Contents

Introduction

Prerequisites

Requirements

Components Used

Background Information

ISIS Remote LFA

Configure

Network Diagram

Configurations

CPE-1-R8

CPE-2-R8

PE-1-R1

P1-R2

P2-R3

P3-R4

P4-R5

P5-R6

PE-2-R7

Verify

P1-R2

P2-R3

P3-R4

P4-R5

P5-R6

Failure in core scenario, traffic flow in core when LFA is configured.

P1-R2

Troubleshoot

Introduction

This document describes how to configure Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Layer 3 Vpns with ISIS Remote Loop Free Alternative (LFA) feature. It shows a sample network scenario and its configuration and outputs to understand better.

Prerequisites

Requirements

There are no specific requirements for this document. However, basic understanding of MPLS and working knowledge of ISIS protocol will definitely help.

Components Used

This document is not restricted to specific software and hardware versions.

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.

Background Information

ISIS is widely deployed across ISPs worldwide and MPLS Layer 3 Vpn is the most common solution provided by the ISPs. Inside an ISP core infrastructure link failure directly impacts the performance, so sub-second convergence is highly desired. Features like MPLS tunnel Link Protection and Node Protection solve these issues but require manual configuration.

ISIS Remote LFA leverages the concept that for a given area, all the ISIS routers will have identical link State Database. If Router A needs to select a backup path to destination X, via Router B, then Router A can select Router B as the backup next hop provided that Router B does not use Router A as it next hop for destination X. This can be done as all the routers have identical database. This is the basic idea for the LFA feature. Now this backup path is directly programmed in Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) entry and will be instantly used once the primary route fails. Then the routing protocol can converge as per traditional timers.

ISIS Remote LFA

To understand better how Remote LFA works, consider this diagram:

The traffic flows from Router A to F taking the path A--C--F. If the link between Router A and C goes down. Router A then can immediately send the packets destined to F, to router B, but this will not solve the problem. Since the link just got down and ISIS topology is unaware of the change. If the packets arrive at Router B, Router B will still have old routing information and will still have the entry to route to F via A. Hence packets will be looped between B and A till the point topology converges.

To solve this problem, tunnel the packets to Router D from Router A. Router D never used path via Router A to go to F. Now when the link between Router A and C fails, immediatey without any convergence the traffic destined to router F is sent to Router D via Tunnel. Now Router D is unaware of any such change in topology when it gets the tunnelled traffic from Router A destined to Router F, it forwards the packets via its normal routing logic. So traffic flow remains unaffected and meanwhile the topology can reconverge.

Configure

Network Diagram

The topology for the MPLS Layer 3 Vpn with Remote LFA:

Acronym

CE = Customer Edge Router

PE = Provider   Edger Router

P   = Provider Router

Loopback used is 192.168.255.X, where X Router Number. For example, if R1 is under consideration, then loopback is 192.168.255.1.

Configurations

CPE-1-R8

#Basic CE configuration with the use of a default route:

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 192.168.18.8 255.255.255.0

!

!

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.18.1

!

!

CPE-2-R8

#Basic CE configuration with the use of a default route.

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 192.168.79.9 255.255.255.0

!

!

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.79.7

!

!

PE-1-R1

# PE Configuration

interface Loopback1

ip address 192.168.255.1 255.255.255.255

ip router isis TAC

!

interface Ethernet0/0

vrf forwarding A

ip address 192.168.18.1 255.255.255.0

!

# ISIS Interface must be point-to-point

interface Ethernet0/1

ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

!

# Configuring ISIS remote LFA

router isis TAC

net 49.0000.0000.0001.00

is-type level-2-only

metric-style wide

fast-reroute per-prefix level-2 all

fast-reroute remote-lfa level-2 mpls-ldp

mpls ldp autoconfig level-2

!

# BGP Vpnv4 peering with PE-2-R7

router bgp 65000

bgp log-neighbor-changes

no bgp default ipv4-unicast

neighbor 192.168.255.7 remote-as 65000

neighbor 192.168.255.7 update-source Loopback1

!

address-family ipv4

exit-address-family

!

address-family vpnv4

neighbor 192.168.255.7 activate

neighbor 192.168.255.7 send-community both

exit-address-family

!

address-family ipv4 vrf A

redistribute connected

exit-address-family

!

P1-R2

# P Configuration

interface Loopback1

ip address 192.168.255.2 255.255.255.255

ip router isis TAC

!

# ISIS Interface must be point-to-point

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

interface Ethernet0/1

ip address 192.168.23.2 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

interface Ethernet0/2

ip address 192.168.26.2 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

!

# Configuring ISIS remote LFA

router isis TAC

net 49.0000.0000.0002.00

is-type level-2-only

metric-style wide

fast-reroute per-prefix level-2 all

fast-reroute remote-lfa level-2 mpls-ldp

!

P2-R3

# P Configuration

interface Loopback1

ip address 192.168.255.3 255.255.255.255

ip router isis TAC

!

# ISIS Interface must be point-to-point

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 192.168.23.3 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

interface Ethernet0/1

ip address 192.168.34.3 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

!

# Configuring ISIS remote LFA

router isis TAC

net 49.0000.0000.0003.00

is-type level-2-only

metric-style wide

fast-reroute per-prefix level-2 all

fast-reroute remote-lfa level-2 mpls-ldp

!

P3-R4

# P Configuration

interface Loopback1

ip address 192.168.255.4 255.255.255.255

ip router isis TAC

!

# ISIS Interface must be point-to-point

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 192.168.34.4 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

interface Ethernet0/1

ip address 192.168.45.4 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

!

# Configuring ISIS remote LFA

router isis TAC

net 49.0000.0000.0004.00

is-type level-2-only

metric-style wide

fast-reroute per-prefix level-2 all

fast-reroute remote-lfa level-2 mpls-ldp

P4-R5

# P Configuration

interface Loopback1

ip address 192.168.255.5 255.255.255.255

ip router isis TAC

!

# ISIS Interface must be point-to-point

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 192.168.45.5 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

interface Ethernet0/1

ip address 192.168.56.5 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

!

# Configuring ISIS remote LFA

router isis TAC

net 49.0000.0000.0005.00

is-type level-2-only

metric-style wide

fast-reroute per-prefix level-2 all

fast-reroute remote-lfa level-2 mpls-ldp

P5-R6

# P Configuration

interface Loopback1

ip address 192.168.255.6 255.255.255.255

ip router isis TAC

!

# ISIS Interface must be point-to-point

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 192.168.56.6 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

interface Ethernet0/1

ip address 192.168.26.6 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

interface Ethernet0/2

ip address 192.168.67.6 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

!

# Configuring ISIS remote LFA

router isis TAC

net 49.0000.0000.0006.00

is-type level-2-only

metric-style wide

fast-reroute per-prefix level-2 all

fast-reroute remote-lfa level-2 mpls-ldp

!

PE-2-R7

# PE Configuration

interface Loopback1

ip address 192.168.255.7 255.255.255.255

ip router isis TAC

!

# ISIS Interface must be point-to-point

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 192.168.67.7 255.255.255.0

ip router isis TAC

mpls ip

isis circuit-type level-2-only

isis network point-to-point

!

interface Ethernet0/1

vrf forwarding A

ip address 192.168.79.7 255.255.255.0

!

!

# Configuring ISIS remote LFA

router isis TAC

net 49.0000.0000.0007.00

is-type level-2-only

metric-style wide

fast-reroute per-prefix level-2 all

fast-reroute remote-lfa level-2 mpls-ldp

!

!

# BGP Vpnv4 peering with PE-1-R1

router bgp 65000

bgp log-neighbor-changes

no bgp default ipv4-unicast

neighbor 192.168.255.1 remote-as 65000

neighbor 192.168.255.1 update-source Loopback1

!

address-family ipv4

exit-address-family

!

address-family vpnv4

neighbor 192.168.255.1 activate

neighbor 192.168.255.1 send-community both

exit-address-family

!

address-family ipv4 vrf A

redistribute connected

exit-address-family

!

Verify

Use this section in order to confirm that your configuration works properly.

P1-R2

The command show isis  fast-reroute remote-lfa tunnels displays the remote LFA tunnels built on the router:

P1-R2#show isis fast-reroute remote-lfa tunnels

Tag TAC - Fast-Reroute Remote-LFA Tunnels:

MPLS-Remote-Lfa1: use Et0/2, nexthop 192.168.26.6, end point 192.168.255.5

MPLS-Remote-Lfa2: use Et0/1, nexthop 192.168.23.3, end point 192.168.255.4

P2-R3

P2-R3#show isis fast-reroute remote-lfa tunnels

Tag TAC - Fast-Reroute Remote-LFA Tunnels:

MPLS-Remote-Lfa1: use Et0/1, nexthop 192.168.34.4, end point 192.168.255.5

MPLS-Remote-Lfa2: use Et0/0, nexthop 192.168.23.2, end point 192.168.255.6

P3-R4

P3-R4#show isis fast-reroute remote-lfa tunnels

Tag TAC - Fast-Reroute Remote-LFA Tunnels:

MPLS-Remote-Lfa1: use Et0/1, nexthop 192.168.45.5, end point 192.168.255.6

MPLS-Remote-Lfa2: use Et0/0, nexthop 192.168.34.3, end point 192.168.255.2

P4-R5

P4-R5#show isis fast-reroute remote-lfa tunnels

Tag TAC - Fast-Reroute Remote-LFA Tunnels:

MPLS-Remote-Lfa1: use Et0/0, nexthop 192.168.45.4, end point 192.168.255.3

MPLS-Remote-Lfa2: use Et0/1, nexthop 192.168.56.6, end point 192.168.255.2

P5-R6

P5-R6#show isis fast-reroute remote-lfa tunnels

Tag TAC - Fast-Reroute Remote-LFA Tunnels:

MPLS-Remote-Lfa1: use Et0/0, nexthop 192.168.56.5, end point 192.168.255.4

MPLS-Remote-Lfa2: use Et0/1, nexthop 192.168.26.2, end point 192.168.255.3

Failure in core scenario, traffic flow in core when LFA is configured.

Before inducing a link failure, If you check on P-1-R2  you would see already there is a targeted LDP session formed between P-1-R2 and  P-5-R4 as a backup path due to RLFA. Without RLFA the routing protocol has to detect the failure and needs to reconverge.

P-1-R2#show ip route repair-paths 192.168.255.7

Routing entry for 192.168.255.7/32

Known via "isis", distance 115, metric 30, type level-c

Redistributing via isis TAC

Last update from 192.168.26.6 on Ethernet0/2, 02:23:31 ago

Routing Descriptor Blocks:

* 192.168.26.6, from 192.168.255.7, 02:23:31 ago, via Ethernet0/2

Route metric is 30, traffic share count is 1

Repair Path: 192.168.255.4, via MPLS-Remote-Lfa6

[RPR]192.168.255.4, from 192.168.255.7, 02:23:31 ago, via MPLS-Remote-Lfa6

Route metric is 20, traffic share count is 1

P-1-R2#show mpls ldp neighbor 192.168.255.4

Peer LDP Ident: 192.168.255.4:0; Local LDP Ident 192.168.255.2:0

TCP connection: 192.168.255.4.32391 - 192.168.255.2.646

State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 184/183; Downstream

Up time: 02:26:09

LDP discovery sources:

Targeted Hello 192.168.255.2 -> 192.168.255.4, active, passive

Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident:

192.168.255.4   192.168.34.4    192.168.45.4

It can be observed here that repair path to PE2-R7 in routing table is via 192.168.255.4 (P3-R4). As a part of Remote LFA logic a tunnel is prebuilt to  P3-R4. Hence, whenever the primary link fails, immediately packets are tunnelled to P3-R4 and this happens at line card level as the entry is pre-built. So there is no traffic disruption and forwarding is seamless. The ISIS protocol then can converge based upon it's configured timers.

P1-R2 router does not need to look for backup path, as already there is a CEF entry formed ie via P2-R3 prior to the failure.

P1-R2#show ip cef 192.168.255.7

nexthop 192.168.26.6 Ethernet0/2 label [25|26]

repair: attached-nexthop 192.168.255.4 MPLS-Remote-Lfa6

This diagram demostrates the exact behaviour explained previously:

P1-R2

For verification, a continuous ping is done from CE-1-R8 to CE-2-R9 after it recreates a failure scenario by shutting down the core link (Eth 0/2) between P1-R2 and P5-R6, not even a single drop is observed in the test environment.

CE-1-R8#ping 192.168.79.9

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.79.9, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

<Ouput Snipped>

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (149320/149320), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/18 ms

Troubleshoot

There is currently no specific troubleshooting information available for this configuration.