Contents

Introduction

Background Information

Prerequisites

Understanding of few related keywords

Requirements

Configure

Step 1

Generate an RSA key-pair

Step 2

Create a CA Trust Point and Associate the RSA keypair with the Trustpoint

Step 3

Step 4

Generating Certificate Signing Requests

NX-OS 8.4(1x) and earlier

NX-OS 8.4(1) and later.

Step 5

Step 6

Verify

Limitations and Caveats

Maximum Limits for CA and Digital Certificate

Caveats

Introduction

This document describes the configuration steps for the configuration of Trustpoint and Certificates in the MDS switches.

Background Information

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) support provides the means for the Cisco Multilayer Director Switch (MDS) 9000 Family switches to obtain and use digital certificates for secure communication in the network. PKI support provides manageability and scalability for IP Security (IPsec), Internet Key Exchange (IKE), and Secure Shell (SSH).

Prerequisites

You must configure the host name and IP domain name of the switch if they are not already configured.

switch# configuration terminal

switch(config)# switchname <switchName>

SwitchName(config)# ip domain-name example.com

Note: Changing the IP host name or IP domain name after generating the certificate can invalidate the certificate.

Understanding of few related keywords

Trustpoint : A locally configured object that contains informtion about a trusted Certificate Authority (CA), including the local RSA keypair, the CA public certificate(s), and the identity certificate issued to the switch by a CA.  Mutiple trustpoints can be configured to enroll switch identity certificates from multiple CAs.  The complete identity information in a trust point can be exported to a file in the password-protected PKCS12 standard format. It can be later imported to the same switch (for example, after a system crash) or to a replacement switch. The information in a PKCS12 file consists of the RSA key-pair, the identity certificate, and the CA certificate (or chain).

CA Certificate : This is the certificate that is issued by the Certification Authority (CA) in respect to itself. There could be an Intermeidate or Subordinate CA in the setup.  In that case, this could also refer to the Intermediate or Subordinate CA public certificate.

Certificate Authorities (CAs) : Devices that manage certificate requests and issue identity certificates to entities such as hosts, network devices, or users. CAs provide centralized key management for such entities.

RSA keypair : Generated with cli in the switch and associated with the the trustpoint.  For each trustpoint configured on the switch, you must generate a unique RSA keypair and associate it with the trustpoint.

Certification Signing request (CSR) This is request that is generated from the switch and sent to CA to be signed. Against this CSR the CA sends back the Identity Certificate.

Identity Certificate : This is the certificate that is signed and issued by the Certification Authority for the switch from which the CSR is generated.  Once a CSR is submitted to a CA, the CA or an administrator provides the Identity Certificate by e-mail or through a web browser.  In order to paste an Identity Certificate into an MDS trustpoint, it must be in standard PEM (base64) format.

Requirements

Root CA .

Sub CA Certificates (If the Identity Certificates are signed by the Sub CA) In this case CA certificates of Sub CA are also required to be added in the switch.

Identity Certificate

Configure

Step 1

Generate an RSA key-pair

switchName# configure terminal

switchName(config)# crypto key generate rsa label <rsaKeyPairName> exportable modulus xxx

(Valid modulus values are (default) 512, 768, 1024, 1536, 2048, and 4096)

Step 2

Create a CA Trust Point and Associate the RSA keypair with the Trustpoint

The switch FQDN is used as a default key label when none is specified during key-pair generation.

switchName(config)# crypto ca trustpoint <trustpointName>

switchName(config-trustpoint)# enroll terminal

switchName(config-trustpoint)# rsakeypair <rsaKeyPairName>

Step 3

Authenticating a Trust Point Certificate Authority

If the CA being authenticated is not a self-signed CA, then the full list of the CA certificates of all the CAs in the certification chain needs to be input during the CA authentication step. This is called the CA certificate chain of the CA being authenticated. The maximum number of certificates in a CA certificate chain is 10.

