power to ensure gain flatness is crucial. These set points of the total Raman power and Raman ratio can be configured on the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card in three ways:

• Raman installation wizard

• CTP XML file

• CTC/TL1 interface

Raman amplification on OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE cards depends on the optical fiber installed. Therefore, Raman total power and Raman ratio values calculated using the Raman installation wizard via CTC is more accurate than the values provisioned by loading the CTP XML file. For this reason, the value provisioned using the wizard cannot be overridden by the CTP XML file. However, the values provisioned using the wizard or the CTP XML file can be overriden by manually provisioning the parameters.

When the Raman installation is completed, a report of the status of Raman configuration on a node in the OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card can be viewed in the Maintenance > Installation tab when you are in card view.

The Installation tab displays the following fields:

• User—Name of user who configured the Raman pump.

• Date—Date when the Raman pump was configured.

• Status

  • Raman Not Tuned—The OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card was provisioned but ANS was not launched.

  • Tuned by ANS—ANS was run successfully and the basic ANS parameters were applied.

  • Tuned by Wizard—The Raman installation wizard was run successfully without errors.

  • Tuned by User Acceptance—The Raman installation wizard was completed with errors and the user accepted the values that the wizard calculated.

  • Raman is Tuning—The Raman installation wizard is running.

• S1Low (dBm)—See Table 12-12.

• S1High (dBm)—See Table 12-12.

• S2Low (dBm)—See Table 12-12.

• S2High (dBm)—See Table 12-12.

• Power (mW)—Total Raman power set points.

• Ratio—Raman pump ratio setpoint.

• Gain—Expected Raman gain that the wizard calculated.

• Actual Tilt—Expected Raman tilt that the wizard calculated.

• Fiber Cut Recovery—Status of the fiber cut restoration.

  • Executed—The restore procedure was completed successfully.

  • Pending—The restore procedure is not complete.

  • Failed—The system failed to execute the procedure.

• Fiber Cut Date—Date when the fiber cut occured.

The Raman pump is equipped with two different Raman pumps transmitting powers (P1 and P2) at two different wavelengths Lambda1 and Lambda2. During installation, the two pumps alternatively turn ON and OFF at two different power values. Lambda1 and Lambda2 signals are used as probes at the end of spans to measure Raman gain efficiency of the two Raman pumps separately.

The following diagram shows an example of the Raman gain on an OPT-RAMP-C or OPT-RAMP-CE card in Node B that was measured by setting the wavelength and power measurements as follows:

Lambda1=1530.33 nm signal probe at Node A

Lambda 2=1560.61 nm signal probe at Node A

P1 = 1425 nm power at Node B

P2 = 1452 nm power at Node B

Plow = 100 mW

Phigh = 280 mW

Pmin = 8 mW

Pmax = 450 mW

The S1low, S1high, S2low, and S2low values in the Maintenance > Installation tab are based on the power values read on the LINE-RX port of Node B.

The local and remote nodes, equipped with RAMAN-CTP and RAMAN-COP cards, must follow this sequence to startup the card and complete the Raman link turn up.

1. The distributed feedback laser must be enabled—The RAMAN-CTP cards are equipped with embedded distributed feedback (DFB) lasers that operate at 1568.77 nm. The DFB RX port is capable of detecting very low power levels (-55 dBm or -60 dBm). By default, the DFB laser is disabled and the DFB ports are in IS-AINS (ANSI)/Unlocked,automaticInService (ETSI) state. The DFB ports are moved to IS (ANSI)/Unlocked (ETSI) state and the laser is enabled in pulse mode, by performing either one of the following:

   In a DCN Extension layout, ANS is launched. A side-to-side OTS provisionable patchcord (PPC) is created on the side of the node where the RAMAN-CTP card is installed after the DFB ports are successfully regulated (ports are in service). During the creation of the PPC, the TNC card moves the following ports to the IS (ANSI)/Unlocked (ETSI) state:

   • Ports included in the optical path—LINE ports of the RAMAN-CTP card

   • RAMAN-TX and ASE-RX ports of the RAMAN-CTP card

   • RAMAN-TX port of the RAMAN-COP card (if the card is installed)

     Note

     At this stage, the RAMAN ports do not emit power pulses even though they are in IS (ANSI)/Unlocked (ETSI) state. In an OSC based layout, ANS is launched. An OSC termination is created on the side of the node where the RAMAN-CTP card is installed after the DFB ports are successfully regulated. During creation of the OSC termination, the TNC card moves the following ports to the IS (ANSI)/Unlocked (ETSI) state:

   • Ports included in the optical path—LINE and COM ports of the RAMAN-CTP card and the LINE ports of the line amplifier

   • RAMAN-TX and ASE-RX ports of the RAMAN-CTP card

   • RAMAN-TX port of the RAMAN-COP card (if the card is installed)

     Note	At this stage, the RAMAN ports do not emit power pulses even though they are in IS (ANSI)/Unlocked (ETSI) state. The DFB laser from the local node emits a 5-second pulse every 100 seconds and waits for a similar 5-second pulse in response from the DFB laser on the remote node.

     Note	For short spans, the DFB optical power level must be regulated by the internal VOA (working in constant power mode) using the provisioned value of the DFB power setpoint. The DFB power setpoint is limited to a maximum of +3 dBm.

2. The DFB laser link continuity is checked—The acknowledgement mechanism between the peer DFB modules works in the following manner:

   • The DFB laser on the local node emits a 5-second pulse.

   • The remote node detects a valid signal (value above the DFB LOS Optical Threshold) on the DFB-RX port and responds with a 9-second DFB laser pulse.

   • The local node detects a signal from the remote DFB laser on the DFB-RX port and starts a counter to check the duration of the remote pulse.

   • If the signal is detected for at least 9 seconds, link continuity is verified and the local node moves the DFB laser to steady (active) state.

   • The remote node performs a similar signal validation and eventually the DFB link is active.

     Note	If the DFB-RX port detects a drop in the power below the threshold value before 9 seconds have elapsed, the procedure to check DFB link continuity is restarted.

     Note	If one of the fibers is down, the DFB signal must be in OFF state in the opposite fiber too. The acknowledgement mechanism automatically performs this action.

3. A check for short spans is performed—When the DFB signal is active, a point-to-point measurement of the span loss is done. The node measures the loss on the incoming span because the DFB signal is co-propagating. The insertion loss is the difference between the power value on the DFB-TX port of the remote node and the power value on the DFB-RX port of the local node. If the span loss is less than 20 dB, the RAMAN-CTP card raises the PWR-PROT-ON alarm on the RAMAN-TX port and the Raman pumps stop the startup procedure.

4. Excessive back reflection on RAMAN-CTP cards is checked—After the span loss check is complete, the Raman pumps on the RAMAN-CTP card on the local node are turned on in Automatic Power Reduction (APR) mode at reduced power (10 mW) lasting for 200 ms. The RAMAN-CTP cards perform a back reflection power test using an embedded fail threshold, which is configured during card production. The back reflection test lasts for 500 ms at the maximum. If the back reflection test is successful, the sequence continues with Step 5. If the check fails, the RAMAN-CTP get stuck with the DFB laser in ON state and the Raman pumps do not switch to full power. A Raman Laser Shutdown (RLS) alarm is raised on the RAMAN-TX port, where the failure is detected.

5. Excessive back reflection on RAMAN-COP cards is checked, if the RAMAN-COP cards are installed—The Raman pumps on the RAMAN-CTP card on the local node must shut down after the back reflection test is successful. This allows the same check to be executed by the RAMAN-COP card on the local node without any interference from the RAMAN-CTP card remnant signal.

