1xEV-DO. See EV-DO.
1xEV-DV. The third
phase of CDMA2000 following 1xEV-DO deployment. 1xEV-DV stands for
1x Evolution - Data Voice, and is characterized by a maximum data
rate of 5.2 Mbps and the ability to support wireless Voice over
IP (VoIP) services.
1xRTT. The first
phase of CDMA2000, characterized by the ability to support a maximum data
rate of 1.44 Kbps. 1xRTT stands for 1x, denoting the one radio channel
of 1.25 MHz in Radio Transmission Technology.
2G. The second
generation of wireless technology that was characterized by its
use of digital transmissions rather than analog methods. Radio bandwidth
is used for data transmissions. Data transmissions are limited to
a maximum rate of 1.44 Kbps for CDMA 2G services
(9.6 Kbps for GSM
2G). Radio bandwidth is consumed whenever the Mobile Node (MN)
is connected to the Internet, regardless of whether it is receiving
or transmitting data. This is based on the IS-95A standard for CDMA.
2.5G. An evolutionary
step between 2G and 3G wireless services wherein two enhancements
were introduced over 2G. The first is that the MN only consumes
radio bandwidth when data is being transmitted or received. The
second is that the maximum data rate increased to approximately 64
Kbps. Most 2.5G services only support data rates between 1.15 Kbps
and 384 Kbps. This is based on the IS-95B standard for CDMA.
3G. The third
generation of wireless technology, wherein data services are packetized, with
speeds up to 2 Mbps. Based on the CDMA2000 standards.
3GPP. Third Generation
Partnership Project. A group of organizational partners from ETSI,
TIA/EIA, and other standardization bodies who are working
together to define the evolution of GSM-based wireless communication
core networks.
3GPP2. Third Generation
Partnership Project 2. A second group of organizational partners from
ETSI, TIA/EIA, and other standardization bodies who are
working together to define the evolution of CDMA-based wireless
communication networks
A
A10. The subscriber
data portion of the R-P interface (based on GRE as defined in RFC-2784
and IP Encapsulation Within IP as defined in RFC-2003).
A11. The control
portion of the R-P interface (based on Mobile IPv4 as defined in
RFC-2002).
A11 Manager. A
task within the system that controls the signalling de-multiplexing
tasks of the A11 interface used for wireless communications.
AA-A. Authentication/Authorization
Answer.
AA-R. Authentication/Authorization
Request.
AAA. Authentication,
Authorization, and Accounting. The security and billing methodology
used by operators to ensure a user's identity and to determine their
network usage so that they are properly billed. Often interchanged
with the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) protocols.
AAA Manager. Accounting,
Authentication, and Authorization Manager. software task that performs
all AAA protocol operations and functions for subscribers and context-level
administrative users within the system.
ACL. Access Control
List. A filtering mechanism used by many access IP routers that
controls which traffic may be received or transmitted on an interface
or port.
ACO. Alarm Cut
Off. This is a toggle switch used to temporarily disable a central
office alarm that occurs on a specific network device.
ACR. Active Charging
Record.
Acceptable Cell. This
is a cell that the MS may camp on to make emergency calls. It must
satisfy criteria which are defined for A/Gb mode in 3GPP
TS 43.022 and for Iu mode in 3GPP TS 25.304.
Access Technology. The
access technology associated with a PLMN. The MS uses this information
to determine what type of radio carrier to search for when attempting
to select a specific PLMN (e.g., GSM, UTRAN, GSM COMPACT or E-UTRAN).
A PLMN may support more than one access technology.
Address resolution. The
process of determining the link-layer address of a node whose network-layer
address is known.
AF. See Application
Function
Aggregate Maximum Bit
Rate. The maximum bit rate that limits the aggregate bit rate
of a set of non-GBR bearers of a UE. The label (E-UTRAN only) indicates
this subclause or paragraph applies only if E-UTRAN is used as current
radio access network.
AH. See Authentication
Header.
AKA. Authentication
and Key Agreement.
Allowable PLMN. In
the case of a MS operating in MS operation mode A or B, this is
a PLMN which is not in the list of "forbidden PLMNs" in the MS.
In the case of a MS operating in MS operation mode C, this is a
PLMN which is not in the list of "forbidden PLMNs" or in the list
of "forbidden PLMNs for GPRS service" in the MS.
Allowed CSG List.A
list of CSG IDs stored in the UE. A UE is able to access only those
CSG cells that have a CSG ID in this list.
Application Function.An
Applciation Function is an element offering applications that use
IP bearer resources. The AF is capable of communicating with the
CRF to transfer dynamic charging rules related service information.
One example of an AF is the P-CSCF of the IM CN subsystem.
APN. Access Point
Name. The APN is a logical name for a packet data network and/or
a service that the GGSN supports access to.
APS. Automatic
Protection Switching. A means of achieving network redundancy through
using automatic switching mechanisms to switch from a primary circuit
to a pre-defined secondary circuit.
ARP. Address
Resolution Protocol. A standard protocol for performing address resolution
between IP addresses and various link-layer addresses.
Agent advertisement. The
procedure by which a mobility agent becomes known to the mobile
node.
Agent discovery. The
process by which a mobile node can obtain the IP address of a home
agent or foreign agent, depending upon whether the mobile node is
home or away from home. Agent discovery occurs when a mobile node
receives an agent advertisement, either as a result of periodic
broadcast or in response to a solicitation.
ARQ. Automatic
Repeat Request. A link layer may automatically retransmit packets
that were not correctly received by the next hop link layer. This
improves the robustness of the packet delivery, but comprises the
latency and packet overhead.
AT. Access Terminal
ATM. Asynchronous
Transfer Mode. A connection-oriented data link layer protocol used
in cell relay/packet switch networks.
Authentication header
(AH). Part of IP Security (IPSec) specification. Other IPSec
header mechanisms include Diffie-Hellman, DES, 3DES, and others.
Authorization Token. The
authorization token consists of the AF session identifier as well
as the PDF identifier. The AF session identifier is assigned by
the P-CSCF on successful IMS session establishment. The authorization
token is sent to the UE by P-CSCF as part of the session establishment.
The UE passes the authorization token in the binding information
to the AGW. AGW uses the authorization token to get the PDF to be
communicated for policy authorization and the session identifier
is used for the authorization request to indicate the session to
which authorization event belongs.
Automatic home agent
discovery. The process by which a mobile node can obtain the
IP address of a home agent on its home network, involving the transmission
of a registration request to the subnet broadcast address of its
home network.
AVP. Attribute
-Value Pair.It corresponds to an Information Element in an AAA message.
B
Base Station. An
entity in the public radio telecommunications system used for bi-directional
radio communications with mobile stations or mobile nodes.
BBERF. Bearer
Binding and Event Reporting Function (on HSGW or S-GW).
BCE. Binding Cache
Entry (associated with PBU).