When Only there is Root CA

switchName# configure terminal

switchName(config)# crypto ca authenticate <trustpointName>

input (cut & paste) CA certificate (chain) in PEM format;

end the input with a line containing only END OF INPUT :

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

MIIDmjCCAoKgAwIBAgIGAVTGvpxRMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMF0xCzAJBgNVBAYT

AkFVMSUwIwYDVQQKDBxDaXNjbyBTeXN0ZW1zIEluYy4gQXVzdHJhbGlhMRIwEAYD

VQQLDAlDaXNjbyBUQUMxEzARBgNVBAMMCk5pa29sYXkgQ0EwHhcNMTYwNTE5MDIw

MTAxWhcNMjYwNTIwMDIwMTE0WjBdMQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVTElMCMGA1UECgwcQ2lz

Y28gU3lzdGVtcyBJbmMuIEF1c3RyYWxpYTESMBAGA1UECwwJQ2lzY28gVEFDMRMw

EQYDVQQDDApOaWtvbGF5IENBMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKC

AQEAm6onXi3JRfIe2NpQ53CDBCUTn8cHGU67XSyqgL7MlYBhH032QaVrT3b98KcW

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u+Npt5/6H3XNQKJ0PCSuoOdWPwIDAQABo2AwXjAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBSE/uqXmcfx

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a89CFrIUIGGQFg6L2CrYmuOE0bv69UnuodvzG/qEy4GwWUNkUCNu8wNfx3RAgJ8R

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OdLY0E3+fx0KULVKS5VvO9Iu5sGXa8t4riDwGWLkfQo2AMLzc+SP4T3udEpG/9BD

nwGOseiz5a/kTAsMircoN2TcqoMBf5LQoA52DJf6MAHd2QZxcnm9ez8igKhzvMG1

OiopI3jTQ38Y9fqCK8E30wUwCozaY3jT0G3F57BfPCfBkkdz1a/Lw7en991xtBcp

0iptGTDJSt7TruaTvDs=

-----END CERTIFICATE-----

END OF INPUT ---> press Enter

When there are Internmediate or Subordinate CAs

The certificates are to be provided as shown:

switchName# configure terminal

switchName(config)# crypto ca authenticate <trustpointName>

Input (cut & paste) CA certificate (chain) in PEM format;

end the input with a line containing only END OF INPUT :

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

MIIDmjCCAoKgAwIBAgIGAVTGvpxRMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMF0xCzAJBgNVBAYT

AkFVMSUwIwYDVQQKDBxDaXNjbyBTeXN0ZW1zIEluYy4gQXVzdHJhbGlhMRIwEAYD

VQQLDAlDaXNjbyBUQUMxEzARBgNVBAMMCk5pa29sYXkgQ0EwHhcNMTYwNTE5MDIw

MTAxWhcNMjYwNTIwMDIwMTE0WjBdMQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVTElMCMGA1UECgwcQ2lz

Y28gU3lzdGVtcyBJbmMuIEF1c3RyYWxpYTESMBAGA1UECwwJQ2lzY28gVEFDMRMw

EQYDVQQDDApOaWtvbGF5IENBMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKC

AQEAm6onXi3JRfIe2NpQ53CDBCUTn8cHGU67XSyqgL7MlYBhH032QaVrT3b98KcW

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OiopI3jTQ38Y9fqCK8E30wUwCozaY3jT0G3F57BfPCfBkkdz1a/Lw7en991xtBcp

0iptGTDJSt7TruaTvDs=

-----END CERTIFICATE-------

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

MIIC4jCCAoygAwIBAgIQBWDSiay0GZRPSRIljK0ZejANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCB

kDEgMB4GCSqGSIb3DQEJARYRYW1hbmRrZUBjaXNjby5jb20xCzAJBgNVBAYTAklO

MRIwEAYDVQQIEwlLYXJuYXRha2ExEjAQBgNVBAcTCUJhbmdhbG9yZTEOMAwGA1UE

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cm5hdGFrYTESMBAGA1UEBxMJQmFuZ2Fsb3JlMQ4wDAYDVQQKEwVDaXNjbzETMBEG

A1UECxMKbmV0c3RvcmFnZTESMBAGA1UEAxMJQXBhcm5hIENBMFwwDQYJKoZIhvcN

AQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAMW/7b3+DXJPANBsIHHzluNccNM87ypyzwuoSNZXOMpeRXXI

OzyBAgiXT2ASFuUOwQ1iDM8rO/41jf8RxvYKvysCAwEAAaOBvzCBvDALBgNVHQ8E

BAMCAcYwDwYDVR0TAQH/BAUwAwEB/zAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUJyjyRoMbrCNMRU2OyRhQ

GgsWbHEwawYDVR0fBGQwYjAuoCygKoYoaHR0cDovL3NzZS0wOC9DZXJ0RW5yb2xs

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BQUAA0EAHv6UQ+8nE399Tww+KaGr0g0NIJaqNgLh0AFcT0rEyuyt/WYGPzksF9Ea

NBG7E0oN66zex0EOEfG1Vs6mXp1//w==

-----END CERTIFICATE-----

END OF INPUT ---> press Enter

Blue color Text -> This is copied from the CA certificate (open in any text editor) and pasted when prompted in the switch CLI.

