Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Configuration Guide, Release 7.3
Managing User Accounts
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Contents

Managing User Accounts

This chapter contains these sections:

Information About Creating Guest Accounts

The controller can provide guest user access on WLANs. The first step in creating guest user accounts is to create a lobby administrator user, also known as a lobby ambassador account. Once this account has been created, a lobby ambassador can create and manage guest user accounts on the controller. The lobby ambassador has limited configuration privileges and access only to the web pages used to manage the guest accounts.

The lobby ambassador can specify the amount of time that the guest user accounts remain active. After the specified time elapses, the guest user accounts expire automatically.

Restrictions for Managing User Accounts

The local user database is limited to a maximum of 2048 entries, which is also the default value. This database is shared by local management users (including lobby ambassadors), local network users (including guest users), MAC filter entries, exclusion list entries, and access point authorization list entries. Together they cannot exceed the configured maximum value.

Creating a Lobby Ambassador Account

Creating a Lobby Ambassador Account (GUI)

    Step 1   Choose Management > Local Management Users to open the Local Management Users page.

    This page lists the names and access privileges of the local management users.

    Note   

    If you want to delete any of the user accounts from the controller, hover your cursor over the blue drop-down arrow and choose Remove. However, deleting the default administrative user prohibits both GUI and CLI access to the controller. Therefore, you must create a user with administrative privileges (ReadWrite) before you remove the default user.

    Step 2   Click New to create a lobby ambassador account. The Local Management Users > New page appears.
    Step 3   In the User Name text box, enter a username for the lobby ambassador account.
    Note   

    Management usernames must be unique because they are stored in a single database.

    Step 4   In the Password and Confirm Password text boxes, enter a password for the lobby ambassador account.
    Note   

    Passwords are case sensitive. The settings for the management User Details parameters depends on the settings that you make in the Password Policy page. The following requirements are enforced on the password

    • The password should contain characters from at least three of the following classes: lowercase letters, uppercase letters, digits, and special characters.
    • No character in the password can be repeated more than three times consecutively.
    • The password should not contain a management username or the reverse letters of a username.
    • The password should not contain words like Cisco, oscic, admin, nimda, or any variant obtained by changing the capitalization of letters by substituting 1, |, or ! or substituting 0 for o or substituting $ for s.
    Step 5   Choose LobbyAdmin from the User Access Mode drop-down list. This option enables the lobby ambassador to create guest user accounts.
    Note   

    The ReadOnly option creates an account with read-only privileges, and the ReadWrite option creates an administrative account with both read and write privileges.

    Step 6   Click Apply to commit your changes. The new lobby ambassador account appears in the list of local management users.
    Step 7   Click Save Configuration to save your changes.

    Creating a Lobby Ambassador Account (CLI)

    To create a lobby ambassador account use the following command:

    config mgmtuser add lobbyadmin_username lobbyadmin_pwd lobby-admin


    Note

    Replacing lobby-admin with read-only creates an account with read-only privileges. Replacing lobby-admin with read-write creates an administrative account with both read and write privileges.

    Creating Guest User Accounts as a Lobby Ambassador (GUI)

      Step 1   Log into the controller as the lobby ambassador, using the username and password. The Lobby Ambassador Guest Management > Guest Users List page appears.
      Step 2   Click New to create a guest user account. The Lobby Ambassador Guest Management > Guest Users List > New page appears.
      Step 3   In the User Name text box, enter a name for the guest user. You can enter up to 24 characters.
      Step 4   Perform one of the following:
      • If you want to generate an automatic password for this guest user, select the Generate Password check box. The generated password is entered automatically in the Password and Confirm Password text boxes.
      • If you want to create a password for this guest user, leave the Generate Password check box unselected and enter a password in both the Password and Confirm Password text boxes.
        Note   

        Passwords can contain up to 24 characters and are case sensitive.

      Step 5   From the Lifetime drop-down lists, choose the amount of time (in days, hours, minutes, and seconds) that this guest user account is to remain active. A value of zero (0) for all four text boxes creates a permanent account.

      Default: 1 day

      Range: 5 minutes to 30 days

      Note   

      The smaller of this value or the session timeout for the guest WLAN, which is the WLAN on which the guest account is created, takes precedence. For example, if a WLAN session timeout is due to expire in 30 minutes but the guest account lifetime has 10 minutes remaining, the account is deleted in 10 minutes upon guest account expiry. Similarly, if the WLAN session timeout expires before the guest account lifetime, the client experiences a recurring session timeout that requires reauthentication.

      Note   

      You can change a guest user account with a nonzero lifetime to another lifetime value at any time while the account is active. However, to make a guest user account permanent using the controller GUI, you must delete the account and create it again. If desired, you can use the config netuser lifetime user_name 0 command to make a guest user account permanent without deleting and recreating it.

      Step 6   From the WLAN SSID drop-down list, choose the SSID that will be used by the guest user. The only WLANs that are listed are those WLANs for which Layer 3 web authentication has been configured.
      Note   

      We recommend that you create a specific guest WLAN to prevent any potential conflicts. If a guest account expires and it has a name conflict with an account on the RADIUS server and both are on the same WLAN, the users associated with both accounts are disassociated before the guest account is deleted.

      Step 7   In the Description text box, enter a description of the guest user account. You can enter up to 32 characters.
      Step 8   Click Apply to commit your changes. The new guest user account appears in the list of guest users on the Guest Users List page.

      From this page, you can see all of the guest user accounts, their WLAN SSID, and their lifetime. You can also edit or remove a guest user account. When you remove a guest user account, all of the clients that are using the guest WLAN and are logged in using that account’s username are deleted.

      Step 9   Repeat this procedure to create any additional guest user accounts.

      Viewing Guest User Accounts

      Viewing the Guest Accounts (GUI)

      To view guest user accounts using the controller GUI, choose Security > AAA > Local Net Users. The Local Net Users page appears.

      From this page, you can see all of the local net user accounts (including guest user accounts) and can edit or remove them as desired. When you remove a guest user account, all of the clients that are using the guest WLAN and are logged in using that account’s username are deleted.

      Viewing the Guest Accounts (CLI)

      To see all of the local net user accounts (including guest user accounts) using the controller CLI, enter this command:

      show netuser summary

      Obtaining a Web Authentication Certificate

      Information About Web Authentication Certificates

      The operating system of the controller automatically generates a fully functional web authentication certificate, so you do not need to do anything in order to use certificates with Layer 3 web authentication. However, if desired, you can prompt the operating system to generate a new web authentication certificate, or you can download an externally generated SSL certificate.

      Obtaining Web Authentication Certificates

      Obtaining a Web Authentication Certificate (GUI)

        Step 1   Choose Security > Web Auth > Certificate to open the Web Authentication Certificate page.

        This page shows the details of the current web authentication certificate.

        Step 2   If you want to use a new operating system-generated web authentication certificate, follow these steps:
        1. Click Regenerate Certificate. The operating system generates a new web authentication certificate, and a successfully generated web authentication certificate message appears.
        2. Reboot the controller to register the new certificate.
        Step 3   If you prefer to use an externally generated web authentication certificate, follow these steps:
        1. Verify that the controller can ping the TFTP server.
        2. Select the Download SSL Certificate check box.
        3. In the Server IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the TFTP server.

          The default values of 10 retries and 6 seconds for the Maximum Retries and Timeout text boxes should work correctly without any adjustment. However, you can change these values.

        4. Enter the maximum number of times that each download can be attempted in the Maximum Retries text box and the amount of time (in seconds) allowed for each download in the Timeout text box.
        5. In the Certificate File Path text box, enter the directory path of the certificate.
        6. In the Certificate File Name text box, enter the name of the certificate (certname.pem).
        7. In the Certificate Password text box, enter the password for the certificate.
        8. Click Apply to commit your changes. The operating system downloads the new certificate from the TFTP server.
        9. Reboot the controller to register the new certificate.

        Obtaining a Web Authentication Certificate (CLI)

          Step 1   See the current web authentication certificate by entering this command:

          show certificate summary

          Information similar to the following appears:

          
Web Administration Certificate................... Locally Generated
Web Authentication Certificate................... Locally Generated
Certificate compatibility mode:............... off

          Step 2   If you want the operating system to generate a new web authentication certificate, follow these steps:
          1. To generate the new certificate, enter this command:

            config certificate generate webauth

          2. To reboot the controller to register the new certificate, enter this command:

            reset system

          Step 3   If you prefer to use an externally generated web authentication certificate, follow these steps:
          Note   

          We recommend that the Common Name (CN) of the externally generated web authentication certificate be 1.1.1.1 (or the equivalent virtual interface IP address) in order for the client’s browser to match the domains of the web authentication URL and the web authentication certificate.

          1. Specify the name, path, and type of certificate to be downloaded by entering these commands: transfer download mode tftp transfer download datatype webauthcert transfer download serverip server_ip_address transfer download path server_path_to_file transfer download filename certname.pem transfer download certpassword password transfer download tftpMaxRetries retries transfer download tftpPktTimeout timeout
            Note   

            The default values of 10 retries and a 6-second timeout should work correctly without any adjustment. However, you can change these values. To do so, enter the maximum number of times that each download can be attempted for the retries parameter and the amount of time (in seconds) allowed for each download for the timeout parameter.

          2. Start the download process by entering this command: transfer download start
          3. Reboot the controller to register the new certificate by entering this command: reset system

          Web Authentication Process

          Web authentication is a Layer 3 security feature that causes the controller to not allow IP traffic (except DHCP-related packets) from a particular client until that client has correctly supplied a valid username and password. When you use web authentication to authenticate clients, you must define a username and password for each client. When the clients attempt to join the wireless LAN, their users must enter the username and password when prompted by a login page.

          Note

          If a client uses more than 20 DNS resolved addresses, the controller overwrites the 21st address in the first address space in the Mobile Station Control Block (MSCB) table, but the first address is still retained in the client. If the client again tries to use the first address, it will not be reachable because the controller does not have this address in the list of allowed addresses for the client's MSCB table.

          Guidelines and Limitations

          When web authentication is enabled (under Layer 3 Security), users might receive a web-browser security alert the first time that they attempt to access a URL.

          Figure 1. Typical Web-Browser Security Alert


          Note

          When clients connect to a WebAuth SSID with preauthorization ACL configured to allow VPN users, the clients will get disconnected from the SSID every few minutes. Webauth SSIDs must not connect without authenticating on the web page.

          After the user clicks Yes to proceed (or if the client’s browser does not display a security alert), the web authentication system redirects the client to a login page.

          To prevent the security alert from appearing, follow these steps:

          1. Click View Certificate on the Security Alert page.
          2. Click Install Certificate.
          3. When the Certificate Import Wizard appears, click Next.
          4. Choose Place all certificates in the following store and click Browse.
          5. At the bottom of the Select Certificate Store page, select the Show Physical Stores check box.
          6. Expand the Trusted Root Certification Authorities folder and choose Local Computer.
          7. Click OK.
          8. Click Next > Finish.
          9. When the “The import was successful” message appears, click OK.
            1. Because the issuer text box is blank on the controller self-signed certificate, open Internet Explorer, choose Tools > Internet Options > Advanced, unselect the Warn about Invalid Site Certificates check box under Security, and click OK.
          10. Reboot the PC. On the next web authentication attempt, the login page appears.
            Figure 2. Default Web Authentication Login Page. The following figure shows the default web authentication login page.

          The default login page contains a Cisco logo and Cisco-specific text. You can choose to have the web authentication system display one of the following:

          • The default login page
          • A modified version of the default login page
          • A customized login page that you configure on an external web server
          • A customized login page that you download to the controller

          The Choosing the Default Web Authentication Login Page section provides instructions for choosing how the web authentication login page appears.

          When the user enters a valid username and password on the web authentication login page and clicks Submit, the web authentication system displays a successful login page and redirects the authenticated client to the requested URL.

          Figure 3. Successful Login Page

          The default successful login page contains a pointer to a virtual gateway address URL: https://1.1.1.1/logout.html. The IP address that you set for the controller virtual interface serves as the redirect address for the login page

          Choosing the Default Web Authentication Login Page

          Information About Default Web Authentication Login Page

          If you are using a custom web-auth bundle that is served by the internal controller web server, the page should not contain more than 5 elements (including HTML, CSS, and Images). This is because the internal controller web server implements a DoS protection mechanism that limits each client to open a maximum of 5 (five) concurrent TCP connections depending on the load. Some browsers may try to open more than 5 TCP sessions at the same time (For example Firefox 4) if the page contains more elements and this may result in the page loading slowly depending on how the browser handles the DoS protection.

          If you do not want users to connect to a web page using a browser that is configured with SSLv2 only, you can disable SSLv2 for web authentication by entering the config network secureweb cipher-option sslv2 disable command. If you enter this command, users must use a browser that is configured to use a more secure protocol such as SSLv3 or later releases. The default value is disabled.


          Note

          Cisco TAC is not responsible for creating a custom webauth bundle.

          If you have a complex custom web authentication module, it is recommended that you use an external web-auth config on the controller, where the full login page is hosted at an external web server.

          Guidelines and Limitations

          If you do not want users to connect to a web page using a browser that is configured with SSLv2 only, you can disable SSLv2 for web authentication by entering the config network secureweb cipher-option sslv2 disable command. If you enter this command, users must use a browser that is configured to use a more secure protocol such as SSLv3 or later releases. The default value is disabled.

          Choosing the Default Web Authentication Login Page (GUI)

            Step 1   Choose Security > Web Auth > Web Login Page to open the Web Login page.
            Step 2   From the Web Authentication Type drop-down list, choose Internal (Default).
            Step 3   If you want to use the default web authentication login page as is, go to Step 8. If you want to modify the default login page, go to Step 4.
            Step 4   If you want to hide the Cisco logo that appears in the top right corner of the default page, choose the Cisco Logo Hide option. Otherwise, click the Show option.
            Step 5   If you want the user to be directed to a particular URL (such as the URL for your company) after login, enter the desired URL in the Redirect URL After Login text box. You can enter up to 254 characters.
            Note   

            The controller supports web authentication redirects only to HTTP (HTTP over TCP) servers. It does not support web authentication redirects to HTTPS (HTTP over SSL) servers.

            Step 6   If you want to create your own headline on the login page, enter the desired text in the Headline text box. You can enter up to 127 characters. The default headline is “Welcome to the Cisco wireless network.”
            Step 7   If you want to create your own message on the login page, enter the desired text in the Message text box. You can enter up to 2047 characters. The default message is “Cisco is pleased to provide the Wireless LAN infrastructure for your network. Please login and put your air space to work.”
            Step 8   Click Apply to commit your changes.
            Step 9   Click Preview to view the web authentication login page.
            Step 10   If you are satisfied with the content and appearance of the login page, click Save Configuration to save your changes. Otherwise, repeat any of the previous steps as necessary to achieve your desired results.

            Choosing the Default Web Authentication Login Page (CLI)

              Step 1   Specify the default web authentication type by entering this command:

              config custom-web webauth_type internal

              Step 2   If you want to use the default web authentication login page as is, go to Step 7. If you want to modify the default login page, go to Step 3.
              Step 3   To show or hide the Cisco logo that appears in the top right corner of the default login page, enter this command:

              config custom-web weblogo {enable | disable}

              Step 4   If you want the user to be directed to a particular URL (such as the URL for your company) after login, enter this command:

              config custom-web redirecturl url

              You can enter up to 130 characters for the URL. To change the redirect back to the default setting, enter the clear redirecturl command.

              Note   

              The controller supports web authentication redirects only to HTTP (HTTP over TCP) servers. It does not support web authentication redirects to HTTPS (HTTP over SSL) servers.

              Step 5   If you want to create your own headline on the login page, enter this command:

              config custom-web webtitle title

              You can enter up to 130 characters. The default headline is “Welcome to the Cisco wireless network.” To reset the headline to the default setting, enter the clear webtitle command.

              Step 6   If you want to create your own message on the login page, enter this command:

              config custom-web webmessage message

              You can enter up to 130 characters. The default message is “Cisco is pleased to provide the Wireless LAN infrastructure for your network. Please login and put your air space to work.” To reset the message to the default setting, enter the clear webmessage command.

              Step 7   To enable or disable the web authentication logout popup window, enter this command:

              config custom-web logout-popup {enable | disable}

              Step 8   Enter the save config command to save your settings.
              Step 9   Import your own logo into the web authentication login page as follows:
              1. Make sure that you have a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server available for the file download. Follow these guidelines when setting up a TFTP server:
                • If you are downloading through the service port, the TFTP server must be on the same subnet as the service port because the service port is not routable, or you must create static routes on the controller.
                • If you are downloading through the distribution system network port, the TFTP server can be on the same or a different subnet because the distribution system port is routable.
                • A third-party TFTP server cannot run on the same computer as the Cisco Prime Infrastructure because the Prime Infrastructure built-in TFTP server and the third-party TFTP server require the same communication port.
              2. Ensure that the controller can contact the TFTP server by entering this command: ping ip-address
              3. Copy the logo file (in .jpg, .gif, or .png format) to the default directory on your TFTP server. The maximum file size is 30 kilobits. For an optimal fit, the logo should be approximately 180 pixels wide and 360 pixels high.
              4. Specify the download mode by entering this command: transfer download mode tftp
              5. Specify the type of file to be downloaded by entering this command: transfer download datatype image
              6. Specify the IP address of the TFTP server by entering this command: transfer download serverip tftp-server-ip-address
                Note   

                Some TFTP servers require only a forward slash (/) as the TFTP server IP address, and the TFTP server automatically determines the path to the correct directory.

              7. Specify the download path by entering this command: transfer download path absolute-tftp-server-path-to-file
              8. Specify the file to be downloaded by entering this command: transfer download filename {filename.jpg | filename.gif | filename.png}
              9. View your updated settings and answer y to the prompt to confirm the current download settings and start the download by entering this command: transfer download start
              10. Save your settings by entering this command: save config
                Note   

                If you ever want to remove this logo from the web authentication login page, enter the clear webimage command.

              Step 10   Follow the instructions in the Verifying the Web Authentication Login Page Settings (CLI) section to verify your settings.

              Example: Creating a Customized Web Authentication Login Page

              This section provides information on creating a customized web authentication login page, which can then be accessed from an external web server.

              Here is a web authentication login page template. It can be used as a model when creating your own customized page:

              
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<title>Web Authentication</title>
<script>

function submitAction(){
	var link = document.location.href;
	var searchString = "redirect=";
	var equalIndex = link.indexOf(searchString);
	var redirectUrl = "";
	
	if (document.forms[0].action == "") {
		var url = window.location.href;
		var args = new Object();
		var query = location.search.substring(1);
		var pairs = query.split("&");
		for(var i=0;i<pairs.length;i++){
		var pos = pairs[i].indexOf('=');
			if(pos == -1) continue;
				var argname = pairs[i].substring(0,pos);
				var value = pairs[i].substring(pos+1);
				args[argname] = unescape(value);
		}
			document.forms[0].action = args.switch_url;
		}

      if(equalIndex >= 0) {
		equalIndex += searchString.length;
		redirectUrl = "";
		redirectUrl += link.substring(equalIndex);
		}
		if(redirectUrl.length > 255)
		redirectUrl = redirectUrl.substring(0,255);
		document.forms[0].redirect_url.value = redirectUrl;
		document.forms[0].buttonClicked.value = 4;
      		document.forms[0].submit();
}

	function loadAction(){
      var url = window.location.href;
      var args = new Object();
      var query = location.search.substring(1);
      var pairs = query.split("&");
      for(var i=0;i<pairs.length;i++){
          var pos = pairs[i].indexOf('=');
          if(pos == -1) continue;
          var argname = pairs[i].substring(0,pos);
          var value = pairs[i].substring(pos+1);
          args[argname] = unescape(value);
      }
//alert( "AP MAC Address is " + args.ap_mac);
      //alert( "The Switch URL to post user credentials is " + args.switch_url);
      document.forms[0].action = args.switch_url;

      // This is the status code returned from webauth login action
      // Any value of status code from 1 to 5 is error condition and user
      // should be shown error as below or modify the message as it suits
      // the customer
      if(args.statusCode == 1){
        alert("You are already logged in. No further action is required on your part.");
      }
      else if(args.statusCode == 2){
        alert("You are not configured to authenticate against web portal. No further action is required on your part.");
      }
      else if(args.statusCode == 3){
        alert("The username specified cannot be used at this time. Perhaps the username is already logged into the system?");
      }
      else if(args.statusCode == 4){
        alert("The User has been excluded. Please contact the administrator.");
      }
      else if(args.statusCode == 5){
        alert("Invalid username and password. Please try again.");
      }
	     else if(args.statusCode == 6){
								alert("Invalid email address format. Please try again.");
      }
}

</script>
</head>
<body topmargin="50" marginheight="50" onload="loadAction();">
<form method="post" action="https://209.165.200.225/login.html">
<input TYPE="hidden" NAME="buttonClicked" SIZE="16" MAXLENGTH="15" value="0">
<input TYPE="hidden" NAME="redirect_url" SIZE="255" MAXLENGTH="255" VALUE="">
<input TYPE="hidden" NAME="err_flag" SIZE="16" MAXLENGTH="15" value="0">

<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr> <td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr align="center"> <td colspan="2"><font size="10" color="#336699">Web Authentication</font></td></tr>

<tr align="center">

<td colspan="2"> User Name &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type="TEXT" name="username" SIZE="25" MAXLENGTH="63" VALUE="">
</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center" >
<td colspan="2"> Password &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type="Password" name="password" SIZE="25" MAXLENGTH="24">
</td>
</tr>

<tr align="center">
<td colspan="2"><input type="button" name="Submit" value="Submit" class="button" onclick="submitAction();">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>

</form>
</body>
</html>


              These parameters are added to the URL when the user’s Internet browser is redirected to the customized login page:

              • ap_mac—The MAC address of the access point to which the wireless user is associated.
              • switch_url—The URL of the controller to which the user credentials should be posted.
              • redirect—The URL to which the user is redirected after authentication is successful.
              • statusCode—The status code returned from the controller’s web authentication server.
              • wlan—The WLAN SSID to which the wireless user is associated.

              The available status codes are as follows:

              • Status Code 1: “You are already logged in. No further action is required on your part.”
              • Status Code 2: “You are not configured to authenticate against web portal. No further action is required on your part.”
              • Status Code 3: “The username specified cannot be used at this time. Perhaps the username is already logged into the system?”
              • Status Code 4: “You have been excluded.”
              • Status Code 5: “The User Name and Password combination you have entered is invalid. Please try again.”

                Note

                For additional information, see the External Web Authentication with Wireless LAN Controllers Configuration Example at this URL: http:/​/​www.cisco.com/​en/​US/​tech/​tk722/​tk809/​technologies_​configuration_​example09186a008076f974.shtml

              Example: Modified Default Web Authentication Login Page Example

              Figure 4. Modified Default Web Authentication Login Page Example. This figure shows an example of a modified default web authentication login page.

              These CLI commands were used to create this login page:

              • config custom-web weblogo disable
              • config custom-web webtitle Welcome to the AcompanyBC Wireless LAN!
              • config custom-web webmessage Contact the System Administrator for a Username and Password.
              • transfer download start
              • config custom-web redirecturl url

              Using a Customized Web Authentication Login Page from an External Web Server

              Information About Customized Web Authentication Login Page

              You can customize the web authentication login page to redirect to an external web server. When you enable this feature, the user is directed to your customized login page on the external web server.

              You must configure a preauthentication access control list (ACL) on the WLAN for the external web server and then choose this ACL as the WLAN preauthentication ACL under Security Policies > Web Policy on the WLANs > Edit page.

              Guidelines and Limitations

              You must configure a preauthentication access control list (ACL) on the WLAN for the external web server and then choose this ACL as the WLAN preauthentication ACL under Security Policies > Web Policy on the WLANs > Edit page.

              Choosing a Customized Web Authentication Login Page from an External Web Server

              Choosing a Customized Web Authentication Login Page from an External Web Server (GUI)

                Step 1   Choose Security > Web Auth > Web Login Page to open the Web Login page.
                Step 2   From the Web Authentication Type drop-down list, choose External (Redirect to external server).
                Step 3   In the Redirect URL after login text box, enter the URL that you want the user to be redirected after a login.

                For example, you may enter your company's URL here and the users will be directed to that URL after login. The maximum length is 254 characters. By default, the user is redirected to the URL that was entered in the user's browser before the login page was served. of the customized web authentication login page on your web server. You can enter up to 252 characters.

                Step 4   In the External Webauth URL text box, enter the URL that is to be used for external web authentication.
                Step 5   Click Apply.
                Step 6   Click Save Configuration.

                Choosing a Customized Web Authentication Login Page from an External Web Server (CLI)

                  Step 1   Specify the web authentication type by entering this command:

                  config custom-web webauth_type external

                  Step 2   Specify the URL of the customized web authentication login page on your web server by entering this command:

                  config custom-web ext-webauth-url url

                  You can enter up to 252 characters for the URL.

                  Step 3   Specify the IP address of your web server by entering this command:

                  config custom-web ext-webserver {add | delete} server_IP_address

                  Step 4   Enter the save config command to save your settings.
                  Step 5   Follow the instructions in the Verifying the Web Authentication Login Page Settings (CLI) section to verify your settings.

                  Additional References

                  See Configuring Security Solutions for more information on ACLs.

                  Downloading a Customized Web Authentication Login Page

                  You can compress the page and image files used for displaying a web authentication login page into a.tar file for download to a controller. These files are known as the webauth bundle. The maximum allowed size of the files in their uncompressed state is 1 MB. When the .tar file is downloaded from a local TFTP server, it enters the controller’s file system as an untarred file.

                  You can download a login page example from Cisco Prime Infrastructure and use it as a starting point for your customized login page. For more information, see the Cisco Prime Infrastructure documentation.


                  Note

                  If you load a webauth bundle with a .tar compression application that is not GNU compliant, the controller cannot extract the files in the bundle and the following error messages appear: “Extracting error” and “TFTP transfer failed.” Therefore, we recommend that you use an application that complies with GNU standards, such as PicoZip, to compress the .tar file for the webauth bundle.


                  Note

                  Configuration backups do not include extra files or components, such as the webauth bundle or external licenses, that you download and store on your controller, so you should manually save external backup copies of those files or components.


                  Note

                  If the customized webauth bundle has more than 3 separated elements, we advise you to use an external server to prevent page load issues that may be caused because of TCP rate-limiting policy on the controller.

                  Prerequisites for Downloading a Customized Web Authentication Login Page

                  • Name the login page login.html. The controller prepares the web authentication URL based on this name. If the server does not find this file after the webauth bundle has been untarred, the bundle is discarded, and an error message appears.
                  • Include input text boxes for both a username and password.
                  • Retain the redirect URL as a hidden input item after extracting from the original URL.
                  • Extract and set the action URL in the page from the original URL.
                  • Include scripts to decode the return status code.
                  • Make sure that all paths used in the main page (to refer to images, for example).
                  • Ensure that no filenames within the bundle are greater than 30 characters.

                  Additional References

                  You can download a login page example from Cisco Prime Infrastructure and use it as a starting point for your customized login page. For more information, see the Cisco Prime Infrastructure documentation.

                  Downloading a Customized Web Authentication Login Page (GUI)

                    Step 1   Copy the .tar file containing your login page to the default directory on your server.
                    Step 2   Choose Commands > Download File to open the Download File to Controller page.
                    Step 3   From the File Type drop-down list, choose Webauth Bundle.
                    Step 4   From the Transfer Mode drop-down list, choose from the following options:
                    • TFTP
                    • FTP
                    Step 5   In the IP Address text box, enter the IP address of the server.
                    Step 6   If you are using a TFTP server, enter the maximum number of times the controller should attempt to download the .tar file in the Maximum Retries text box.

                    The range is 1 to 254.

                    The default is 10.

                    Step 7   If you are using a TFTP server, enter the amount of time in seconds before the controller times out while attempting to download the *.tar file in the Timeout text box.

                    The range is 1 to 254 seconds.

                    The default is 6 seconds.

                    Step 8   In the File Path text box, enter the path of the .tar file to be downloaded. The default value is “/.”
                    Step 9   In the File Name text box, enter the name of the .tar file to be downloaded.
                    Step 10   If you are using an FTP server, follow these steps:
                    1. In the Server Login Username text box, enter the username to log into the FTP server.
                    2. In the Server Login Password text box, enter the password to log into the FTP server.
                    3. In the Server Port Number text box, enter the port number on the FTP server through which the download occurs. The default value is 21.
                    Step 11   Click Download to download the .tar file to the controller.
                    Step 12   Choose Security > Web Auth > Web Login Page to open the Web Login page.
                    Step 13   From the Web Authentication Type drop-down list, choose Customized (Downloaded).
                    Step 14   Click Apply.
                    Step 15   Click Preview to view your customized web authentication login page.
                    Step 16   If you are satisfied with the content and appearance of the login page, click Save Configuration.

                    Downloading a Customized Web Authentication Login Page (CLI)

                      Step 1   Copy the .tar file containing your login page to the default directory on your server.
                      Step 2   Specify the download mode by entering this command:

                      transfer download mode {tftp | ftp

                      Step 3   Specify the type of file to be downloaded by entering this command:

                      transfer download datatype webauthbundle

                      Step 4   Specify the IP address of the TFTP server by entering this command:

                      transfer download serverip tftp-server-ip-address.

                      Note   

                      Some TFTP servers require only a forward slash (/) as the TFTP server IP address, and the TFTP server automatically determines the path to the correct directory.

                      Step 5   Specify the download path by entering this command:

                      transfer download path absolute-tftp-server-path-to-file

                      Step 6   Specify the file to be downloaded by entering this command:

                      transfer download filename filename.tar

                      Step 7   View your updated settings and answer y to the prompt to confirm the current download settings and start the download by entering this command:

                      transfer download start

                      Step 8   Specify the web authentication type by entering this command:

                      config custom-web webauth_type customized

                      Step 9   Enter the save config command to save your settings.

                      Additional References

                      Example: Customized Web Authentication Login Page

                      Figure 5. Customized Web Authentication Login Page Example. This figure shows an example of a customized web authentication login page.

                      Verifying the Web Authentication Login Page Settings (CLI)

                      Verify your changes to the web authentication login page by entering this command:

                      show custom-web

                      Assigning Login, Login Failure, and Logout Pages per WLAN

                      Information About Assigning Login, Login Failure, and Logout Pages per WLAN

                      You can display different web authentication login, login failure, and logout pages to users per WLAN. This feature enables user-specific web authentication pages to be displayed for a variety of network users, such as guest users or employees within different departments of an organization.

                      Different login pages are available for all web authentication types (internal, external, and customized). However, different login failure and logout pages can be specified only when you choose customized as the web authentication type.

                      Assigning Login, Login Failure, and Logout Pages per WLAN (GUI)

                        Step 1   Choose WLANs to open the WLANs page.
                        Step 2   Click the ID number of the WLAN to which you want to assign a web login, login failure, or logout page.
                        Step 3   Choose Security > Layer 3.
                        Step 4   Make sure that Web Policy and Authentication are selected.
                        Step 5   To override the global authentication configuration web authentication pages, select the Override Global Config check box.
                        Step 6   When the Web Auth Type drop-down list appears, choose one of the following options to define the web authentication pages for wireless guest users:
                        • Internal—Displays the default web login page for the controller. This is the default value.
                        • Customized—Displays custom web login, login failure, and logout pages. If you choose this option, three separate drop-down lists appear for login, login failure, and logout page selection. You do not need to define a customized page for all three options. Choose None from the appropriate drop-down list if you do not want to display a customized page for that option.
                          Note   

                          These optional login, login failure, and logout pages are downloaded to the controller as webauth.tar files.

                        • External—Redirects users to an external server for authentication. If you choose this option, you must also enter the URL of the external server in the URL text box. You can choose specific RADIUS or LDAP servers to provide external authentication on the WLANs > Edit (Security > AAA Servers) page. Additionally, you can define the priority in which the servers provide authentication.
                        Step 7   If you chose External as the web authentication type in Step 6, choose AAA Servers and choose up to three RADIUS and LDAP servers using the drop-down lists.
                        Note   

                        The RADIUS and LDAP external servers must already be configured in order to be selectable options on the WLANs > Edit (Security > AAA Servers) page. You can configure these servers on the RADIUS Authentication Servers page and LDAP Servers page.

                        Step 8   Establish the priority in which the servers are contacted to perform web authentication as follows:
                        Note   

                        The default order is local, RADIUS, LDAP.

                        1. Highlight the server type (local, RADIUS, or LDAP) that you want to be contacted first in the box next to the Up and Down buttons.
                        2. Click Up and Down until the desired server type is at the top of the box.
                        3. Click the < arrow to move the server type to the priority box on the left.
                        4. Repeat these steps to assign priority to the other servers.
                        Step 9   Click Apply to commit your changes.
                        Step 10   Click Save Configuration to save your changes.

                        Assigning Login, Login Failure, and Logout Pages per WLAN (CLI)

                          Step 1   Determine the ID number of the WLAN to which you want to assign a web login, login failure, or logout page by entering this command:

                          show wlan summary

                          Step 2   If you want wireless guest users to log into a customized web login, login failure, or logout page, enter these commands to specify the filename of the web authentication page and the WLAN for which it should display:
                          • config wlan custom-web login-page page_name wlan_id—Defines a customized login page for a given WLAN.
                          • config wlan custom-web loginfailure-page page_name wlan_id—Defines a customized login failure page for a given WLAN.
                            Note   

                            To use the controller’s default login failure page, enter the config wlan custom-web loginfailure-page none wlan_id command.

                          • config wlan custom-web logout-page page_name wlan_id—Defines a customized logout page for a given WLAN.
                            Note   

                            To use the controller’s default logout page, enter the config wlan custom-web logout-page none wlan_id command.

                          Step 3   Redirect wireless guess users to an external server before accessing the web login page by entering this command to specify the URL of the external server:

                          config wlan custom-web ext-webauth-url ext_web_url wlan_id

                          Step 4   Define the order in which web authentication servers are contacted by entering this command:

                          config wlan security web-auth server-precedence wlan_id {local | ldap | radius} {local | ldap | radius} {local | ldap | radius}

                          The default order of server web authentication is local, RADIUS and LDAP.

                          Note   

                          All external servers must be preconfigured on the controller. You can configure them on the RADIUS Authentication Servers page and the LDAP Servers page.

                          Step 5   Define which web authentication page displays for a wireless guest user by entering this command:

                          config wlan custom-web webauth-type {internal | customized | external} wlan_id

                          where

                          • internal displays the default web login page for the controller. This is the default value.
                          • customized displays the custom web login page that was configured in Step 2.
                            Note   

                            You do not need to define the web authentication type in Step 5 for the login failure and logout pages as they are always customized.

                          • external redirects users to the URL that was configured in Step 3.
                          Step 6   Use a WLAN-specific custom web configuration rather than a global custom web configuration by entering this command:

                          config wlan custom-web global disable wlan_id

                          Note   

                          If you enter the config wlan custom-web global enable wlan_id command, the custom web authentication configuration at the global level is used.

                          Step 7   Save your changes by entering this command:

                          save config

                          Configuring Wired Guest Access

                          Information About Wired Guest Access

                          Wired guest access enables guest users to connect to the guest access network from a wired Ethernet connection designated and configured for guest access. Wired guest access ports might be available in a guest office or through specific ports in a conference room. Like wireless guest user accounts, wired guest access ports are added to the network using the lobby ambassador feature.

                          Wired guest access can be configured in a standalone configuration or in a dual-controller configuration that uses both an anchor controller and a foreign controller. This latter configuration is used to further isolate wired guest access traffic but is not required for deployment of wired guest access.

                          Wired guest access ports initially terminate on a Layer 2 access switch or switch port configured with VLAN interfaces for wired guest access traffic. The wired guest traffic is then trunked from the access switch to a controller. This controller is configured with an interface that is mapped to a wired guest access VLAN on the access switch.

                          Figure 6. Wired Guest Access Example with One Controller

                          If two controllers are being used, the foreign controller, which receives the wired guest traffic from the access switch, forwards it to the anchor controller. A bidirectional EoIP tunnel is established between the foreign and anchor controllers to handle this traffic.

                          Figure 7. Wired Guest Access Example with Two Controllers


                          Note

                          Although wired guest access is managed by anchor and foreign anchors when two controllers are deployed, mobility is not supported for wired guest access clients. In this case, DHCP and web authentication for the client are handled by the anchor controller.


                          Note

                          You can specify the amount of bandwidth allocated to a wired guest user in the network by configuring a QoS role and a bandwidth contract.

                          You can create a basic peer to peer WLAN ACL and apply it to the wired guest WLAN. This will not block peer to peer traffic and the guest users can still communicate with each other.

                          Prerequisites for Configuring Wired Guest Access

                          To configure wired guest access on a wireless network, you must perform the following:

                          1. Configure a dynamic interface (VLAN) for wired guest user access
                          2. Create a wired LAN for guest user access
                          3. Configure the controller
                          4. Configure the anchor controller (if terminating traffic on another controller)
                          5. Configure security for the guest LAN
                          6. Verify the configuration

                          Restrictions for Configuring Wired Guest Access

                          • Wired guest access interfaces must be tagged.
                          • Wired guest access ports must be in the same Layer 2 network as the foreign controller.
                          • Up to five wired guest access LANs can be configured on a controller. Also in a wired guest access LAN, multiple anchors are supported.
                          • Layer 3 web authentication and web passthrough are supported for wired guest access clients. Layer 2 security is not supported.
                          • Do not trunk a wired guest VLAN to multiple foreign controllers, as it might produce unpredictable results.

                          Configuring Wired Guest Access

                          Configuring Wired Guest Access (GUI)

                            Step 1   To create a dynamic interface for wired guest user access, choose Controller > Interfaces. The Interfaces page appears.
                            Step 2   Click New to open the Interfaces > New page.
                            Step 3   Enter a name and VLAN ID for the new interface.
                            Step 4   Click Apply to commit your changes.
                            Step 5   In the Port Number text box, enter a valid port number. You can enter a number between 0 and 25 (inclusive).
                            Step 6   Select the Guest LAN check box.
                            Step 7   Click Apply to commit your changes.
                            Step 8   To create a wired LAN for guest user access, choose WLANs.
                            Step 9   On the WLANs page, choose Create New from the drop-down list and click Go. The WLANs > New page appears.
                            Step 10   From the Type drop-down list, choose Guest LAN.
                            Step 11   In the Profile Name text box, enter a name that identifies the guest LAN. Do not use any spaces.
                            Step 12   From the WLAN ID drop-down list, choose the ID number for this guest LAN.
                            Note   

                            You can create up to five guest LANs, so the WLAN ID options are 1 through 5 (inclusive).

                            Step 13   Click Apply to commit your changes.
                            Step 14   Select the Enabled check box for the Status parameter.
                            Step 15   Web authentication (Web-Auth) is the default security policy. If you want to change this to web passthrough, choose the Security tab after completing Step 16 and Step 17.
                            Step 16   From the Ingress Interface drop-down list, choose the VLAN that you created in Step 3. This VLAN provides a path between the wired guest client and the controller by way of the Layer 2 access switch.
                            Step 17   From the Egress Interface drop-down list, choose the name of the interface. This WLAN provides a path out of the controller for wired guest client traffic.
                            Step 18   If you want to change the authentication method (for example, from web authentication to web passthrough), choose Security > Layer 3. The WLANs > Edit (Security > Layer 3) page appears.
                            Step 19   From the Layer 3 Security drop-down list, choose one of the following:
                            • None—Layer 3 security is disabled.
                            • Web Authentication—Causes users to be prompted for a username and password when connecting to the wireless network. This is the default value.
                            • Web Passthrough—Allows users to access the network without entering a username and password.
                              Note   

                              There should not be a Layer 3 gateway on the guest wired VLAN, as this would bypass the web authentication done through the controller.

                            Step 20   If you choose the Web Passthrough option, an Email Input check box appears. Select this check box if you want users to be prompted for their e-mail address when attempting to connect to the network.
                            Step 21   To override the global authentication configuration set on the Web Login page, select the Override Global Config check box.
                            Step 22   When the Web Auth Type drop-down list appears, choose one of the following options to define the web authentication pages for wired guest users:
                            • Internal—Displays the default web login page for the controller. This is the default value.
                            • Customized—Displays custom web login, login failure, and logout pages. If you choose this option, three separate drop-down lists appear for login, login failure, and logout page selection. You do not need to define a customized page for all three options. Choose None from the appropriate drop-down list if you do not want to display a customized page for that option.
                              Note   

                              These optional login, login failure, and logout pages are downloaded to the controller as webauth.tar files.

                            • External—Redirects users to an external server for authentication. If you choose this option, you must also enter the URL of the external server in the URL text box. You can choose specific RADIUS or LDAP servers to provide external authentication on the WLANs > Edit (Security > AAA Servers) page. Additionally, you can define the priority in which the servers provide authentication.
                            Step 23   If you chose External as the web authentication type in Step 22, choose AAA Servers and choose up to three RADIUS and LDAP servers using the drop-down lists.
                            Note   

                            The RADIUS and LDAP external servers must already be configured in order to be selectable options on the WLANs > Edit (Security > AAA Servers) page. You can configure these servers on the RADIUS Authentication Servers page and LDAP Servers page.

                            Step 24   To establish the priority in which the servers are contacted to perform web authentication as follows:
                            Note   

                            The default order is local, RADIUS, LDAP.

                            1. Highlight the server type (local, RADIUS, or LDAP) that you want to be contacted first in the box next to the Up and Down buttons.
                            2. Click Up and Down until the desired server type is at the top of the box.
                            3. Click the < arrow to move the server type to the priority box on the left.
                            4. Repeat these steps to assign priority to the other servers.
                            Step 25   Click Apply.
                            Step 26   Click Save Configuration.
                            Step 27   Repeat this process if a second (anchor) controller is being used in the network.

                            Configuring Wired Guest Access (CLI)

                              Step 1   Create a dynamic interface (VLAN) for wired guest user access by entering this command:

                              config interface create interface_name vlan_id

                              Step 2   If link aggregation trunk is not configured, enter this command to map a physical port to the interface:

                              config interface port interface_name primary_port {secondary_port}

                              Step 3   Enable or disable the guest LAN VLAN by entering this command:

                              config interface guest-lan interface_name {enable | disable}

                              This VLAN is later associated with the ingress interface created in Step 5.

                              Step 4   Create a wired LAN for wired client traffic and associate it to an interface by entering this command:

                              config guest-lan create guest_lan_id interface_name

                              The guest LAN ID must be a value between 1 and 5 (inclusive).

                              Note   

                              To delete a wired guest LAN, enter the config guest-lan delete guest_lan_id command.

                              Step 5   Configure the wired guest VLAN’s ingress interface, which provides a path between the wired guest client and the controller by way of the Layer 2 access switch by entering this command:

                              config guest-lan ingress-interface guest_lan_id interface_name

                              Step 6   Configure an egress interface to transmit wired guest traffic out of the controller by entering this command:

                              config guest-lan interface guest_lan_id interface_name

                              Note   

                              If the wired guest traffic is terminating on another controller, repeat Step 4 and Step 6 for the terminating (anchor) controller and Step 1 through Step 5 for the originating (foreign) controller. Additionally, configure the config mobility group anchor add {guest-lan guest_lan_id | wlan wlan_id} IP_address command for both controllers.

                              Step 7   Configure the security policy for the wired guest LAN by entering this command:

                              config guest-lan security {web-auth enable guest_lan_id | web-passthrough enable guest_lan_id}

                              Note   

                              Web authentication is the default setting.

                              Step 8   Enable or disable a wired guest LAN by entering this command:

                              config guest-lan {enable | disable} guest_lan_id

                              Step 9   If you want wired guest users to log into a customized web login, login failure, or logout page, enter these commands to specify the filename of the web authentication page and the guest LAN for which it should display:
                              • config guest-lan custom-web login-page page_name guest_lan_id—Defines a web login page.
                              • config guest-lan custom-web loginfailure-page page_name guest_lan_id—Defines a web login failure page.
                                Note   

                                To use the controller’s default login failure page, enter the config guest-lan custom-web loginfailure-page none guest_lan_id command.

                              • config guest-lan custom-web logout-page page_name guest_lan_id—Defines a web logout page.
                                Note   

                                To use the controller’s default logout page, enter the config guest-lan custom-web logout-page none guest_lan_id command.

                              Step 10   If you want wired guest users to be redirected to an external server before accessing the web login page, enter this command to specify the URL of the external server:

                              config guest-lan custom-web ext-webauth-url ext_web_url guest_lan_id

                              Step 11   If you want to define the order in which local (controller) or external (RADIUS, LDAP) web authentication servers are contacted, enter this command:

                              config wlan security web-auth server-precedence wlan_id {local | ldap | radius} {local | ldap | radius} {local | ldap | radius}

                              The default order of server web authentication is local, RADIUS, LDAP.

                              Note   

                              All external servers must be preconfigured on the controller. You can configure them on the RADIUS Authentication Servers page or the LDAP Servers page.

                              Step 12   Define the web login page for wired guest users by entering this command:

                              config guest-lan custom-web webauth-type {internal | customized | external} guest_lan_id

                              where

                              • internal displays the default web login page for the controller. This is the default value.
                              • customized displays the custom web pages (login, login failure, or logout) that were configured in Step 9.
                              • external redirects users to the URL that was configured in Step 10.
                              Step 13   Use a guest-LAN specific custom web configuration rather than a global custom web configuration by entering this command:

                              config guest-lan custom-web global disable guest_lan_id

                              Note   

                              If you enter the config guest-lan custom-web global enable guest_lan_id command, the custom web authentication configuration at the global level is used.

                              Step 14   Save your changes by entering this command:

                              save config

                              Note   

                              Information on the configured web authentication appears in both the show run-config and show running-config commands.

                              Step 15   Display the customized web authentication settings for a specific guest LAN by entering this command:

                              show custom-web {all | guest-lan guest_lan_id}

                              Note   

                              If internal web authentication is configured, the Web Authentication Type displays as internal rather than external (controller level) or customized (WLAN profile level).

                              Step 16   Display a summary of the local interfaces by entering this command:

                              show interface summary

                              Note   

                              The interface name of the wired guest LAN in this example is wired-guest and its VLAN ID is 236.

                              Display detailed interface information by entering this command:

                              show interface detailed interface_name

                              Step 17   Display the configuration of a specific wired guest LAN by entering this command:

                              show guest-lan guest_lan_id

                              Note   

                              Enter the show guest-lan summary command to see all wired guest LANs configured on the controller.

                              Step 18   Display the active wired guest LAN clients by entering this command:

                              show client summary guest-lan

                              Step 19   Display detailed information for a specific client by entering this command:

                              show client detail client_mac

                              Supporting IPv6 Client Guest Access

                              The client is in WebAuth Required state until the client is authenticated. The controller intercepts both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic in this state and redirects it to the virtual IP address of the controller. Once authenticated, the user's MAC address is moved to the run state and both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic is allowed to pass.

                              In order to support the redirection of IPv6-only clients, the controller automatically creates an IPv6 virtual address based on the IPv4 virtual address configured on the controller. The virtual IPv6 address follows the convention of [::ffff:<virtual IPv4 address>]. For example, a virtual IP address of 192.0.2.1 would translate into [::ffff:192.0.2.1]. For an IPv6 captive portal to be displayed, the user must request an IPv6 resolvable DNS entry such as ipv6.google.com which returns a DNSv6 (AAAA) record.