Table Of Contents
6-Port Channelized T3 Line Card
6-Port Channelized T3 Line Card Features
8-Port Unchannelized E3/T3 Line Card
8-Port Unchannelized E3/T3 Line Card Features
Single-Port Channelized OC-12 Line Card
Single-Port Channelized OC-12 Line Card Features
4-Port Channelized STM-1 Line Card
4-Port Channelized STM-1 Line Card Features
6-Port OC-3 Packet over SONET Line Card
6-Port OC-3 Packet over SONET Line Card Features
Gigabit Ethernet Line Card Features
Single-Port OC-12 Packet over SONET Line Card
Single-Port OC-12 POS Line Card Features
4-Port OC-3 ATM Line Card Features
Single-Port OC-12 ATM Line Card
Single-Port OC-12 ATM Line Card Features
PRE and Line Cards
This chapter provides detailed descriptions of the following major hardware components and line cards of the Cisco 10000 series router:
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Performance Routing Engine (PRE)
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Performance Routing Engine
The PRE performs all Layer 2 and Layer 3 packet manipulation related to routing and forwarding through the Cisco 10000 series router. Its advanced application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) technology supports very high performance throughput with IP services enabled on each port.
The PRE runs Cisco IOS Release 12.0(S). It contains two PCM/CIA slots, 32 MB of Flash memory, and a packet buffer of up to 256 MB. It supports up to 512 MB of SDRAM. Two PREs can be configured in a single chassis for redundancy.
The PRE is implemented on two printed circuit board assemblies ( Figure 3-1):
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Figure 3-1 Distributed Processing Architecture in the PRE
Redundant PREs
You can configure two PREs in a single chassis for redundancy. If the primary PRE fails, the secondary PRE automatically takes over operation of the router. Because all the line cards are physically connected to both the primary and secondary PREs, the failure of a single PRE does not require user intervention. If a failure occurs, all line cards automatically reset to the redundant PRE.
With redundant PREs, the Cisco 10000 series router can survive even a catastrophic processor failure and still maintain the highest levels of uptime and availability. Startup and running configurations of the secondary PRE are synchronized with the primary PRE, ensuring the fastest possible cut-over time if the primary PRE fails.
Forwarding Path
The Cisco 10000 series router forwarding path comprises a unique blend of hardware and microcoded processors that yields high forwarding rates with considerable flexibility for future growth in packet processing features.
The forwarding path is centered around a pair of Cisco-designed multiprocessor ASICs called parallel express forwarding (PXF) network processors. Each PXF network processor provides a packet processing pipeline consisting of 16 microcoded processors, arranged as multiple pipelines.
Each of the 16 processors in a PXF network processor is an independent, high-performance processor, customized for packet processing. Each processor, called an eXpress microcontroller (XMC), provides a sophisticated dual-instruction-issue execution unit, with a variety of special instructions designed to execute packet processing tasks efficiently.
In addition to processing packets, XMCs have access to on-chip resources such as register files and timers. They also have shared access to very large off-chip memories for storing state information, such as routing tables and packet queues.
Within a single PXF network processor, the 16 XMCs are linked together in four parallel pipelines. Each pipeline comprises four XMCs arranged as a systolic array, where each processor can efficiently pass its results to its neighboring downstream processor. Four parallel pipelines are used, to increase throughput.
Within the Cisco 10000 series router, two PXF network processor ASICs are used, yielding four parallel processing pipelines, each containing eight processors in a row ( Figure 3-2).
Figure 3-2 Cisco 10000 Series Router Forwarding Path Processor Array
In the array of processors in , hardware, microcode, and Cisco IOS software resources provide advanced, high-touch feature processing on the Cisco 10000 series router. The allocation of features to XMCs in the processor pipeline is flexible and continues to change as new features are added.
The PXF network processor architecture allows all 32 independent processors to work efficiently on per-packet feature processing, yielding high throughput while still allowing substantial feature processing.
By centralizing packet processing in the PRE, the Cisco 10000 series router architecture frees up space on line cards, enabling high interface density, yet retaining the compact NEBS transmission equipment form factor.
Route Processor
The second component of the PRE is the route processor (RP), a high-speed, conventional microprocessor that has special interfaces to the forwarding path:
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The RP also includes such standard Cisco IOS facilities as Flash memory, NVRAM for storing configuration files, and Ethernet connections for network management. This familiar environment makes possible a simple transition from existing Cisco IOS-based routers to the Cisco 10000 series router platform.