Red Color Text -> This is to be entered to end the certifcate.

Any Error in in the the certificate results in this

failed to load or parse certificate

could not perform CA authentication

If you try to authenticate from a Sub CA certificate without adding the Root CA certificate you get

incomplete chain (no selfsigned or intermediate cert)

could not perform CA authentication

If everything is good

Fingerprint(s): SHA1 Fingerprint=E1:37:5F:23:FA:82:0C:63:40:9C:AD:C7:7A:83:C9:6A:EA:54:9A:7A

Do you accept this certificate? [yes/no]:yes

Step 4

Generating Certificate Signing Requests

NX-OS 8.4(1x) and earlier

switchName# configure terminal

switchName(config)# crytpo ca enroll <trustpointName>

Create the certificate request..

Create a challenge password. You  need to verbally provide this

password to the CA Administrator in order to revoke your certificate.

For security reasons your password not be saved in the configuration.

Please make a note of it.

Password: abcdef1234 ----- >(Keep a note of this password that you are entering)

The subject name in the certificate be the name of the switch.

Include the switch serial number in the subject name? [yes/no]: no

Include an IP address in the subject name [yes/no]: yes

ip address: 192.168.x.x

The certificate request be displayed...

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

MIIBqzCCARQCAQAwHDEaMBgGA1UEAxMRVmVnYXMtMS5jaXNjby5jb20wgZ8wDQYJ

KoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBAL8Y1UAJ2NC7jUJ1DVaSMqNIgJ2kt8rl4lKY

0JC6ManNy4qxk8VeMXZSiLJ4JgTzKWdxbLDkTTysnjuCXGvjb+wj0hEhv/y51T9y

P2NJJ8ornqShrvFZgC7ysN/PyMwKcgzhbVpj+rargZvHtGJ91XTq4WoVkSCzXv8S

VqyH0vEvAgMBAAGgTzAVBgkqhkiG9w0BCQcxCBMGbmJ2MTIzMDYGCSqGSIb3DQEJ

DjEpMCcwJQYDVR0RAQH/BBswGYIRVmVnYXMtMS5jaXNjby5jb22HBKwWH6IwDQYJ

KoZIhvcNAQEEBQADgYEAkT60KER6Qo8nj0sDXZVHSfJZh6K6JtDz3Gkd99GlFWgt

PftrNcWUE/pw6HayfQl2T3ecgNwel2d15133YBF2bktExiI6Ul88nTOjglXMjja8

8a23bNDpNsM8rklwA6hWkrVL8NUZEFJxqbjfngPNTZacJCUS6ZqKCMetbKytUx0=

-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

The challenge password is not saved with the configuration. This password is required in the event that your certificate needs to be revoked, so you must remember this password.

Note: Do not use the '$' character for your password.  It causes the CSR to fail.

Copy this starting from

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

Untill

-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

Save this outside the switch. This needs to be forwarded to the Root CA or Sub CA (whichever one signs) via email or another method.  The CA returns a signed Identity Certificate.

NX-OS 8.4(1) and later.

As a fix for Cisco bug ID CSCvo43832 , the enrollment prompts were changed in NX-OS 8.4(1).

By default, the Subject Name is the same as the switch name.

The enrollment prompts also allow an Alternate Subject Name and multiple DN fields.

Note: The DN field prompts with numbers as examples can accept any string with that range of characters.  For example, the State DN prompt says:

Enter State[1-128]:

It takes any string from 1 to 128 characters.

switchName# configure terminal

switchName(config)# crypto ca enroll <trustpointName>

Create the certificate request ..

Create a challenge password. You need to verbally provide this

password to the CA Administrator in order to revoke your certificate.

For security reasons your password not be saved in the configuration.

Please make a note of it.

Password:abcdef1234

The subject name in the certificate is the name of the switch.

Change default subject name? [yes/no]:yes

Enter Subject Name:customSubjectName

Include the switch serial number in the subject name? [yes/no]:yes

The serial number in the certificate is: XXXXXXXXXXX

Include an IP address in the subject name [yes/no]:yes

ip address:192.168.x.x

Include the Alternate Subject Name ? [yes/no]:yes

Enter Alternate Subject Name:AltName

Include DN fields? [yes/no]:yes

Include Country Name ? [yes/no]:yes

Enter Country Code [XX]:US

Include State ? [yes/no]:yes

Enter State[1-128]:NC

Include Locality ? [yes/no]:yes

Enter Locality[1-128]:RTP

Include the Organization? [yes/no]:yes

Enter Organization[1-64]:TAC

Include Organizational Unit ? [yes/no]:yes

Enter Organizational Unit[1-64]:sanTeam

The certificate request is displayed...