   When the Raman pumps on the RAMAN-CTP card shut down, a specific command is sent through the backplane lines to the RAMAN-COP card on the local node to turn on the Raman pumps on the RAMAN-COP card to APR mode and perform a back reflection test on the internal connection (RAMAN-TX port of the RAMAN-COP card to the RAMAN-RX port of the RAMAN-CTP card). The back reflection test lasts for a maximum of 500 ms. If the back reflection test is successful, the Raman pumps on RAMAN-COP cards are immediately moved from the APR state to full power using the Total Power setpoint. If the back reflection check fails, the RAMAN-COP pumps get stuck in APR state and a RLS alarm is raised on the RAMAN-TX port, where the failure is detected.

6. The Raman pumps of the RAMAN-CTP card on the local node are moved to full power after the waiting time elapses—When the local RAMAN-CTP card, in Step 5 shuts down its Raman pumps to initiate Raman pump startup of the RAMAN-COP card, it transitions to a waiting mode. After the expiry of 12 seconds, the RAMAN-CTP card must turn up its Raman pumps and move them to full power using the Total Power setpoint irrespective of any alarm that is raised by the RAMAN-COP card in Step 5.

7. The Raman link is tuned—A manual Raman Day 0 tuning procedure must be executed before creating the OCH circuits. The Raman link can also be tuned by the ANS parameters. The Raman amplified span is now ready for traffic provisioning.

8. The OSC link is turned up and the ALS condition is removed on the line amplifiers—When the RAMAN-CTP (and RAMAN-COP, if present) Raman pumps are tuned, the amplification provided in the fiber is sufficient to detect a valid OSC signal, even in very long spans. The OSC detection clears the LOS-O alarm and results in the removal of the ALS condition on the line amplifiers. If an OSC signal is not available, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) Raman noise power received at the LINE-RX port of the line amplifier is sufficient to remove the LOS-O alarm and enable the line amplifier startup.

The RAMAN-CTP and RAMAN-COP (if installed) cards on the remote node must perform the same start up sequence (Steps 4 through 8) in asynchronous mode with respect to the local node.

This figure shows the workflow diagram for Automatic Raman Power Calculation (ARPC).

This section describes the GMPLS-based control plane. The GMPLS control plane can be used to provision optical channels for the DWDM platform.

When a circuit is created using the Circuit Creation wizard in CTC, the circuit does not get provisioned and cannot carry traffic until it is validated by WSON using non-linear and linear impairments such as:

• Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR)

• Chromatic Mode Dispersion (CMD)

• Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)

• Four-Wave Mixing (FWM)

• Self-Phase Modulation (SPM)

• Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL)

• Xtalk

• Chromatic Dispersion (CD)

• Polarization Dependent Gain (PDG)

• Filtering & Frequency Group Delay Ripple (FGDR)

To overcome this problem, a GMPLS-based control plane is now supported that has the capability to validate the optical channel feasibility before a circuit is provisioned. The GMPLS control plane is available with the Cisco ONS 15454DWDM WSON package and is supported on the Cisco ONS 15454, Cisco ONS 15454 M6, and Cisco ONS 15454 M2 platforms. A GMPLS circuit is provisioned only if the optical feasibility is established ensuring transmission of client traffic on the network.

The optical plane uses the GMPLS routing and signalling protocols, such as Open Shortest Path First - Traffic Engineering (OSPF-TE) and Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) to determine available optical routes.

Bandwidth, network protection, traffic engineering, and optimal utilization of network resources are taken into consideration during path computation, validation, and provisioning.

The functions of the GMPLS control plane are:

• Identifying network topology

• Discovering automatically resources, such as Network Elements (NEs), links, paths, wavelengths, and OCH ports

• Calculating optical paths

• Validating optical circuits taking into account the optical impairments

• Provisioning optical channels (OCHCC, OCHNC, and OCH Trail)

• Rerouting wavelength for traffic restoration

In mesh networks consisting of omnidirectional and colorless ROADM nodes, it is possible to provision a circuit using any path and wavelength, without recabling or physical intervention on the site. The GMPLS control plane controls and provisions the DWDM optical interfaces installed on routers by defining the appropriate wavelength.

When resources are added to or removed from the network, the control plane can reroute existing connections through an alternate path having optical feasibility to make the best use of the newly available resources.

The following section provides an additional information on the usage of GMPLS control plane: