Cisco Nexus 6000 Series NX-OS Security Configuration Guide, Release 6.0(2)N1(1)
Configuring DHCP Snooping
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Contents

Configuring DHCP Snooping

This chapter contains the following sections:

Information About DHCP Snooping

DHCP snooping acts like a firewall between untrusted hosts and trusted DHCP servers. DHCP snooping performs the following activities:

  • Validates DHCP messages received from untrusted sources and filters out invalid messages.
  • Builds and maintains the DHCP snooping binding database, which contains information about untrusted hosts with leased IP addresses.
  • Uses the DHCP snooping binding database to validate subsequent requests from untrusted hosts.

DHCP snooping is enabled on a per-VLAN basis. By default, the feature is inactive on all VLANs. You can enable the feature on a single VLAN or a range of VLANs.

Feature Enabled and Globally Enabled

When you are configuring DHCP snooping, it is important that you understand the difference between enabling the DHCP snooping feature and globally enabling DHCP snooping.

Feature Enablement

The DHCP snooping feature is disabled by default. When the DHCP snooping feature is disabled, you cannot configure it or any of the features that depend on DHCP snooping. The commands to configure DHCP snooping and its dependent features are unavailable when DHCP snooping is disabled.

When you enable the DHCP snooping feature, the switch begins building and maintaining the DHCP snooping binding database. Features dependent on the DHCP snooping binding database can now make use of it and can therefore also be configured.

Enabling the DHCP snooping feature does not globally enable it. You must separately enable DHCP snooping globally.

Disabling the DHCP snooping feature removes all DHCP snooping configuration from the switch. If you want to disable DHCP snooping and preserve the configuration, globally disable DHCP snooping but do not disable the DHCP snooping feature.

Global Enablement

After DHCP snooping is enabled, DHCP snooping is globally disabled by default. Global enablement is a second level of enablement that allows you to have separate control of whether the switch is actively performing DHCP snooping that is independent from enabling the DHCP snooping binding database.

When you globally enable DHCP snooping, on each untrusted interface of VLANs that have DHCP snooping enabled, the switch begins validating DHCP messages that are received and used the DHCP snooping binding database to validate subsequent requests from untrusted hosts.

When you globally disable DHCP snooping, the switch stops validating DHCP messages and validating subsequent requests from untrusted hosts. It also removes the DHCP snooping binding database. Globally disabling DHCP snooping does not remove any DHCP snooping configuration or the configuration of other features that are dependent upon the DHCP snooping feature.

Trusted and Untrusted Sources

You can configure whether DHCP snooping trusts traffic sources. An untrusted source might initiate traffic attacks or other hostile actions. To prevent such attacks, DHCP snooping filters messages from untrusted sources.

In an enterprise network, a trusted source is a switch that is under your administrative control. These switches include the switches, routers, and servers in the network. Any switch beyond the firewall or outside the network is an untrusted source. Generally, host ports are treated as untrusted sources.

In a service provider environment, any switch that is not in the service provider network is an untrusted source (such as a customer switch). Host ports are untrusted sources.

In a Cisco Nexus device, you indicate that a source is trusted by configuring the trust state of its connecting interface.

The default trust state of all interfaces is untrusted. You must configure DHCP server interfaces as trusted. You can also configure other interfaces as trusted if they connect to switches (such as switches or routers) inside your network. You usually do not configure host port interfaces as trusted.


Note

For DHCP snooping to function properly, you must connect all DHCP servers to the switch through trusted interfaces.

DHCP Snooping Binding Database

Using information extracted from intercepted DHCP messages, DHCP snooping dynamically builds and maintains a database. The database contains an entry for each untrusted host with a leased IP address if the host is associated with a VLAN that has DHCP snooping enabled. The database does not contain entries for hosts that are connected through trusted interfaces.


Note

The DHCP snooping binding database is also referred to as the DHCP snooping binding table.

DHCP snooping updates the database when the switch receives specific DHCP messages. For example, the feature adds an entry to the database when the switch receives a DHCPACK message from the server. The feature removes the entry in the database when the IP address lease expires or the switch receives a DHCPRELEASE message from the host.

Each entry in the DHCP snooping binding database includes the MAC address of the host, the leased IP address, the lease time, the binding type, and the VLAN number and interface information associated with the host.

You can remove entries from the binding database by using the clear ip dhcp snooping binding command.

DHCP Snooping Option 82 Data Insertion

DHCP can centrally manage the IP address assignments for a large number of subscribers. When you enable Option 82, the device identifies a subscriber device that connects to the network (in addition to its MAC address). Multiple hosts on the subscriber LAN can connect to the same port on the access device and are uniquely identified.

When you enable Option 82 on the Cisco NX-OS device, the following sequence of events occurs:

  1. The host (DHCP client) generates a DHCP request and broadcasts it on the network.
  2. When the Cisco NX-OS device receives the DHCP request, it adds the Option 82 information in the packet. The Option 82 information contains the device MAC address (the remote ID suboption) and the port identifier, vlan-mod-port, from which the packet is received (the circuit ID suboption). For hosts behind the port channel, the circuit ID is filled with the if_index of the port channel.

    Note

    For vPC peer switches, the remote ID suboption contains the vPC switch MAC address, which is unique in both switches. This MAC address is computed with the vPC domain ID. The Option 82 information is inserted at the switch where the DHCP request is first received before it is forwarded to the other vPC peer switch.

  3. The device forwards the DHCP request that includes the Option 82 field to the DHCP server.
  4. The DHCP server receives the packet. If the server is Option 82 capable, it can use the remote ID, the circuit ID, or both to assign IP addresses and implement policies, such as restricting the number of IP addresses that can be assigned to a single remote ID or circuit ID. The DHCP server echoes the Option 82 field in the DHCP reply.
  5. The DHCP server sends the reply to the Cisco NX-OS device. The Cisco NX-OS device verifies that it originally inserted the Option 82 data by inspecting the remote ID and possibly the circuit ID fields. The Cisco NX-OS device removes the Option 82 field and forwards the packet to the interface that connects to the DHCP client that sent the DHCP request.

If the previously described sequence of events occurs, the following values do not change:

  • Circuit ID suboption fields
    • Suboption type
    • Length of the suboption type
    • Circuit ID type
    • Length of the circuit ID type
  • Remote ID suboption fields
    • Suboption type
    • Length of the suboption type
    • Remote ID type
    • Length of the circuit ID type
Figure 1. Suboption Packet Formats.

This figure shows the packet formats for the remote ID suboption and the circuit ID suboption. The Cisco NX-OS device uses the packet formats when you globally enable DHCP snooping and when you enable Option 82 data insertion and removal. For the circuit ID suboption, the module field is the slot number of the module.



DHCP Snooping in a vPC Environment

A virtual port channel (vPC) allows two Cisco NX-OS switches to appear as a single logical port channel to a third switch. The third switch can be a switch, server, or any other networking switch that supports port channels.

In a typical vPC environment, DHCP requests can reach one vPC peer switch and the responses can reach the other vPC peer switch, resulting in a partial DHCP (IP-MAC) binding entry in one switch and no binding entry in the other switch. This issue is addressed by using Cisco Fabric Service over Ethernet (CFSoE) distribution to ensure that all DHCP packets (requests and responses) appear on both switches, which helps in creating and maintaining the same binding entry on both switches for all clients behind the vPC link.

CFSoE distribution also allows only one switch to forward the DHCP requests and responses on the vPC link. In non-vPC environments, both switches forward the DHCP packets.

Synchronizing DHCP Snooping Binding Entries

The dynamic DHCP binding entries should be in sync in the following scenarios:
  • When the remote vPC is online, all the binding entries for that vPC link should be in sync with the peer.
  • When DHCP snooping is enabled on the peer switch, the dynamic binding entries for all vPC links that are up remotely should be in sync with the peer.

Packet Validation

The switch validates DHCP packets received on the untrusted interfaces of VLANs that have DHCP snooping enabled. The switch forwards the DHCP packet unless any of the following conditions occur (in which case, the packet is dropped):

  • The switch receives a DHCP response packet (such as a DHCPACK, DHCPNAK, or DHCPOFFER packet) on an untrusted interface.
  • The switch receives a packet on an untrusted interface, and the source MAC address and the DHCP client hardware address do not match. This check is performed only if the DHCP snooping MAC address verification option is turned on.
  • The switch receives a DHCPRELEASE or DHCPDECLINE message from an untrusted host with an entry in the DHCP snooping binding table, and the interface information in the binding table does not match the interface on which the message was received.
  • The switch receives a DHCP packet that includes a relay agent IP address that is not 0.0.0.0.

In addition, you can enable strict validation of DHCP packets, which checks the options field of DHCP packets, including the “magic cookie” value in the first four bytes of the options field. By default, strict validation is disabled. When you enable it, by using the ip dhcp packet strict-validation command, if DHCP snooping processes a packet that has an invalid options field, it drops the packet.

Information About the DHCP Relay Agent

DHCP Relay Agent

You can configure the device to run a DHCP relay agent, which forwards DHCP packets between clients and servers. This feature is useful when clients and servers are not on the same physical subnet. Relay agents receive DHCP messages and then generate a new DHCP message to send out on another interface. The relay agent sets the gateway address (giaddr field of the DHCP packet) and, if configured, adds the relay agent information option (Option 82) in the packet and forwards it to the DHCP server. The reply from the server is forwarded back to the client after removing Option 82.

After you enable Option 82, the device uses the binary ifindex format by default. If needed, you can change the Option 82 setting to use an encoded string format instead.


Note

When the device relays a DHCP request that already includes Option 82 information, the device forwards the request with the original Option 82 information without altering it.

VRF Support for the DHCP Relay Agent

You can configure the DHCP relay agent to forward DHCP broadcast messages from clients in a virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) instance to DHCP servers in a different VRF. By using a single DHCP server to provide DHCP support to clients in multiple VRFs, you can conserve IP addresses by using a single IP address pool rather than one for each VRF.

Enabling VRF support for the DHCP relay agent requires that you enable Option 82 for the DHCP relay agent.

If a DHCP request arrives on an interface that you have configured with a DHCP relay address and VRF information and the address of the DCHP server belongs to a network on an interface that is a member of a different VRF, the device inserts Option 82 information in the request and forwards it to the DHCP server in the server VRF. The Option 82 information includes the following:

VPN identifier

Name of the VRF that the interface that receives the DHCP request is a member of.

Link selection

Subnet address of the interface that receives the DHCP request.

Server identifier override

IP address of the interface that receives the DHCP request.


Note

The DHCP server must support the VPN identifier, link selection, and server identifier override options.

When the device receives the DHCP response message, it strips off the Option 82 information and forwards the response to the DHCP client in the client VRF.

DHCP Relay Binding Database

A relay binding is an entity that associates a DHCP or BOOTP client with a relay agent address and its subnet. Each relay binding stores the client MAC address, active relay agent address, active relay agent address mask, logical and physical interfaces to which the client is connected, giaddr retry count, and total retry count. The giaddr retry count is the number of request packets transmitted with that relay agent address, and the total retry count is the total number of request packets transmitted by the relay agent. One relay binding entry is maintained for each DHCP or BOOTP client.


Note

When DHCP smart relay is enabled globally or at the interface level on any switch, the relay bindings on all switches should be synchronized with the vPC peer.

Guidelines and Limitations for DHCP Snooping

Consider the following guidelines and limitations when configuring DHCP snooping:

  • The DHCP snooping database can store 2000 bindings.
  • DHCP snooping is not active until you enable the feature, enable DHCP snooping globally, and enable DHCP snooping on at least one VLAN.
  • Before globally enabling DHCP snooping on the switch, make sure that the switches that act as the DHCP server and the DHCP relay agent are configured and enabled.
  • If a VLAN ACL (VACL) is configured on a VLAN that you are configuring with DHCP snooping, ensure that the VACL permits DHCP traffic between DHCP servers and DHCP hosts.
  • By default, DHCP bindings are not saved persistently across switch reboots. To maintain persistent bindings across switch reboots, use the copy r s command. When the copy r s command is issued, all bindings that exist at that time are made persistent across switch reboots.
  • Make sure that the DHCP configuration is synchronized across the switches in a vPC link. Otherwise, a run-time error can occur, resulting in dropped packets.
  • To use both remote and local DHCP servers, you must configure the DHCP relay feature and either define the unicast address of the local DHCP server or configure a local broadcast address for the subnet where the local DHCP server resides. If you do not define the unicast address of the DHCP server or configure a local broadcast address for the subnet, local DHCP packets cannot be delivered. For example, this situation can occur when you apply an IP DHCP address to an SVI.