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

MIIDEjCCAfoCAQAwbzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgMAk5DMQwwCgYDVQQH

DANSVFAxDDAKBgNVBAoMA1RBQzEQMA4GA1UECwwHc2FuVGVhbTElMCMGA1UEAwwc

RjI0MS0xNS0xMC05MTQ4VC0yLmNpc2NvLmNvbTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQAD

ggEPADCCAQoCggEBAJxGBpaX7j1S5rtLfZhttgvcvDPeXrtFCwOwrSSshPnJfzKN

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EP0sjBxo5AxmGon3ZEdlj6ivoyCA/A==

-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----

Step 5

Installing Identity Certificates

Note: The maximum number of identify certificates that you can configure on a switch are 16.

switch# configure terminal

switch(config)# crypto ca import <trustpointName> certificate

input (cut & paste) certificate in PEM format:

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

MIIEADCCA6qgAwIBAgIKCjOOoQAAAAAAdDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCBkDEgMB4G

CSqGSIb3DQEJARYRYW1hbmRrZUBjaXNjby5jb20xCzAJBgNVBAYTAklOMRIwEAYD

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AANBADbGBGsbe7GNLh9xeOTWBNbm24U69ZSuDDcOcUZUUTgrpnTqVpPyejtsyflw

E36cIZu4WsExREqxbTk8ycx7V5o=

-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Step 6

Save the configuration

switch# copy running-config startup-config

Verify

switchName# show crypto ca certificates

Trustpoint: <trustpointName>

certificate: ---> Identity Certificate

subject= /CN=CP-SAND-MDS-A.example.com

issuer= /C=GB/O=England/CN=Utility CA1

serial=16D34BA800004441C69D

notBefore=Nov 15 08:11:47 2021 GMT

notAfter=Nov 14 08:11:47 2023 GMT

SHA1 Fingerprint=03:E0:73:FE:31:C5:4A:84:C0:77:21:0F:3A:A0:05:29:55:FF:9B:7E

purposes: sslserver sslclient ike

CA certificate 0: ---> CA Certificate of Sub CA

subject= /C=GB/O=England/CN=Eng Utility CA1

issuer= /C=GB/O= England/CN=EngRoot CA

serial=616F2990AB000078776000002

notBefore=Aug 14 11:22:48 2012 GMT

notAfter=Aug 14 11:32:48 2022 GMT

SHA1 Fingerprint=DF:41:1D:E7:B7:AD:6F:3G:05:F4:E9:99:B2:9F:9C:80:73:83:1D:B4

purposes: sslserver sslclient ike

CA certificate 1: ---> CA Certificate of Root CA

subject= /C=GB/O=England/CN=Eng Root CA

issuer= /C=GB/O=Bank of England/CN=Eng Root CA

serial=435218BABA57D57774BFA7A37A4E54D52

notBefore=Aug 14 10:08:30 2012 GMT

notAfter=Aug 14 10:18:09 2032 GMT

SHA1 Fingerprint=E3:F9:85:AC:1F:66:22:7C:G5:36:2D:89:5A:B4:3C:06:0E:2A:DB:13

purposes: sslserver sslclient ike

switchName# show crypto key mypubkey rsa

key label: <rsaKeyPairName>

key size: 2048

exportable: yes

key-pair already generated

switchName# show crypto ca crl <trustpointName>

Trustpoint: <trustpointName>

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Limitations and Caveats

Maximum Limits for CA and Digital Certificate

Feature

Maximum Limit

Trust points declared on a switch

16

RSA key-pairs generated on a switch

16

RSA key-pair size

4096 bits

Identity certificates configured on a switch

16

Certificates in a CA certificate chain

10

Trust points authenticated to a specific CA

10

Default Settings

Parameters

Default

Trust point

None

RSA key-pair

None

RSA key-pair label

Switch FQDN

RSA key-pair modulus

512

RSA key-pair exportable

Yes

Revocation check method of trust point

CRL

Caveats

Cisco bug ID CSCvo43832 - MDS 9000 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) does not include all Distinguished Name (DN) fields

Cisco bug ID CSCvt46531 - Need to document PKI 'trustpool' commands

Cisco bug ID CSCwa77156 - Cisco MDS 9000 Series Security Configuration Guide, Release 8.x Needs Update on Password Character

Cisco bug ID CSCwa54084 - 'Subject Alternate Name' is incorrect in CSR generated by NX-OS