BE. Best Effort.
BGP. A routing
protocol used in interdomain routing in large networks to maintain
integrity of the network. It allows the routers to exchange only
pre-specified information with pre-specified routers in other domains.
BHSA. Busy Hour
Session Attempts. A measure of dynamic sessions (traffic calls)
that can be attempted in an average Busy Hour.
BHSC. Busy Hour
Session Completion. A measure of dynamic sessions (traffic calls)
that can be completed in an average Busy Hour.
Binding. The triplet
of numbers that contains the mobile node's home address, its care-of
address, and the registration lifetime-how long the mobility agents
may use the binding. Binding, within the system, creates the association
of a virtual interface to a physical port on the system. This process
allows the flow of traffic from the context through the physical
port that the interface is associated with.
Binding Information. The
binding information associates a PDP context to the IP flows of
a media. The binding information is generated by the P-CSCF and
sent to UE during the IMS session establishment. system receives
the binding information from the UE during PDP context activation
or modification. The binding information consists of a single authorization token
and one or more flow identifiers for the IMS session.
Binding Mechanism. This
mechanism is used to associate a PDP context bearer with the IP
flow(s) of an IMS session in the PDF.
Binding update. The
message that supplies a new binding to an entity that needs to know
the new care-of address for a mobile node. The binding update contains
the mobile node's home address, new care-of address, and a new registration
lifetime.
BLOB. BLock of
Bits.
BRA. Binding Revocation
Acknowledgement.
BRI. Binding Revocation
Indication.
BSC. Base Station
Controller. A significant device within the 2G/2.5G RAN,
the BSC allocates channels and manages BTS handoff. In 2G wireless,
the BSC's upstream interfaces (to the MSC) are always TDM. In 2.5G,
a BSC supports both TDM and packet upstream interfaces. In 3G, a
BSC can support any combination of TDM and packet, TDM only, or
packet only interfaces.
BSS. Base Station
Subsystem. The 2G/2.5G Radio Access Network (RAN) technology
responsible for connecting the mobile User Equipment (UE) with the
Core Network (CN) in a GPRS/UMTS wireless network. The
BSS incorporates the BTS, the BSC, and the PCU.
BTS. Base Transceiver
Station. A component of the base station, it includes the transmitting
and receiving radio equipment. A BTS is sometimes equated with the
physical cell site of a wireless network.
Busy Hour. An
uninterrupted 60-minute period during which the average volume of
traffic is at its maximum.
C
Cached EPS security context.
a cached security context to be used in EPS.
CAE. Content Adaptation
Engine. An optional component of the Cisco Mobile Video Solution.
It runs on the Cisco UCS (Unified Computing System) platform and
functions in a UCS cluster to bring video storage and additional
video optimization capabilities to the Mobile Video Solution.
Camped on a cell.
The MS (ME if there is no SIM) has completed the cell selection/reselection
process and has chosen a cell from which it plans to receive all
available services. Note that the services may be limited, and that
the PLMN may not be aware of the existence of the MS (ME) within
the chosen cell.
Care-of address. An
IP address at the mobile node's current point of attachment to the
Internet, when the mobile node is not attached to the home network.
A collocated care-of address is a care-of address assigned to one
of the mobile node's network interfaces, instead of one being offered
by a foreign agent.
CCA. CC-Answer.
CCP. Compression
Configuration Protocol.
CCR. CC-Request>
CLCI Client. DCCA client
located in GGSN.
CLCI Server. DCCA
server typically located in the Online Charging System.
CDMA. Code Division
Multiple Access. One of three wireless technology classes that encompasses
2G, 2.5G, and 3G communications.
The other two are
GSM and TDMA.
cdmaOne. Defines
the 2G and 2.5G versions of CDMA technology. Based on IS-95A and
IS-95B standards respectively.
CDMA2000. Defines
the 3G version of CDMA technology.
CDR. Charging Data
Record. A GTPP-based subscriber accounting record. Charging
data record (also known as call detail record) consists of formatted
information that includes event-based billing information such as
call duration. Different systems generate different types of CDRs.
The types, content and handling of CDRs is defined in various 3GPP specs
within the TS 32.2xx series,
Cell. The unit
of a base station having the ability to radiate in a given geographic area;
a “sector” or “face” of a physical
radio equipment implementation.
CFE. Common Firmware
Environment. The system hardware that contains control processor-based
software within the system.
CG. Charging Gateway. The
device on the GSM GPRS or UMTS network that collects and maintains
Call Detail Records (CDRs) for subscriber PDP contexts. Also referred
to as a Charging Gateway function (CGF).
CGF. See CG.
Charging Rule. A
set of information including the service data flow filters (IP 5 tuple),
the gating status (pass/drop packets matching the rule)
and the rating group, for a single service data flow. For an IMS
media component a charging rule typically defines a single IP flow associated
to a media component (e.g. RTP or RTCP).
CLI. Command Line
Interface. A Man-machine Interface (MMI) used to configure, monitor,
and administer a network device through its Operating System (OS).
CMIP. Client Mobile
IP.
CSFB. Circuit
Switched Fallback.
CSG.. Closed Subscriber
Group. A Closed Subscriber Group identifies subscribers of an operator
who are permitted to access one or more cells of the PLMN but which have
restricted access (CSG cells).
CSG Cell. A CSG cell,
part of the PLMN, broadcasting a specific CSG identity. A CSG cell
is accessible by the members of the closed subscriber group for
that CSG identity. All the CSG cells sharing the same CSG identity
use the same radio access technology.
CSG ID. A CSG ID
is an identifier associated to a cell or group of cells to which access
is restricted to a defined group of users.
Current EPS security
context. the EPS security context which has been taken into
use by the network most recently.
Current serving cell. This
is the cell on which the MS is camped.
CO. Central Office.
The telecommunications facility where calls are switched.
Context. A specific
group of configuration parameters that apply to the ports, interfaces,
protocols, and services supported by a system. Each system can support
multiple contexts and each context can reside as a separate, logically
independent instance. Multiple context support allows numerous like
or disparate services to exist on the same physical hardware.
CORBA. Common
Object Request Broker Architecture. The Object Management Group's
(MAG’s) core specification for distributed object interoperability.
Correspondent node. A
node that sends or receives a packet to an MN; the correspondent
node may be another mobile node or a non-mobile Internet node.
CP. Control Processor,
a high-speed state-of-the-art CPU used by the system.
CSP. Card Slot
Port subsystem. This is a software subsystem that manages all cards,
slots, and physical ports installed in a system.
D
Data Radio Bearer. Data
Radio bearer transports the packets of an E-RAB between a UE and
an eNB. There is an one-to-one mapping between the E-RAB and the
Data Radio Bearer.
DCCA. DIAMETER
Credit Control Application. IETF Diameter Credit Control Application
framework.
Dedicated bearer.
An EPS bearer that is associated with uplink packet filters in the
UE and downlink packet filters in the PDN GW where the filters only
match certain packets.
Default APN. A Default
APN is defined as the APN which is marked as default in the subscription
data and used during the Attach procedure for PDN connection.
Default Bearer. The
EPS bearer which is first established for a new PDN connection and
remains established throughout the lifetime of the PDN connection.
Dedicated PDP Context. A
PDP context with associated TFT filters, this may be a secondary
or a primary PDP context (updated after its activation). There can
be several such PDP contexts for a UE IP address.
Destination Context. The
virtual context, or location, where a particular service configuration
resides that mobile subscriber is directed to upon successful authentication
through the system.
DHCP. Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol. A protocol by which a host obtains
from a server certain information it needs to communicate, such
as an IP address, prefix length, and Domain Name System (DNS) server
address.
Diameter. A next-generation
AAA protocol.
DL. Down link.
DNS. Domain Naming
System. A system within the network that maps host-names into IP
addresses.
Downlink. The
direction of MSC to BSC.
DPCA. Diameter
Policy Control Application (PCRF).
DPD. Dead Peer Detection. Also
known as Keepalive, this is a timer that starts after the last IKE_AUTH
message is sent to the MS and resets when traffic is received from
the MS. If no valid messages are received when the timer expires
the session is disconnected.
DSCP Marking. DiffServ
Code Point (IP Differentiated Services). When the Internet was first
deployed many years ago, it lacked the ability to provide Quality
of Service guarantees due to limits in router computing power. It
therefore ran at a default QoS level, or “best effort”.
There were four “Type of Service” bits and three “Precedence” bits
provided in each message, but they were ignored. These bits were
later re-defined as DiffServ Code Points (DSCP) and are largely
honored in peered links on the modern Internet.
Dynamic Charging Rule. Charging
rule where some or all of the data within the charging rule (e.g.
service data flow filter information) is assigned via real-time
analysis using for example dynamic application derived criteria.
An example of a dynamic charging rule is a rule determined by the
E-PDF by means of real-time SDP derived information analysis.
E
eAN/ePCF. Evolved
Access Network/Evolved Packet Control Function.
eHRPD. Evolved
High Rate Packet Data (3GPP2).
ePDG. Evolved
Packet Data Gateway.
EAP. Extensible
Authentication Protocol. EAP is an authentication protocol which
provides an infrastructure that enables clients to authenticate
with a central authentication server.
EAP-AKA. An extension
to the EAP enabling authentication and session key distribution
using the UMTS AKA (Authentication and Key Agreement) mechanism.
ECM. EPS Connection
Management.
EIR. Equipment
Identity Register. This security-based database enables network operators
to track mobile phones in a wireless network and to disable stolen
equipment.
EHPLMN. Equivalent
Home PLMN. Any of the PLMN entries contained in the Equivalent HPLMN
list.
EMACS. A standard
UNIX text editor. EMACS commands are used to manipulate command
lines in the CLI.
EMM. EPS Mobility
Manager.
EMM context. An EMM
context is established in the UE and the MME when an attach procedure
is successfully completed.
EMM-CONNECTED mode. A
UE is in EMM-CONNECTED mode when a NAS signalling connection between
UE and network is established. The term EMM-CONNECTED mode used
in the present document corresponds to the term ECM-CONNECTED state
used in 3GPP TS 23.401.
EMM-IDLE mode. A
UE is in EMM-IDLE mode when no NAS signalling connection between
UE and network exists.
EMS. Element Management
System. Defines the system or application used to manage a network
device, or groups of like network devices.
Encapsulation. The
process of incorporating an original IP packet (less any preceding
fields such as a MAC header) inside another IP packet, making the
fields within the original IP header temporarily lose their effect.
EPC Network. Evolved
packet core network. The successor to the 3GPP Release 7 packet-switched
core network, developed by 3GPP within the framework of the 3GPP
System Architecture Evolution (SAE).
EPS. Evolved Packet
System. The evolved packet system (EPS) or evolved 3GPP packet-switched
domain consists of the evolved packet core network and the evolved universal
terrestrial radio access network.
Equivalent HPLMN list. To
allow provision for multiple HPLMN codes, PLMN codes that are present
within this list shall replace the HPLMN code derived from the IMSI
for PLMN selection purposes. This list is stored on the USIM and
is known as the EHPLMN list. The EHPLMN list may also contain the
HPLMN code derived from the IMSI. If the HPLMN code derived from
the IMSI is not present in the EHPLMN list then it shall be treated
as a Visited PLMN for PLMN selection purposes.
E-RAB identity. The
E-RABidentity uniquely identifies an E-RABfor one UE. Note. The
E-RAB identity remains unique for the UE even if the UE-associated
logical S1-connection is released during periods of user inactivity.
E-RAB. Eveloved Radio
Access Bearer. An E-RAB uniquely identifies the concatenation of
an S1 Bearer and the corresponding Data Radio Bearer. When an E-RAB
exists, there is a one-to-one mapping between this E-RAB and an
EPS bearer of the Non Access Stratum.
ESM. EPS Session
Management.
ESN. Electronic
Serial Number. A unique 32-bit binary number that identifies each
cellular device. This information is passed as part of the call
setup.
E-UTRAN. Enhanced
UTRAN (3GPP).
EV-DO. The second
phase of CDMA2000 following 1xRTT deployment. 1xEV-DO stands for
1x Evolution - Data Only, and is characterized by a maximum data
rate of 2.4 Mbps.
F
FDMA. Frequency
Division Multiple Access. A method of allocating a discrete amount
of frequency bandwidth to individual users to allow multiple conversations
across many users. The technique of assigning individual frequency
slots, and re-use of those slots throughout a system.
FITS. Failure in Time
Statistics. A statistical method of determining the number of
failures that are expected to occur over a specific time period.
The telecommunications industry generally assumes this number to
represent the number of failures per million hours (Fpmh).
FEC. Forward Error
Correction. The physical link layer may add many extra bits to the
data before transmitting it. The receiving physical link layer uses
those bits to automatically correct errors in the received data,
without needing the data to be retransmitted. The transmitter and
receiver must use the same FEC algorithm.
Firewall. A device
that protects a private network against intrusion from nodes that
are using the public network.
Flow Identifier. An
IP flow is indicated uniquely in an IMS session by means of a flow
identifier. The flow identifier is created based on the ordinal
number of the media stream and of the IP flow in the media where
the IP flows are arranged based on the ports used.
FNG. Femto Network
Gateway. The FNG enables mobile operators to provide 3G network
services to subscribers with wireless handsets via Femtocell Access
Points (FAPs). The FNG makes it possible for operators to provide
secure access to the operator’s 3G network from a non-secure
network, extend wireless service coverage indoors, especially where
access would otherwise be limited or unavailable, reduce the load
on the macro wireless network, and make use of existing backhaul
infrastructure to reduce the cost of carrying wireless calls.
Foreign Agent (FA). A
mobility agent on the foreign network that can assist the mobile
node in receiving datagrams delivered to the care-of address.
Foreign network. The
network to which the mobile node is attached when it is not attached
to its home network, and on which the care-of-address is reachable
from the rest of the Internet.
Forward Tunnel. The
direction of encapsulated data traveling from the Home Agent to
the Foreign Agent.
Frequency layer. Set
of cells with the same carrier frequency.
FQDN. Fully Qualified
Domain Name. An Internet node's FQDN is its complete domain name
as defined by the Domain Name System (DNS). A node can be known
locally by a relative domain name that is a sub-string of its FQDN,
but such a relative name cannot be resolved correctly by Internet
nodes outside of the part of the domain name hierarchy indicated
by the relative name. The fully qualified name can be resolved from
anywhere in the Internet, subject to access control and ability
to route of the resolution request.
G
Ga interface. The
interface between the GSN (either GGSN or SGSN) and the charging
gateway (CG) uses GTPP to communicate.
GBR bearer. Guaranteed
Bit Rate Bearer. An EPS bearer that uses dedicated network resources
related to a guaranteed bit rate (GBR) value, which are permanently
allocated at EPS bearer establishment/ modification.
Gb interface. The
interface between the SGSN and the 2G/2.5G RAN base station
subsystem - usually the connection with the BSS is to the PCU.
G-CDR. GGSN charging
data record.
Gc interface. The
interface used by the GGSN to communicate with the Home Location
Register (HLR) via a GTP-to-MAP (Mobile Application Part) protocol
convertor.
General Purpose PDP
Context. A PDP context without associated TFT filters where
all the traffic is allowed, including internet traffic. This may
be a primary or a secondary PDP context. However, only one PDP context
without associated TFT filters can exist.
GERAN. GPRS-Edge
Radio Access Network.
Gf interface. The
SS7 interface between the SGSN and an EIR.
GGSN. Gateway GPRS
Support Node. A device in a GSM GPRS/UMTS data network
that performs data session establishment, accounting, and traffic
routing.
Gi interface. The
interface used by the GGSN to communicate with Packet Data Networks
(PDNs) external to the PLMN.
Global Title (GT). A
unique SCCP address (such as a mobile phone number) used to identify
a destination. A global title does not include routing information.
Global Title Translation
(GTT). The SS7 mechanism that provides translation of the destination
global titles to enable message routing to the appropriate end-point.
Gn interface. The
interface used between two GSN (GGSN and/or SGSN) in the same
GPRS/UMTS Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). This interface
serves as both the signalling and data path for establishing and
maintaining subscriber PDP contexts.
Go interface. The
interface used by the GGSN to communicate with Policy Decision function
(PDF) for provisioning of policy for a PDP context bearer used for
IMS session media flow transport.
Gp interface. The
IP-based interface used between a GGSN and a GPRS support nodes
(GSNs, e.g. GGSNs and/or SGSNs) in a different PLMNs.
GPRS. General
Packet Radio Service. The GSM version of 2.5G wireless data communications.
GRE. Generic Routing
Encapsulation. A generic encapsulation protocols used to tunnel
data between various networks. Defined in RFC-2784. This protocol
is mandated to be used in R-P and Mobile IP communications.
Gr interface. The
SS7 interface between the SGSN and an HLR.
Gs interface. The
SS7 interface between the SGSN and an MSC/VLR.
GSM. Global System
for Mobile communications. One of three wireless technology classes
that encompasses 2G, 2.5G, and 3G communications. The other two
are CDMA and TDMA.
GSN. GPRS Support
Node can be either an SGSN or a GGSN.
GSS. GTPP Storage
Server. An external backup/storage server for one or more types
of CDRs: eG-CDRs, G-CDRs, M-CDRs, S-CDRs, and/or SMS CDRs.
GTP. GPRS Tunneling
Protocol. The protocol used between the GGSN and the SGSN.
GTP-C. The GPRS
Tunneling Protocol (GTP) for the control plane handles signalling
between GSNs within the core network.
GTP-P. GTP Prime.
The protocol used by the GGSN and SGSN to communicate with the charging
gateway.
GTP-U. The GPRS
Tunneling Protocol (GTP) for user data plane signalling to handle
the user data moving between the RAN and the Core Network (CN) and
within the CN.
GT. See Global
Title.
GTT. See Global
Title Translation.
Gx interface. The
interface used by the GGSN to communicate with Charging Rule Function
(CRF). Gx interacts between GGSN, the TPF (Traffic Plane Function)
and the CRF (Charging Rule Function). It is based on the Diameter
base protocol and the Diameter Credit Control Application standard.
The GGSN acts as the client where as the CRF contains the Diameter
server functionality.
H
Handoff. The process
by which an air interface circuit between a mobile node and the
network, including all signalling and transfer of user information.
Handover. Procedure
that changes the serving cell of a UE in RRC_CONNECTED.
HAT. High Availability
Task. This is a software task that manages the operational state
of the system.
Home address. The
IP address assigned to the mobile node, making it logically appear
attached to its home network.
Home Agent (HA). A
node on the home network that effectively causes the mobile node
to be reachable at its home address even when the mobile node is
not attached to its home network.
Home PLMN. This is
a PLMN where the MCC and MNC of the PLMN identity match the MCC
and MNC of the IMSI.
HLR. Home Location
Register. The HLR stores access service parameter information for
users belonging to the particular home network.
Home network. The
network at which the mobile node seems reachable, to the rest of
the Internet, by virtue of its assigned IP address.
HRPD. High Rate
Packet Data.
HRPD Access. Combination
of the eAN - PCF of the cdma2000 access.
HSGW. HRPD Serving
Gateway.
HSS. Home Subscriber
Service.
I
IDL. Interface
Definition Language. This refers to the application programming interface
used to develop CORBA-based management interfaces as defined by
the Object Management Group (OMG).
IKE. Internet
Key Exchange. An IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) mechanism that
is used to create SAs (Security Associations) between two entities
in an IP-based VPN (Virtual Private Network).
IMS. IP Multimedia
Subsystem. IMS provide a wide application support for transport
of voice, video, and data independent of the access support.
IMEI. International
Mobile Equipment Identity.
IMEI-SV. International
Mobile Equipment Identity - Software Version.
IMSA. IP Multimedia
Subsystem Authorization. In case of 3GPP networks this service requires
specific support for a roaming IMS subscriber. Apart from other
functionality sufficient, uninterrupted, consistent, and seamless
user experience is required to particular subscriber session for
an application. It is also important that the subscriber gets charged
only for the amount of resources consumed by the particular IMS
application used.
IMSI. International
Mobile Subscriber Identity. Uniquely identifies a subscriber to
a mobile telephone service. A 50-bit field, used in GSM system,
that identifies a mobile device's home country and carrier.
Interface. As
used in context of system services, an interface is a virtual, or logical,
assignment of a virtual router instance that provides higher-layer
protocol transport. Interfaces are bound to physical ports within
the system.
Initial NAS message. A
NAS message is considered as an initial NAS message, if this NAS
message can trigger the establishment of a NAS signalling connection.
For instance, the ATTACH REQUEST message is an initial NAS message.
IP. Internet Protocol.
A protocol used for the transmission of packetized data. Part
of the TCP/IP suite of communications protocols.
IP-CAN. IP-Capable
Access Network.
IP in IP. Refers
to the encapsulation of an inner IP header with an outer IP header
for tunneling configuration.
IPSec. IP Security.
A multi-functional encryption technique used to transport packetized
data in an un-readable fashion across multiple network devices.
IPv4v6 capability. Capability
of the IP stack associated with a UE to support a dual stack configuration
with both an IPv4 address and an IPv6 address allocated.
ISAKMP. Internet
Security Association and Key Management Protocol. In IPSec negotiations,
this protocol allows the receiver to obtain a public key and authenticate
the sender using digital certificates.
ISP. Internet
Service Provider. A vendor, or telecommunications carrier, who provides
Internet access services to customers.
IuPS. The interface
between the Radio Network Controller (RNC) in the UTRAN and a 3G
SGSN. Supports both control plane and user data plane signalling,
transmitting IP over ATM.
IWF. Inter-working
Function. Describes a device that is located between the MSC and
the Internet, used to connect wireless subscribers to the Internet
through 2G and 2.5G networks.
L
L2TP. Layer 2
Tunneling Protocol. Communications protocol used to establish tunnels
between network devices to securely transport data.
LAC. (1) for data
tunneling within a VPN environment: L2TP Access Concentrator. A
LAC connects an L2TP tunnel from a subscriber to a peer LNS. (2)
for mobility management: Location
Area Code. Identifies an area in a PLMN within which the MS/UE
can move without the need of a location update to the VLR.
LAN. Local Area
Network. Used to denote group or groups of physically inter-connected
network devices that are capable of sharing information with each
other.
Last Visited Registered
TAI. A TAI which is contained in the TAI list that the UE registered
to the network and which identifies the tracking area last visited
by the UE.
Linked Bearer Identity.
This identity indicates to which default bearer the additional bearer
resource is linked.
LC. Line Card.
Rear-installed card within the system that provides physical network
connectivity. Most LCs have physical external network interfaces.
LCP. Link Control
Protocol.
LMA. Local Mobility
Anchor (mobility server, HA-like, P-GW)
LNS. L2TP Network
Server. An LNS terminates an L2TP tunnel from a peer LAC and provides
a network connection through the tunnel.
Logical Port. A
subdivision of a physical port or interface within the system.
LR. Location Registration.
An MS which is IMSI attached to non-GPRS services only performs
location registration by the Location Updating procedure. A GPRS
MS which is IMSI attached to GPRS services or to GPRS and non-GPRS
services performs location registration by the Routing Area Update
procedure only when in a network of network operation mode I. Both
location updating and routing area update procedures are performed
independently by the GPRS MS when it is IMSI attached to GPRS and
non-GPRS services in a network of network operation mode II or III.
An MS which is attached via the E-UTRAN performs location registration
by the tracking area update procedure.
LRSN. Local Record
Sequence Number. The SGSN or GGSN includes this node-specific, unique
sequential number in every partial or complete CDR.
LSA. Localised Service
Area. A localised service area consists of a cell or a number of
cells. The cells constituting a LSA may not necessarily provide
contiguous coverage.
LTE. Long Term
Evolution.
M
MAG. Mobile Access
Gateway (mobility client, FA-like, HSGW, PMIP S-GW).
Mapped EPS security context.
It is a mapped security context to be used in EPS.
MBMS-dedicated cell.
cell dedicated to MBMS transmission.
MBR. Maximum Bit
Rate (QoS).
M-CDR. Mobility
management CDR is generated by an SGSN.
Minimal encapsulation. A
variant encapsulation technique specified in RFC 2003 that temporarily
alters the structure of the original IP header, but uses fewer bytes
for tunneling packets to the care-of-address than the default method
(IP-in-IP) uses.
MME. Mobility Management
Entity. An EPS element which manages mobility in EPC networks.
MME area. An area
containing tracking areas served by an MME.
MME Pool Area. An
MME Pool Area is defined as an area within which a UE may be served
without need to change the serving MME. An MME Pool Area is served
by one or more MMEs ("pool of MMEs") in parallel. MME Pool Areas
are a collection of complete Tracking Areas. MME Pool Areas may
overlap each other.
Mobile IP. A protocol
used to provide IP mobility to IPv4-based nodes, defined in RFC-2002).
MNSRID. Mobile
Node Session Reference ID. Denotes the calling number of the MN
(i.e. the number that the call is being made from).
Mobile Node (MN). An
MN is any device, handset, personal digital assistant, laptop, that
connects to the Internet using wireless technology. A node that,
as part of normal use, changes its point of attachment to the Internet.
Also referred to as Mobile Station (MS).
Mobile Station (MS). See
Mobile Node.
Mobility. The
ability of a mobile node to change its point-of-attachment from
one link to another while maintaining all existing communications
and using only its IP home address.
Mobility Agent. A
node (typically, a router) that offers support services to mobile
nodes. A mobility agent can be either a Home Agent (HA) or a Foreign
Agent (FA).
MSC. Mobile Switching
Center. The MSC switches MS-originated or MS-terminated traffic.
An MSC is usually connected to at least one base station. It may
connect to other public networks PSTN, ISDN, etc., other MSCs in
the same network. Another name used to identify the MSC is the Mobile
Telephone Switching Office (MTSO). The MSC provides the interface
for user traffic between the wireless network and other public switched
networks, or other MSCs.
MSID. Mobile Station
Identification. The Mobile Station ID is the number used to identify
a specific mobile device.
MSK. Master Session
Key.
MTBF. Mean Time
Between Failure. Synonymous with MTTF, this is the anticipated time
between failures of the same component.
MTTF. Mean Time
To Failure. The average interval of time that a component will operate
before failing.
MTTR. Mean Time
To Repair. The average amount of time needed to repair or replace
a component, recover a system, or otherwise restore service after
a failure.
MVG. Mobile Video
Gateway. The central component of the Cisco Mobile Video Solution.
It employs a number of video optimization techniques that enable
mobile operators to enhance the video experience for their subscribers
while optimizing the performance of video content transmission over
the mobile network.
N
NAI. Network Address
Identifier. Used to create a new unique subscriber identifier, based
on ESN or other identifiers, when a subscriber enters the network
without a user name.
NAS. Network Access
Signaling (network attach, authentication, bearer setup, and mobility
management).
NAS signalling connection
recovery. It is a mechanism initiated by the NAS to restore
the NAS signalling connection on indication of "RRC connection failure"
by the lower layers.
NAS signalling connection. It
is a peer to peer S1 mode connection between UE and MME. A NAS signaling
connection consists of the concatenation of an RRC connection via the
"LTE-Uu" interface and an S1AP connection via the S1 interface.
The UE considers the NAS signalling connection established when
the RRC connection has been established successfully. The UE considers
the NAS signalling connection released when the RRC connection has
been released.
Network Type. The
network type associated with HPLMN or a PLMN on the PLMN selector.
The MS uses this information to determine what type of radio carrier
to search for when attempting to select a specific PLMN. A PLMN
may support more than one network type.
NAS protocols. Non-access
stratum protocols. The protocols between UE and MSC or SGSN that
are not terminated in the UTRAN, and the protocols between UE and
MME that are not terminated in the E-UTRAN.
NAT. Network Address
Translation. Protocol defined in RFC-1631. Enables a LAN to use
one set of IP addresses for an internal traffic and another set
of IP addresses for an external traffic.
NEBS. Network
Equipment Building Standards. A rigid and extensive set of performance,
quality, safety, electrical, and environmental recommendations that
are applicable to devices installed in a carrier's Central Office
(CO).
NMS. Network Management
System. Applications that provide overall management of all network
elements. Defined by the third tier of the TMN model of telecommunications
management networks.
Nomadicity. The
full range of network technology being designed to come to the assistance
of the mobile (or nomadic) computer user, not limited to network-layer
protocols.
Non-GBR bearer. An
EPS bearer that uses network resources that are not related to a
Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) value.
NPU. Network Processor
Unit. A high-speed state-of-the-art processor customized for packet
forwarding functions. See Also NPU Manager.
NPU Manager. The
NPU manager task provides NPU-related information to other software
tasks and performs recovery services for the NPU. An NPU manager
task is started for each processing card in the system.
O
OMG. Object Management
Group. The OMG is an open membership, not-for-profit consortium
that produces and maintains computer industry specifications for
CORBA and other related protocols.
OSS. Operations
Support System. Methods and procedures that support the daily operations
of a carrier's network infrastructure. This includes order processing,
equipment assignment, and other administrative functions related
to the devices installed in the network.
OOB. Out-of-band
Management. Out-of-band management is a method wherein management
information exchanged between the network element and its associated
management application is carried on a separate communications path
from the user data that is coming to/from the network element.
Conversely, in-band management is management data that is carried across
the same interface as user data.
P
PBA. Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement.
PBU. Proxy Binding
Update (defined in RFC 5213 Proxy Mobile IPv6).
PCCM. PDN Connection
Configuration Message.
PCF. Packet Control
Function. A part of the 3G networking equipment that relays packet
data and control signalling between the BSC and the PCF. In some
cases, the PCF may be integrated into the BSC.
PCO. Protocol
Configuration Options.
PCRF. Policy and
Charging Rules Function.
P-CSCF. Proxy-CSCF
is the first point of contact for the UE in the IMS network. The
UE needs to establish a bearer context using which the IMS signalling
is carried by the UE with the P-CSCF.
P-CSCF Discovery. As
part of the initial context establishment, the system may be required
to select/discover a P-CSCF to be used by the UE and send
the selected P-CSCF information to the UE in the create response
for that PDP context. This procedure is called the P-CSCF discovery
procedure.
PCU. Packet Control
Unit. Typically a component in the BSS that connects to the BSC
to an SGSN in the core network of a GPRS/UMTS wireless
network. Once the call is established, the PCU handles the packet
data portion of a wireless call.
PDIF. Packet Data
Interworking Function. A security gateway providing secure voice
and data over a WiFi network via an IPSec tunnel.
PDN. Packet Data
Network. Any packet-based data network, such as the Internet or
an intranet, that a mobile subscriber would attempt to access.
PDN address. an IP
address assigned to the UE by the Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN
GW).
PDN Connection. The
association between a UE represented by one IPv4 address and/or
one IPv6 prefix/address, and a PDN represented by an APN.
PDN-ID. PDN Identifier.
PDP Session. unique
association of a subscriber with a network access service given
by the combination of MSISDN, APN and IP address. A PDP session
can consist of one or more PDP contexts (one primary and zero or
more secondary).
PDSN. Packet Data
Serving Node. The PDSN is a part of the 3G network that performs
packet processing and re-direction to the mobile user's home network
through communications with the Home Agent (HA).
PEP. Performance
Enhancing Proxy. PEP is used to improve the performance of the Internet
protocols (e.g., TCP) on network paths where native performance
suffers due to characteristics of a link or sub-network on the path.
P-GW. PDN Gateway.
Pi Interface. The
packet data interface from the Foreign Agent to Internet or Home
Agent.
Plain NAS message. A
NAS message with a header including neither a message authentication
code nor a sequence number.
PLMN. Public Land
Mobile Network. A term used to designate a GSM, GPRS or UMTS public
mobile communications network
PMIPv6. Proxy
Mobile IP version 6.
Point Code (PC). A
unique address for a node in an SS7 environment.
Policy Decision. The
set of policy information AGW receives from E-PDF in a Gx/Ty
Diameter message. E-PDF constructs policy decision on the basis
of Application Function events and events received over Gx/Ty
interface.
Policy Information. The
set of policy related data stored in E-PDF associated to a user,
including information determined via real-time analysis of an SDP
offer/answer exchange derived information in the context
of an IMS session, information derived from a pre configured charging
rule and preconcerted rule set. These information includes at least
charging rules, media component data, binding information and authorized
QoS. Policy information such as charging rules and authorized QoS
are sent in a policy decision by the E-PDF to the AGW for enforcement.
Pool-area. A pool
area is an area within which a MS may roam without need to change
the serving CN node. A pool area is served by one or more CN nodes
in parallel. All the cells controlled by a RNC or BSC belong to
the same one (or more) pool area(s).
Port. A defined
physical or logical connection where data enters or leaves a network
device.
POS. Packet over
SONET.
Preconcerted Charging
Rule. Charging rule created and configured in E-PDF by the operator.
PPP. Point-to-Point
Protocol. A protocol defined by RFC-1661 that allows for IP connectivity
between network devices.
Primary PDP Context. The
first PDP context activated by a UE. At the primary PDP context
activation an IP address (the PDP address) is assigned to a UE.
When activated a primary PDP context is general purpose (i.e. with
no associated TFT filters), during its lifetime may change to dedicated
(i.e. with associated TFT filters).
PTI. Procedure Transaction
Identity. An identity which is dynamically allocated by the UE for
the UE requested ESM procedures. The procedure transaction identity
is released when the procedure is completed.
PSC. Packet Services
Card. The PSC is an application card providing memory and processing
capabilities for handling subscriber sessions.
Pull Model. A
communication model where a policy decision is requested by the AGW.
Push Model. A
communication model where a policy decision is sent unsolicited by
the authorizing entity (i.e. E-PDF) to the AGW.
Q
QCI. QoS Class
Index.
QoS. Quality of
Service. A measure of the service quality provided to a subscriber.
In the IP environment, this relates to acceptable levels of quality
including bandwidth guarantees, latency, packet ordering, and other
service-related levels of service.
R
RA. Router Advertisement.
RADIUS. Remote
Authentication Dial In User Service. A group of protocols used
to provide AAA functionality for users through a defined server.
RAN or RN. Radio
Access Network or Radio Network. The culmination of BTS's and BSC's,
including the PCF in 3G networks.
RAT. Radio Access
Technologies/Radio Access Type.
RAT-related TMSI. When
the UE is camping on an E-UTRAN cell, the RAT-related TMSI is the
GUTI; when it is camping on a GERAN or UTRAN cell, the RAT-related TMSI
is the P-TMSI.
Rating Group. Information
that identifies a user plane data traffic category and is used by
the online and offline charging systems for rating purposes.
RCC. Redundancy
Crossbar Card. Interface card within the system that provides redundant
connectivity for LCs upon a processing card failure.
RCT. Recovery
Control Task. A system software task that controls the automatic failover
and restart of other tasks within the system. Each recovery action
is directed to the RCT from the HAT.
Reverse Tunnel. The
direction of encapsulate data traveling from the Foreign Agent to
the Home Agent.
Registration Area. A
registration area is an area in which mobile stations may roam without
a need to perform location registration. The registration area corresponds
to location area (LA) for performing location updating procedure,
to routing area for performing the GPRS attach or routing area update
procedures, and to list oftracking areas (TAs) for performing the
EPS attach or tracking area update procedure. The PLMN to which
a cell belongs (PLMN identity) is given in the system information
transmitted on the BCCH (MCC + MNC part of LAI). In a shared network
a cell belongs to all PLMNs given in the system information transmitted
on the BCCH.
Registration. This
is the process of camping on a cell of the PLMN and doing any necessary
LRs.
RFC. Request for
Comments. A document that contains Internet standards and protocols,
along with other useful information that has relevance to the Internet
community. RFCs provide developers the rules and directions on
how to implement various Internet communications functions so that
they adhere with, are interoperable to, other vendors' implementations
of the same function. RFCs are controlled by the International Engineering
Task Force (IETF).
Redirection. A
message that is intended to cause a change in the routing behavior of
the node receiving it.
Registration. The
process by which the mobile node informs the home agent about its
current care-of address .
Remote redirection. A
redirect sent from a source not present on the local network. The
source can be located anywhere in the global Internet and may have
malicious intent and be untraceable.
Replay attacks. A
security violation whereby a malicious entity attempts to imitate
a transaction recorded during a previous and valid transaction between
two protocol entities. Both protocol entities have to be aware that
the subsequent identical traffic streams may no longer be valid.
Since the previous transaction was valid, the algorithms for detecting
replay attacks need to incorporate data that can never be reproduced
in any correct subsequent transaction.
RM. Resource Management
subsystem. This group of software tasks assigns resources to
other tasks within the system as they are initiated and monitors
all resource allocations.
RMU. Rack Mounting Unit. A
unit of measurement used in telecommunications to denote the amount
of vertical space required to place a network device into an equipment
cabinet or telecommunications rack. Each RMU is equivalent to 1.75
in. (4.45 cm.) in height.
RNC. Radio Network
Controller.
ROHC. RObust Header
Compression.
Route optimization. A
process that enables the delivery of packets directly to the care-of
address from a correspondent node without having to detour through
the home network.
R-P. The interface
that exists between the PCF and the PDSN in a CDMA2000 network.
RPLMN. Registered PLMN.
This is the PLMN on which certain LR outcomes have occurred (see
table 1). In a shared network the RPLMN is the PLMN defined by the
PLMN identity of the CN operator that has accepted the LR.
R-P VPN. A routing
domain for the ingress R-P protocol consisting of a group of physical
or logical interfaces with an associated configuration. The system
supports multiple R-P VPNs, and does not forward packets between
multiple routing domains.
RS. Router Solicitation.
RSVP. Resource
ReSerVation Protocol.
Rule Base. A collection
of static charging rules configured in system.
Rule Base ID. The
identifier of a rule base.
S
S1. An interface
between an eNB and an EPC, providing an interconnection point between
the E-UTRAN and the EPC. It is also considered as a reference point.
S101 mode. This mode
applies to a system that operates with a functional division that
is in accordance with the use of an S101 interface.
S12 Interface. A
GTP-U direct tunnel interface/reference point between an
S-GW and an RNC.
S13 Interface. A
GTP-C/U interface/reference point between an MME
and an EIR.
S1-MME. An interface/reference
point for the control plane protocol between E-UTRAN and MME.
S3 Interface. An
interface/reference point between an MME and a release
8 SGSN.
S4 Interface. An
interface/reference point between an S-GW and a release
8 SGSN.
S5/S8 Interface. A
PMIPv6/GTP interface/reference point between a
P-GW and an S-GW. S5 is the non-roaming (home network) interface
between a home P-GW and a home S-GW. S8 is the roaming interface
between a home P-GW and a visited S-GW.
SAE. System Architecture
Evolution.
SAAU. Simultaneously
Attached and Active Users.
SBLP. Service-based
Local Policy. This term refers to the instantiation of a policy for
use of bearer resources in the access network based on Authorization
by a service. In the context of Go interface this is the combined
QoS given to a set of IP flows for an IMS session.
SCCP. Signaling
Connection Control Part. An SS7 transport layer, connection-oriented
protocol that works with MTP-3 to provide routing.
SCCP Network. A
proprietary concept designed to facilitate the creation and management
of SCCP parameters specific to the SGSN routing.
S-CDR. SGSN generated
CDR.
SCT. Shared Configuration
Task. This task provides the system’s software with facilities
to configure system parameters, retrieve information, and notify
the system of configuration changes.
SCTP. Stream Control
Transmission Protocol.
SDF. Service Data
Flow (specified by 3GPP).
SDT. Signalling
De-Multiplexing Task. See Also A11 Manager.
Secondary PDP Context. A
new activated PDP context reusing the PDP address and other PDP
context information from an already active PDP context, but with
a different QoS profile. A secondary PDP context may be dedicated
(i.e. with associated TFT filters) or general purpose (i.e. with
no associated TFT filters).
SectorID. Sector
Address Identifier. This identifier is used to identify an HRPD AN.
The Network operator shall set the value of the SectorID according
to the rules specified
Selected PLMN. This
is the PLMN that has been selected according to subclause 3.1, either
manually or automatically.
Service Based Authorization. This
term refers to the authorization for use of bearer resources in
the access network based on a determination by the application,
possibly due to negotiation involving the user. In general, bearer
resources may be authorized if the resources requested at the bearer
do not exceed the resources negotiated or requested at the service level.
Serving GW Service Area. A
Serving GW Service Area is defined as an area within which a UE
may be served without need to change the Serving GW. A Serving GW Service
Area is served by one or more Serving GWs in parallel. Serving GW
Service Areas are a collection of complete Tracking Areas. Serving
GW Service Areas may overlap each other.
Session Manager. A
group of tasks used by the system for subscriber processing services.
Each CP can have multiple session managers. Each session manager
is paired with an AAA manager, and can support multiple A11 managers.
SGs Interface. An
interface between an MME and an MSC/VLR. Used for Circuit
Switched Fallback scenarios.
SGSN. Serving
GPRS Support Node. The SGSN tracks the location of mobile devices
in a GSM GPRS or UMTS network and routes packet traffic from the
BSS to the GGSN.
S-GW. Serving
Gateway.
Shared Network. An
MS considers a cell to be part of a shared network, when multiple
PLMN identities are received on the BCCH.
SID. System Identification.
A number that uniquely identifies a network within a cellular of
PCS system.
Simple IP. The
most commonly used routing protocol on the Internet. This is the IP
portion of the TCP/IP suite of protocols used in wireless
packet communications.
SIT. System Initiation
Task. This critical task is responsible for starting all tasks and
system initialization.
SMC. System Management
Card, used with the Packet Services Card (PSC) in the ASR 5000 hardware
platform. It serves as the primary controller and is responsible
for initializing the entire system and loading the software’s
configuration image into other cards in the chassis as applicable.
Provides out-of-band management interfaces and access to centralized chassis
resources.
SMS. Short Message
Service.
SoLSA exclusive access. Cells
on which normal camping is allowed only for MS with Localised Service
Area (LSA) subscription.
Source Base Station. The
BS that is in control of the call is designated the source BS and
remains the source BS until it is removed from control of the call.
Source Context. The
context that a mobile subscribers is placed into by the system when
they connect to the system through a PCF.
Source routing. A
routing technique that causes some or all intermediate routing points
to be represented directly in the data packet to be forwarded. This
is in contrast to the typical situation in which intermediate routers
rely on acquired routing state information to forward incoming packets.
SPIO. Switch Processor
I/O card. Interface card within the system that provides input/output
and management interfaces for its corresponding management card.
SS7 Routing Domain. A
proprietary concept designed to facilitate the creation and management
of SS7-based configuration parameters (e.g., link ids and application
server processes) by organizing and grouping them.
Static Charging Rule. Charging
rule where all the data within the charging rule (e.g. service data
flow filter information) is statically assigned by configuration.
Static charging rule are typically configured in system.
STM. SONET Timing
Module. Provides Stratum 3 timing for both TDM and packet interfaces.
T
TAI. Tracking Area
Identifier. A tracking area that consists of multiple eNBs.
TAI list. A list
of TAIs that identify the tracking areas that the UE can enter without
performing a tracking area updating procedure. The TAIs in a TAI
list assigned by an MME to a UE pertain to the same MME area.
TDM. Time Division
Multiplex. A technique for simultaneously transmitting a number
of separate data signals over a single communications medium by
interleaving a part of each signal one after another.
TDMA. Time Division
Multiple Access. One of the wireless technology classes that encompasses
2G, 2.5G, and 3G communications. The other is CDMA.
TFT. Traffic Flow
Template.
TIA. Tunnel Inner
Address. An IP address assigned by a PDIF/FA and used to create
the initial CHILD_SA. After authentication and the creation
of a new IPSec_SA with the HoA, the initial CHILD_SA
is torn down and the address returned to the pool.
TLLI. Temporary
Logical Link Identifier. This Id is derived from the P-TMSI and
the RA to uniquely identify an MS in a GPRS sub-network.
TLV. Type Length
Value.
Traffic Category. User
plane data traffic subject to the same access cost and rating type.
A traffic category is identified by a Rating-Group and gathers a
set of services.
Traffic flow aggregate. A
temporary aggregate of packet filters that are included in a UE
requested bearer resource modification procedure and that is inserted
into a traffic flow template (TFT) for an EPS bearer context by
the network once the UE requested bearer resource modification procedure
is completed.
Triangular routing. The
path followed by a packet from a correspondent host to a mobile
node that must first be routed to the mobile node's Home Agent (HA).
Tunnel. A path
followed by a first packet while it is encapsulated within the payload
portion of a second packet.
Tunneling. The
same as encapsulation, but with additional connotations about changing
the effects of Internet routing on the original IP packet.
U
UE. User Equipment.
Term commonly used in 3G/4G scenarios. Equivalent to MS
or mobile station (commonly used in 2G/2.5G scenarios)
and to MN or mobile node (commonly used in 2G/2.5G scenarios
involving IP-level functions).
UE-associated logical
S1-connection. The UE-associated logical S1-connection uses
the identities MME UE S1AP ID and eNB UE S1AP ID. For a received
UE associated S1-AP message the MME identifies the associated UE
based on the MME UE S1AP ID IE and the eNB identifies the associated
UE based on the eNB UE S1AP ID IE. The UE-associated logical S1-connection
may exist before the S1 UE context is setup in eNB.
UE-associated signalling. When
S1-AP messages associated to one UE uses the UE-associated logical
S1-connection for association of the message to the UE in eNB and EPC.
UMTS. Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System. The GSM-based evolution for 3G
wireless communications. This term is also referred to as W-CDMA.
Unicast/MBMS-mixed
cell. This is the cell supporting both unicast and MBMS transmissions
Uplink. Any BS
that supports the call other than the source BS is designated as
a target BS.
UTRAN. UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access Network.
V
Visited PLMN. This is
a PLMN different from the HPLMN (if the EHPLMN list is not present
or is empty) or different from an EHPLMN (if the EHPLMN list is
present).
VLR. Visited Location
Register. The VLR caches access service parameter information (such
as the MS/UE’s mobile number) that it obtains
from a particular user's HLR upon call establishment.
VoIP. Voice over
IP. The protocol that describes the packetization of analog voice signals
into digital data packets.
VPN. Virtual Private
Network. A virtual router or domain instance that enables secure
communications between allowed network users and devices. Context
is the work most commonly used to denote this type of connectivity.
VSNP. Vendor Specific
Network Protocol.
VSNCP. Vendor
Specific Network Control Protocol.
W
WCDMA or W-CDMA. Wideband
CDMA. The GSM-based evolution for 3G wireless communications. This
term is also referred to as UMTS.
X
X2 Interface. It
is a logical interface between two eNBs. Whilst logically representing
a point to point link between eNBs, the physical realization need
not be a point to point link.