6-Port Channelized T3 Line Card
The channelized T3 line card is an advanced multichannel T3 interface module for the Cisco 10000 series router. It supports six T3 physical connections. Each T3 connection can support a full clear-channel DS3, or it can be channelized into 28 independent DS1 data channels. Each DS1 channel can then be further channelized down to DS0s.
Figure 3-3 shows the channelized T3 line card front panel.
Figure 3-3 Channelized T3 Line Card Front Panel
Each six-port channelized T3 line card supports up to 168 DS1 connections, 768 DS0s, or any combination of T1, T3, and DS0, up to 768 channels.
A fully configured Cisco 10000 series router with seven channelized T3 modules and one uplink module can support up to 42 T3s or 1176 T1s per chassis, or up to 126 T3s or 3528 T1s per 7-foot rack.
The Cisco 10000 series router also supports various subrate DS3 formats, integrating the channel service unit/data service unit (CSU/DSU) function on a per-port basis.
The channelized T3 line card can be installed in any Cisco 10000 series router chassis (with no slot dependency), and can be hot-swapped. It can be managed by standard Cisco management tools and support all IP networking protocols. In addition, it supports the following encapsulation protocols:
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6-Port Channelized T3 Line Card Features
The channelized T3 line card provides the following key features:
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Features such as quality of service (QoS) and extended access lists demand increased bandwidth. The Cisco 10000 series router lets ISP providers enhance services by upgrading bandwidth from DS0 to DS1 connections or from DS1 to DS3 connections without changing the channelized T3 line card or the wiring to the Cisco 10000 series router. The DS0 capability lets you support today's existing connections with the option to increase capacity.
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8-Port Unchannelized E3/T3 Line Card
The 8-port unchannelized E3/T3 line card is an advanced E3 and T3 interface module for the Cisco 10000 series router. It supports eight E3 or T3 physical connections. Each connection can support either a full clear-channel, or can be subrated by limiting the data transfer rate, thereby reducing the peak access rate. Subrate modes configure the 8-port unchannelized E3/T3 line card to connect with Cisco port adapters and with customer premise Data Service Units (DSUs).
Figure 3-4 shows the 8-port unchannelized E3/T3 line card front panel.
Figure 3-4 8-Port Unchannelized E3/T3 Line Card Front Panel
The 8-port unchannelized E3/T3 line card can be installed in any Cisco 10000 series router chassis (with no slot dependency), and can be hot-swapped. It can be managed by standard Cisco management tools and supports all IP networking protocols.
In addition, it supports the following encapsulation protocols:
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8-Port Unchannelized E3/T3 Line Card Features
The 8-Port unchannelized E3/T3 line card provides:
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Features such as quality of service (QoS) and extended access lists demand increased bandwidth. The Cisco 10000 series router lets ISP providers enhance services by upgrading bandwidth without changing the 8-port unchannelized E3/T3 line card or the wiring to the Cisco 10000 series router.
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Single-Port Channelized OC-12 Line Card
For ISPs with available optical technology, the Cisco 10000 series router supports a channelized OC-12 line card.
Figure 3-5 shows the front panel of the single-port channelized OC-12 line card.
Figure 3-5 Single-Port Channelized OC-12 Line Card Front Panel
The line card is configured with an SC duplex connector supporting single-mode, intermediate-reach optics. The module supports 12 separate STS-1 signals, each capable of carrying DS3 (full rate or subrate), 28 individual DS1 channels, nxDS0 up to 24 DS0 channels per DS1, or 28 individual VT1.5 channels. Each of the 12 separate STS-1 signals is multiplexed over an STS-12 (OC-12) port and supports up to 768 channels per card with any mixture of DS3, nxDS1, or nxDS0 (as long as the total number of channels does not exceed chassis scaling limits, and no more than 192 channels are assigned within a single STS-3).
The channelized OC-12 line card can be used in any Cisco 10000 series router chassis interface card slot and can be hot-swapped. The line card is fully manageable through the use of standard Cisco management tools, and it supports all IP networking protocols. In addition, it supports the following encapsulation protocols:
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Single-Port Channelized OC-12 Line Card Features
The single-port channelized OC-12 line card provides:
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APS allows rapid switchover from one fiber connection to another in the event of a fiber cut, module failure, signal failure, or signal degradation. The result is increased network resiliency, minimal loss of data, and fewer time-consuming data reroutes.
4-Port Channelized STM-1 Line Card
For ISPs with available optical technology, the Cisco 10000 series router supports a four-port channelized STM-1 line card.
Figure 3-6 shows the front panel of the 4-port channelized STM-1 line card.
Figure 3-6 4-Port Channelized STM-1 Line Card
The line card is configured with four STM-1 LC duplex connectors supporting single-mode, intermediate-reach optics, and each capable of carrying three DS3 (full rate or subrate) channels, 28 individual DS1s or 21 E1s, with each DS1/E1 capable of carrying a single channel at full or fractional rates. Each of the four separate STM-1 signals supports up to 192 channels per port, and a total of 768 channels per line card with any mixture of DS3, DS1 (or E1), or nxDS0 (as long as the total number of channels does not exceed chassis scaling limits, and no more than 192 channels are assigned within a single STM-1).
The channelized STM-1 line card can be used in any Cisco 10000 series router interface card slot and can be hot-swapped. The line card is fully manageable through the use of standard Cisco management tools, and it supports all IP networking protocols.
In addition, it supports the following encapsulation protocols:
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The channelized STM-1 provides routing over virtual circuit connections using four single-mode fiber intermediate reach LC connectors ( Table 3-1).
Table 3-1 STM-1 Cable Specifications
Single mode fiber
1300
8 to 10
49,213 ft (15 km)
4-Port Channelized STM-1 Line Card Features
The STM-1 line card provides support for the following features:
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MSP allows rapid switchover from one fiber connection to another in the event of a fiber cut, module failure, signal failure, or signal degradation. The result is increased network resiliency, minimal loss of data, and reduction in time-consuming data reroutes.
6-Port OC-3 Packet over SONET Line Card
The 6-port OC-3 packet over SONET (POS) line card is a high-capacity, high-performance interface that can provide significant performance improvements in an existing fiber network.
Figure 3-7 shows the front panel of the 6-port OC-3 POS line card.
Figure 3-7 6-Port OC-3 POS Line Card
The 6-port OC-3 POS line card provides six physical connections that each support an STS-3/STM-1 POS trunk uplink for throughput of up to 155.52 Mbps over a SONET/ITU-T Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) interface. Each port has a single-mode optical fiber intermediate reach LC connector with the characteristics listed in Table 3-2.
Table 3-2 OC-3 POS Cable Specifications
Single-mode fiber
1300
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49,213 ft (15 km)
The 6-port OC-3 POS line card can occupy any interface card slot in the Cisco 10000 series router and can be hot-swapped. The line card is a standard implementation of packet over SONET and supports advanced features such as automatic protection switching (APS), alarm processing, and performance monitoring. The 6-port OC-3 POS line card is fully compatible with standards-based POS implementations on platforms such as the Cisco 7200, the Cisco 7500, and the Cisco 12000 series gigabit switch router (GSR).
6-Port OC-3 Packet over SONET Line Card Features
The 6-port OC-3 POS line card provides:
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The Cisco 10000 series router OC-3 POS implementation is more efficient than multiservice IP traffic now running over ATM networks. It achieves this by eliminating the overhead required in ATM implementations, such as ATM cell header, IP over ATM encapsulation, and segmentation and reassembly (SAR).
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Gigabit Ethernet Line Card
The gigabit Ethernet (GE) line card is a standards-based 802.3z gigabit Ethernet implementation supporting full-duplex traffic at 1 Gbps. Figure 3-8 shows the front panel of the gigabit Ethernet line card.
Figure 3-8 Gigabit Ethernet Line Card
The GE line card can occupy any interface card slot in the Cisco 10000 series router chassis, and can be hot-swapped. Multiple GE line cards can be configured in the chassis for network layer redundancy or connectivity to a different server.
The GE line card has a single gigabit Ethernet interface based on gigabit interface converter (GBIC) technology. Gigabit interface converter (GBIC) types SX, LX/LH, and ZX can be used. GBICs can be changed or upgraded at any time. Based on the IEEE 802.3z industry standard, the GE line card inter-operates with, and is compatible with other standards-based GE products in your network.
The GE line card supports a full gigabit per second of traffic (full duplex), providing the highest total bandwidth/throughput per line card in the Cisco 10000 series router. Multiple GE line cards can be configured in a single chassis to support connectivity to multiple destinations and network layer redundancy.
Gigabit Ethernet Line Card Features
The gigabit Ethernet line card provides:
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Single-Port OC-12 Packet over SONET Line Card
The OC-12 packet over SONET (POS) line card is a high-capacity, high-performance interface that can provide significant performance improvements in an existing fiber network ( Figure 3-9).
Figure 3-9 Single-Port OC-12 POS Line Card
The OC-12 POS line card provides a trunk uplink that supports OC-12/STM-4 bandwidth of 622 Mbps throughput over a standard SONET/SDH interface using a single-mode fiber, intermediate-reach SC connector ( Table 3-3).
Table 3-3 OC-12 POS Cable Specifications
Single-mode fiber
1300
8 to 10
49,213 ft (15 km)
The OC-12 POS line card can occupy any interface card slot in the Cisco 10000 series router and can be hot-swapped. It is a standard implementation of packet over SONET and supports advanced features such as automatic protection switching (APS), alarm processing, and performance monitoring.
The OC-12 POS line card is fully compatible with standards-based POS implementations on platforms such as the Cisco 7200, the Cisco 7500, and the Cisco 12000 series gigabit switch router (GSR).
Single-Port OC-12 POS Line Card Features
The OC-12 POS line card provides the following key features:
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The Cisco 10000 OC-12 POS implementation offers a 25 to 30 percent gain in efficiency over multiservice IP traffic now running over ATM networks. It achieves this efficiency gain by eliminating the overhead required in ATM implementations, such as ATM cell header, IP over ATM encapsulation, and segmentation and reassembly (SAR).
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4-Port OC-3 ATM Line Card
The 4-port OC-3 ATM line card ( Figure 3-10) provides four 155.52 Mbps Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) connections to ATM networks. It is NEBS-compliant, and uses a standard implementation of ATM over SONET switching to provide four trunk uplinks for the Cisco 10000 series router.
Figure 3-10 4-Port OC-3 ATM Line Card
In addition to intra-POP ISP router-to-router connectivity, the 4-port OC-3 ATM line card also addresses applications that rely on broadband IP transport over ATM WANs.
The 4-port OC-3 ATM line card features high-performance programmable SAR, adapted for various applications including advanced traffic management, cell scheduling, and integrated buffer management. Because it is programmable, the SAR allows flexibility for software upgrades and for supporting new standards.
For support of advanced traffic management and QoS capabilities, a simple microcode upgrade allows network managers to configure per-VC queuing, per-VC traffic shaping, and IP to ATM class of service (CoS). By mapping IP CoS to ATM QoS, the flow of mission-critical data can be effectively managed across heterogeneous IP and ATM networks.
The 4-port OC-3 ATM line card provides IP packet routing over ATM virtual circuit connections using a single-mode fiber, intermediate reach SC connector ( Table 3-4). It can occupy any interface card slot in the Cisco 10000 series router and can be hot-swapped.
Table 3-4 OC-12 ATM Cable Specifications
Single-mode fiber
1300
8 to 10
49,213 ft (15 km)
4-Port OC-3 ATM Line Card Features
The 4-port OC-3 ATM line card supports the following key ATM features:
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Network managers can use traffic-management and QoS capabilities, including:
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Single-Port OC-12 ATM Line Card
The single-port OC-12 ATM line card provides a 622.08 Mbps Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) connection to ATM networks using a standard implementation of ATM over SONET switching to provide a trunk uplink for the Cisco 10000 series router ( Figure 3-11).
Figure 3-11 OC-12 ATM Line Card
In addition to intra-POP ISP router-to-router connectivity, the single-port OC-12 ATM line card addresses applications that rely on broadband IP transport over ATM WANs.
The single-port OC-12 ATM line card features high-performance programmable SAR, adapted for applications including advanced traffic management, cell scheduling, and integrated buffer management. Because it is programmable, the SAR allows flexibility for software upgrades and for supporting new standards.
For support of advanced traffic management and QoS capabilities, a simple microcode upgrade allows network managers to configure per-VC queuing, per-VC traffic shaping, and IP to ATM class of service (CoS). By mapping IP CoS to ATM QoS on the OC-12 ATM line card, the flow of mission-critical data can be effectively managed across heterogeneous IP and ATM networks.
The single-port OC-12 ATM line card provides IP packet routing over ATM virtual circuit connections using a single-mode fiber, intermediate reach SC connector ( Table 3-5). It can occupy any interface card slot in the Cisco 10000 series router and can be hot-swapped.
Table 3-5 OC-12 ATM Cable Specifications
Single-mode fiber
1300
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49,213 ft (15 km)
Single-Port OC-12 ATM Line Card Features
The single-port OC-12 ATM line card supports the following ATM features:
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Network managers can use traffic-management and QoS capabilities, including:
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