Why Am I Unable to Ping the ATM Interface?

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Updated:December 18, 2007
Document ID:10486

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Introduction

This document illustrates the need to configure a virtual path identifier (VPI) and virtual channel identifier (VCI) on a local ATM interface in order to ping it successfully.

Applying an IP address to an ATM interface simply configures the interface to be a routed IP interface. For pings to work, also configure a permanent virtual circuit (PVC), so the router knows through which virtual circuit (VC) to send the ATM cells. Without a VC, the router reports an encapsulation failure if debug commands are enabled. By encapsulation, the router is referring to the Layer 2 (L2) header that wraps around the ping packet.

When you ping a local interface, the ATM cells actually are sent out on the physical wire. If the end-to-end circuit is active, the ping cells travel to the remote router end and then loop back. Alternately, configure a hardware or software loopback somewhere along the path, including at the local interface itself. Use the loopback diagnostic command to configure a software loopback.

Since ATM VCs are point-to-point, consider the following points about the type of interface on which you are configuring VCs:

  • Main interface—Supports multiple VCs. Each VC needs to either a static or dynamic mapping that matches the local PVC values to the remote IP address. Without a mapping, the router will report an encapsulation failed error message with debugs enabled.

  • Multipoint subinterface—Supports multiple VCs. Each VC needs to either a static or dynamic mapping that matches the local PVC values to the remote IP address. Without a mapping, the router will report an encapsulation failed error message with debugs enabled.

  • Point-to-point subinterface—Supports a single VC. Since the router assumes by definition that there is a single device at the other end of the VC, no explicit mapping is required. Instead, the router forwards packets out the VC based on a routing decision. In other words, the routing table tells the router that the next hop for the IP packet is the remote end of the VC.

Prerequisites

Requirements

There are no specific requirements for this document.

Components Used

This document is not restricted to specific software and hardware versions.

Conventions

For more information on document conventions, refer to the Cisco Technical Tips Conventions.

Main Interface

The following tables illustrate the necessary configuration commands for pinging the local interface depending on whether it is point-to-point or multipoint.

Configure an IP Address Only and No VPI/VCI on The Main ATM Interface 
!
interface ATM4/0
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 no atm ilmi-keepalive
!
cs-7204-15a#show atm vc
               VCD /                                     Peak Avg/Min Burst
Interface      Name         VPI   VCI  Type   Encaps     Kbps   Kbps  Cells Sts
cs-7204-15a#show atm map


cs-7204-15a#ping 10.1.1.1
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
 
4w2d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), len 100, sending
4w2d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), len 100, encapsulation failed

!--- Router reports encapsulation failure messages because there is no VPI/VCI !--- on which to send the packet.

Configure a PVC on The Main ATM Interface 
interface ATM4/0
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 no atm ilmi-keepalive
 pvc 1/32 
  encapsulation aal5snap
cs-7204-15a#show atm vc
               VCD /                                     Peak Avg/Min Burst
Interface      Name         VPI   VCI  Type   Encaps     Kbps   Kbps  Cells Sts
4/0            4              1    32   PVC    SNAP     149760                UP
cs-7204-15a#show atm map
cs-7204-15a#
debug ip packet

IP packet debugging is on
cs-7204-15a#ping 10.1.1.1
 
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
 
4w2d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), len 100, sending
4w2d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), len 100, encapsulation failed

!--- Although this configures a PVC, either a dynamic or !--- static mapping is still needed between the L2 and Layer 3 (L3) addresses.

Configure a Static Map Statement on The PVC 
interface ATM4/0
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 no atm ilmi-keepalive
 pvc 1/32 
  protocol ip 10.1.1.1
  
!--- This configures a static map back to the local interface. !--- Normally, the map statement points to the remote IP address.

  encapsulation aal5snap
cs-7204-15a#show atm map  
Map list ATM4/0pvc4 : PERMANENT
ip 10.1.1.1 maps to VC 4, VPI 1, VCI 32, ATM4/0
cs-7204-15a#ping 10.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
5w1d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), len 100, sending.
5w1d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), len 100, sending.

!--- The router now sends the packets. However, since there is not a !--- remote end in the lab setup, the pings fail.

Configure Loopback Diagnostic on The Main Interface 
interface ATM4/0
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 loopback diagnostic
 
!--- This configures a software loopback with the loopback diag command.

 no atm ilmi-keepalive
 pvc 1/32 
  protocol ip 10.1.1.1
  encapsulation aal5snap
cs-7204-15a#show atm map  

Map list ATM4/0pvc4 : PERMANENT
ip 10.1.1.1 maps to VC 4, VPI 1, VCI 32, ATM4/0
cs-7204-15a#ping 10.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
cs-7204-15a#
5w1d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), len 100, sending
5w1d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), len 100, rcvd 3
5w1d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), len 100, sending
5w1d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0), len 100, rcvd 3

!--- The pings are successful. Note that the local interface both !--- receives its own Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo and echo-reply.

Multipoint Subinterface

Configure an ATM Multipoint Interface 
interface ATM4/0
 no ip address
 no ip directed-broadcast
 loopback diagnostic
 no atm ilmi-keepalive
!
interface ATM4/0.1 multipoint
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 pvc 1/32 
  protocol ip 10.1.1.1
  
!--- This configures a static map or use inverse Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) on a multipoint subinterface.

  encapsulation aal5snap
cs-7204-15a#show atm map 

Map list ATM4/0.1pvc5 : PERMANENT
ip 10.1.1.1 maps to VC 5, VPI 1, VCI 32, ATM4/0.1
cs-7204-15a#ping 10.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
cs-7204-15a#
5w1d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.1), len 100, sending
5w1d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.1), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.1), len 100, rcvd 3
5w1d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.1), len 100, sending
5w1d: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.1), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.1), len 100, rcvd 3

Point-to-Point Subinterface

Point-to-Point Subinterface 
interface ATM4/0
 no ip address
 no ip directed-broadcast
 loopback diagnostic
 
!--- Use the loopback diagnostic command if !--- the PVC is not configured end to end.

 no atm ilmi-keepalive
!
interface ATM4/0.2 point-to-point
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 pvc 1/32 
  encapsulation aal5snap
 
!--- Point-to-point interfaces do not need a static mapping or inverse ARP.

cs-7204-15a#show atm map


cs-7204-15a#ping 10.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
cs-7204-15a#
00:11:03: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.2), len 100, sending
00:11:03: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.2), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.2), len 100, rcvd 3
00:11:03: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (local), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.2), len 100, sending
00:11:03: IP: s=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.2), d=10.1.1.1 (ATM4/0.2), len 100, rcvd 3

Related Information

Revision History

Revision Publish Date Comments
1.0
18-Dec-2007
Initial Release

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