Contents

Introduction

Prerequisites

Requirements

Components Used

Background Information

Configure

Network Diagram

Configure the FTD

Configure the ASA

Verify

Troubleshoot

Related Information

Introduction

This document describes how to configure VRF-aware route-based site-to-site VPN on FTD managed by FDM.

Prerequisites

Requirements

Cisco recommends that you have knowledge of these topics:

- Basic understanding of Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

- Basic understanding of Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)

- Experience with Firepower Device Manager (FDM)

Components Used

The information in this document is based on these software and hardware versions:

- Cisco FTDv version 7.4.2

- Cisco FDM version 7.4.2

- Cisco ASAv version 9.20.3

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, ensure that you understand the potential impact of any command.

Background Information

VRF on FDM allows you to create multiple isolated routing instances on a single Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) device. Each VRF instance operates as a separate virtual router with its routing table, enabling logical separation of network traffic and providing enhanced security and traffic management capabilities.

This document explains how to configure VRF-aware IPSec VPN with VTI. VRF Red network and VRF Blue network are behind FTD. Client1 in VRF Red network and Client2 in VRF Blue would communicate with Client3 behind ASA through the IPSec VPN tunnel.

Configure

Network Diagram

Topology

Configure the FTD

Step 1. It is essential to ensure that the preliminary configuration of IP interconnectivity between nodes has been completed. Client1 and Client2 have FTD inside IP addresses as gateways. Client3 is with ASA inside the IP address as a gateway.

Step 2. Create a virtual tunnel interface. Login the FDM GUI of FTD. Navigate to  Device > Interfaces. Click  View All Interfaces.

FTD_View_Interfaces

Step 2.1. Navigate to the Virtual Tunnel Interfaces  tab and click the + button.

FTD_Create_VTI

Step 2.2. Provide the necessary information and click the OK  button.

- Name: demovti

- Tunnel ID: 1

- Tunnel Source: outside (GigabitEthernet0/0)

- IP Address And Subnet Mask: 169.254.10.1/24

- Status: click the slider to the Enabled position

FTD_Create_VTI_Details

Step 3. Navigate to  Device > Site-to-Site VPN. Click the View Configuration  button.

FTD_Site-to-Site_VPN_View_Configurations

Step 3.1. Start to create a new site-to-site VPN. Click the  CREATE SITE-TO-SITE CONNECTION  or the + button.

FTD_Create_Site2Site_Connection

Step 3.2. Provide the necessary information and click NEXT.

- Connection Profile Name: Demo_S2S

- Type: Route Based (VTI)

- Local VPN Access Interface: demovti (created in Step 2)

- Remote IP Address: 192.168.40.1 (this is peer ASA outside IP address)

FTD_Site-to-Site_VPN_Endpoints

Step 3.3. Navigate to IKE Policy. Click the EDIT  button.

FTD_Edit_IKE_Policy

Step 3.4. For the IKE policy, you can use a pre-defined or you can create a new one by clicking  Create New IKE Policy.

In this example, toggle an existing IKE policy name  AES-SHA-SHA  . Click the OK  button in order to save.

FTD_Enable_IKE_Policy

Step 3.5. Navigate to IPSec Proposal. Click the EDIT  button.

FTD_Edit_IPSec_Proposal

Step 3.6. For the IPSec proposal, you can use a pre-defined or you can create a new one by clicking  Create new IPSec Proposal.

In this example, toggle an existing IPSec Proposal name  AES-SHA. Click the OK  button to save.

FTD_Enable_IPSec_Proposal

Step 3.7. Scroll down the page and configure the pre-shared key. Click  NEXT button.

Note down this pre-shared key and configure it on ASA later.

FTD_Configure_Pre_Shared_Key

Step 3.8. Review the VPN configuration. If anything needs to be modified, click the BACK  button. If everything is good, click the FINISH  button.

FTD_Review_VPN_Configuration

Step 3.9. Create an Access Control rule in order to allow traffic to pass through the FTD. In this example, allow all for demo purposes. Modify your policy based on your actual needs.

FTD_ACP_Example

Step 3.10. (Optional) Configure NAT exempt rule for the client traffic on FTD if there is dynamic NAT configured for the client to access the internet. In this example, there is no need to configure a NAT-exempt rule because there is no dynamic NAT configured on FTD.

Step 3.11. Deploy the configuration changes.

FTD_Deployment_Changes

Step 4. Configure virtual routers.

Step 4.1. Create network objects for static routes. Navigate to  Objects > Networks and click the + button.

FTD_Create_NetObjects

Step 4.2. Provide necessary information on each network object. Click the OK button.

- Name: local_blue_192.168.20.0

- Type: Network

- Network: 192.168.20.0/24

FTD_VRF_Blue_Network

- Name: local_red_192.168.10.0

- Type: Network

- Network: 192.168.10.0/24

FTD_VRF_Red_Network

- Name: remote_192.168.50.0

- Type: Network

- Network: 192.168.50.0/24

FTD_Remote_Network

Step 4.3. Create the first virtual router. Navigate to  Device > Routing and click  View Configuration.

FTD_View_Routing_Configuration

Step 4.4. Click  Add Multiple Virtual Routers.

Note: A static route through an outside interface has already been configured during FDM initialization. If you do not have it, configure it manually.

FTD_Add_First_Virtual_Router1

Step 4.5. Click  CREATE FIRST CUSTOM VIRTUAL ROUTER.

FTD_Add_First_Virtual_Router2

Step 4.6. Provide necessary information on the first virtual router. Click the OK  button. After the first virtual router creation, a VRF name  Global  is shown automatically.

- Name: vrf_red

- Interfaces: inside_red (GigabitEthernet0/1)

FTD_Add_First_Virtual_Router3

Step 4.7. Create a second virtual router. Navigate to  Device > Routing. Click  View Configuration and then the + button.

FTD_Add_Second_Virtual_Router

Step 4.8. Provide necessary information on the second virtual router. Click the OK  button.

- Name: vrf_blue

- Interfaces: inside_blue (GigabitEthernet0/2)

FTD_Add_Second_Virtual_Router2

Step 5. Create route leak from vrf_blue to Global. This route allows endpoints on the 192.168.20.0/24 network to initiate connections that traverse the site-to-site VPN tunnel. For this example, the remote endpoint is protecting the 192.168.50.0/24 network.

Navigate to  Device > Routing. Click  View Configuration and then the  View  icon in the Action cell for the virtual router vrf_blue.

FTD_View_VRF_Blue

Step 5.1. Click the  Static Routing  tab and then the + button.

FTD_Create_Static_Route_VRF_Blue

Step 5.2. Provide necessary information. Click the  OK  button.

- Name: Blue_to_ASA

- Interface: demovti (Tunnel1)

- Networks: remote_192.168.50.0

- Gateway: Leave this item blank.

FTD_Create_Static_Route_VRF_Blue_Details

Step 6. Create route leak from vrf_red to Global. This route allows endpoints on the 192.168.10.0/24 network to initiate connections that traverse the site-to-site VPN tunnel. For this example, the remote endpoint is protecting the 192.168.50.0/24 network.

Navigate to  Device > Routing, click  View Configuration, and then the  View  icon in the Action cell for the virtual router vrf_red.

FTD_View_VRF_Red

Step 6.1. Click the  Static Routing  tab and then the + button.

FTD_Create_Static_Route_VRF_Red

Step 6.2. Provide the necessary information and click the  OK  button.

- Name: Red_to_ASA

- Interface: demovti (Tunnel1)

- Networks: remote_192.168.50.0

- Gateway: Leave this item blank.

FTD_Create_Static_Route_VRF_Red_Details

Step 7. Create route leak from Global to virtual routers. The routes allow endpoints protected by the remote end of the site-to-site VPN to access the 192.168.10.0/24 network in the vrf_red virtual router and 192.168.20.0/24 network in the vrf_blue virtual router.

Navigate to  Device > Routing, click  View Configuration, and then click the  View  icon in the Action cell for the Global virtual router.

FTD_View_VRF_Global

Step 7.1. Click the Static Routing  tab and then the + button.

FTD_Create_Static_Route_VRF_Global

Step 7.2. Provide the necessary information and click  OK.

- Name: S2S_leak_blue

- Interface: inside_blue (GigabitEthernet0/2)

- Networks: local_blue_192.168.20.0

- Gateway: Leave this item blank.

FTD_Create_Static_Route_VRF_Global_To_Blue

- Name: S2S_leak_red

- Interface: inside_red (GigabitEthernet0/1)

- Networks: local_red_192.168.10.0

- Gateway: Leave this item blank.

FTD_Create_Static_Route_VRF_Global_To_Red

Step 8. Deploy the configuration changes.

FTD_Deployment_Changes

Configure the ASA

Step 9. Create the IKEv2 policy that defines the same parameters configured on the FTD.

crypto ikev2 policy 20

encryption aes-256 aes-192 aes

integrity sha512 sha384 sha256 sha

group 21 20 16 15 14

prf sha512 sha384 sha256 sha

lifetime seconds 86400

Step 10. Create an IKEv2 ipsec-proposal that defines the same parameters configured on the FTD.

crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES-SHA

protocol esp encryption aes-256 aes-192 aes

protocol esp integrity sha-512 sha-384 sha-256 sha-1

Step 11. Create an ipsec profile, referencing ipsec-proposal created in Step 10.

crypto ipsec profile demo_ipsec_profile

set ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES-SHA

set security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000

set security-association lifetime seconds 28800

Step 12. Create a group policy allowing the IKEv2 protocol.

group-policy demo_gp_192.168.30.1 internal

group-policy demo_gp_192.168.30.1 attributes

vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev2

Step 13. Create a tunnel group for the peer FTD outside the IP address, referencing the group policy created in Step 12. and configuring the same pre-shared-key with FTD (created in Step 3.7).

tunnel-group 192.168.30.1 type ipsec-l2l

tunnel-group 192.168.30.1 general-attributes

default-group-policy demo_gp_192.168.30.1

tunnel-group 192.168.30.1 ipsec-attributes

ikev2 remote-authentication pre-shared-key *****

ikev2 local-authentication pre-shared-key *****

Step 14. Enable IKEv2 on the outside interface.

crypto ikev2 enable outside

Step 15. Create a virtual tunnel.

interface Tunnel1

nameif demovti_asa

ip address 169.254.10.2 255.255.255.0

tunnel source interface outside

tunnel destination 192.168.30.1

tunnel mode ipsec ipv4

tunnel protection ipsec profile demo_ipsec_profile

Step 16. Create a static route.

route demovti_asa 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 169.254.10.1 1

route demovti_asa 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 169.254.10.1 1

route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.40.3 1

Verify

Use this section in order to confirm that your configuration works properly.

Step 1. Navigate to the CLI of FTD and ASA via console or SSH in order to verify the VPN status of phase 1 and phase 2 through the commands  show crypto ikev2 sa  and  show crypto ipsec sa.

FTD:

> system support diagnostic-cli

Attaching to Diagnostic CLI ... Press 'Ctrl+a then d' to detach.

Type help or '?' for a list of available commands.

ftdv742#

ftdv742# show crypto ikev2 sa

IKEv2 SAs:

Session-id:4, Status:UP-ACTIVE, IKE count:1, CHILD count:1

Tunnel-id Local                                               Remote                                     fvrf/ivrf     Status         Role

32157565 192.168.30.1/500                                    192.168.40.1/500                        Global/Global      READY    RESPONDER

Encr: AES-CBC, keysize: 256, Hash: SHA512, DH Grp:21, Auth sign: PSK, Auth verify: PSK

Life/Active Time: 86400/67986 sec

Child sa: local selector  0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535

remote selector 0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535

ESP spi in/out: 0x4cf55637/0xa493cc83

ftdv742# show crypto ipsec sa

interface: demovti

Crypto map tag: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1, seq num: 65280, local addr: 192.168.30.1

Protected vrf (ivrf): Global

local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)

remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)

current_peer: 192.168.40.1

#pkts encaps: 30, #pkts encrypt: 30, #pkts digest: 30

#pkts decaps: 30, #pkts decrypt: 30, #pkts verify: 30

#pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0

#pkts not compressed: 30, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp failed: 0

#pre-frag successes: 0, #pre-frag failures: 0, #fragments created: 0

#PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0

#TFC rcvd: 0, #TFC sent: 0

#Valid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0, #Invalid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0

#send errors: 0, #recv errors: 0

local crypto endpt.: 192.168.30.1/500, remote crypto endpt.: 192.168.40.1/500

path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 94(44), media mtu 1500

PMTU time remaining (sec): 0, DF policy: copy-df

ICMP error validation: disabled, TFC packets: disabled

current outbound spi: A493CC83

current inbound spi : 4CF55637

inbound esp sas:

spi: 0x4CF55637 (1291146807)

SA State: active

transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-512-hmac no compression

in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, IKEv2, VTI, }

slot: 0, conn_id: 13, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1

sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4055040/16867)

IV size: 16 bytes

replay detection support: Y

Anti replay bitmap:

0x00000000 0x00000001

outbound esp sas:

spi: 0xA493CC83 (2761149571)

SA State: active

transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-512-hmac no compression

in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, IKEv2, VTI, }

slot: 0, conn_id: 13, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1

sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4285440/16867)

IV size: 16 bytes

replay detection support: Y

Anti replay bitmap:

0x00000000 0x00000001

ASA:

ASA9203# show crypto ikev2 sa

IKEv2 SAs:

Session-id:4, Status:UP-ACTIVE, IKE count:1, CHILD count:1

Tunnel-id Local                                               Remote                                     fvrf/ivrf     Status         Role

26025779 192.168.40.1/500                                    192.168.30.1/500                        Global/Global      READY    INITIATOR

Encr: AES-CBC, keysize: 256, Hash: SHA512, DH Grp:21, Auth sign: PSK, Auth verify: PSK

Life/Active Time: 86400/68112 sec

Child sa: local selector  0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535

remote selector 0.0.0.0/0 - 255.255.255.255/65535

ESP spi in/out: 0xa493cc83/0x4cf55637

ASA9203#

ASA9203# show cry

ASA9203# show crypto ipsec sa

interface: demovti_asa

Crypto map tag: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1, seq num: 65280, local addr: 192.168.40.1

Protected vrf (ivrf): Global

local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)

remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)

current_peer: 192.168.30.1

#pkts encaps: 30, #pkts encrypt: 30, #pkts digest: 30

#pkts decaps: 30, #pkts decrypt: 30, #pkts verify: 30

#pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0

#pkts not compressed: 30, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp failed: 0

#pre-frag successes: 0, #pre-frag failures: 0, #fragments created: 0

#PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0

#TFC rcvd: 0, #TFC sent: 0

#Valid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0, #Invalid ICMP Errors rcvd: 0

#send errors: 0, #recv errors: 0

local crypto endpt.: 192.168.40.1/500, remote crypto endpt.: 192.168.30.1/500

path mtu 1500, ipsec overhead 94(44), media mtu 1500

PMTU time remaining (sec): 0, DF policy: copy-df

ICMP error validation: disabled, TFC packets: disabled

current outbound spi: 4CF55637

current inbound spi : A493CC83

inbound esp sas:

spi: 0xA493CC83 (2761149571)

SA State: active

transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-512-hmac no compression

in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, IKEv2, VTI, }

slot: 0, conn_id: 4, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1

sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4101120/16804)

IV size: 16 bytes

replay detection support: Y

Anti replay bitmap:

0x00000000 0x00000001

outbound esp sas:

spi: 0x4CF55637 (1291146807)

SA State: active

transform: esp-aes-256 esp-sha-512-hmac no compression

in use settings ={L2L, Tunnel, IKEv2, VTI, }

slot: 0, conn_id: 4, crypto-map: __vti-crypto-map-Tunnel1-0-1

sa timing: remaining key lifetime (kB/sec): (4055040/16804)

IV size: 16 bytes

replay detection support: Y

Anti replay bitmap:

0x00000000 0x00000001

Step 2. Verify the route of VRF and Global on FTD.

ftdv742# show route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.30.3 to network 0.0.0.0

S*       0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [1/0] via 192.168.30.3, outside

C        169.254.10.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, demovti

L        169.254.10.1 255.255.255.255 is directly connected, demovti

SI       192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] is directly connected, inside_red

SI       192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] is directly connected, inside_blue

C        192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, outside

L        192.168.30.1 255.255.255.255 is directly connected, outside

ftdv742# show route vrf vrf_blue

Routing Table: vrf_blue

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, inside_blue

L        192.168.20.1 255.255.255.255 is directly connected, inside_blue

SI       192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] is directly connected, demovti

ftdv742# show route vrf vrf_red

Routing Table: vrf_red

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, V - VPN

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

SI - Static InterVRF, BI - BGP InterVRF

Gateway of last resort is not set

C        192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 is directly connected, inside_red

L        192.168.10.1 255.255.255.255 is directly connected, inside_red

SI       192.168.50.0 255.255.255.0 [1/0] is directly connected, demovti

Step 3. Verify ping test.

Before ping, check the counters of  show crypto ipsec sa | inc interface:|encap|decap  on FTD.

In this example, Tunnel1 shows 30 packets for both encapsulation and decapsulation.

ftdv742# show crypto ipsec sa | inc interface:|encap|decap

interface: demovti

#pkts encaps: 30, #pkts encrypt: 30, #pkts digest: 30

#pkts decaps: 30, #pkts decrypt: 30, #pkts verify: 30

#PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0

ftdv742#

Client1 ping Client3 successfully.

Client1#ping 192.168.50.10

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.50.10, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 5/299/620 ms

Client2 ping Client3 successfully.

Client2#ping 192.168.50.10

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.50.10, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 11/297/576 ms

Check the counters of  show crypto ipsec sa | inc interface:|encap|decap  on FTD after ping successfully.

In this example, Tunnel1 shows 40 packets for both encapsulation and decapsulation after a successful ping. Additionally, both counters increased by 10 packets, matching the 10 ping echo requests, indicating that the ping traffic successfully passed through the IPSec tunnel.

ftdv742# show crypto ipsec sa | inc interface:|encap|decap

interface: demovti

#pkts encaps: 40, #pkts encrypt: 40, #pkts digest: 40

#pkts decaps: 40, #pkts decrypt: 40, #pkts verify: 40

#PMTUs sent: 0, #PMTUs rcvd: 0, #decapsulated frgs needing reassembly: 0

Troubleshoot

This section provides information you can use in order to troubleshoot your configuration.

You can use those debug commands to troubleshoot the VPN section.

debug crypto ikev2 platform 255

debug crypto ikev2 protocol 255

debug crypto ipsec 255

debug vti 255

You can use those debug commands in order to troubleshoot the route section.

debug ip routing

Related Information

- Cisco Secure Firewall Device Manager Configuration Guide, Version 7.4

- Cisco Secure Firewall ASA VPN CLI Configuration Guide, 9.20

- Cisco Technical Support & Downloads