The following additional guidelines and limitations apply to implementations that include FabricPath:

  • DHCP snooping should be enabled on CE-Fabric boundary switches.
  • DHCP snooping is enabled on all access layer switches to secure the network at the access layer.
  • DHCP does not learn which binding entries are on ports configured in FabricPath mode. DHCP snooping must be manually enabled on all access layer switches.
  • When Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) is enabled, ARP packets received on FabricPath ports are allowed.
  • IPSG cannot be enabled on ports in FabricPath mode.
  • All FabricPath ports in the system must be configured as trusted ports.
  • DHCP snooping with Fabric Path has to be enabled on all of the configured VLANs for a switch. If you do not enable FabricPath for all of the VLANs on the switch, DHCP packets will drop for the VLANs where DHCP has not been enabled. To ensure that DHCP packets are not dropped, you must complete all of the following configurations:
    • Enable the DHCP feature using the feature dhcp command.
    • Install the FabricPath feature set using the install feature-set fabricpath and feature-set fabricpath commands
    • Globally enable DHCP snooping using the ip dhcp snooping command.
    • Enable DHCP snooping for each of the configured VLANs on the switch using the ip dhcp snooping vlan vlan command.

Default Settings for DHCP Snooping

This table lists the default settings for DHCP snooping parameters.



Table 1 Default DHCP Snooping Parameters

Parameters

Default

DHCP snooping feature

Disabled

DHCP snooping globally enabled

No

DHCP snooping VLAN

None

DHCP snooping Option 82 support

Disabled

DHCP snooping trust

Untrusted

Configuring DHCP Snooping

Minimum DHCP Snooping Configuration

     Command or ActionPurpose
    Step 1 Enable the DHCP snooping feature. 

    When the DHCP snooping feature is disabled, you cannot configure DHCP snooping.

    For details, see Enabling or Disabling the DHCP Snooping Feature.

     
    Step 2Enable DHCP snooping globally. 

    For details, see Enabling or Disabling DHCP Snooping Globally.

     
    Step 3 Enable DHCP snooping on at least one VLAN. 

    By default, DHCP snooping is disabled on all VLANs.

    For details, see Enabling or Disabling DHCP Snooping on a VLAN.

     
    Step 4Ensure that the DHCP server is connected to the switch using a trusted interface. 

    For details, see Configuring an Interface as Trusted or Untrusted.

     

    Enabling or Disabling the DHCP Snooping Feature

    You can enable or disable the DHCP snooping feature on the switch. By default, DHCP snooping is disabled.

    Before You Begin

    If you disable the DHCP snooping feature, all DHCP snooping configuration is lost. If you want to turn off DHCP snooping and preserve the DHCP snooping configuration, disable DHCP globally.

    SUMMARY STEPS

      1.    configure terminal

      2.    [no] feature dhcp

      3.    (Optional) show running-config dhcp

      4.    (Optional) copy running-config startup-config


    DETAILED STEPS
       Command or ActionPurpose
      Step 1 configure terminal


      Example: 
      switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#
       

      Enters global configuration mode.

       
      Step 2 [no] feature dhcp


      Example: 
      switch(config)# feature dhcp
       

      Enables the DHCP snooping feature. The no option disables the DHCP snooping feature and erases all DHCP snooping configuration.

       
      Step 3 show running-config dhcp


      Example: 
      switch(config)# show running-config dhcp
              		(Optional)

      Shows the DHCP snooping configuration.

       
      Step 4 copy running-config startup-config


      Example: 
      switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config
              		(Optional)

      Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

       

      Enabling or Disabling DHCP Snooping Globally

      You can enable or disable the DHCP snooping globally on the switch. Globally disabling DHCP snooping stops the switch from performing any DHCP snooping or relaying DHCP messages but preserves DCHP snooping configuration.

      Before You Begin

      Ensure that you have enabled the DHCP snooping feature. By default, DHCP snooping is globally disabled.

      SUMMARY STEPS

        1.    configure terminal

        2.    [no] ip dhcp snooping

        3.    (Optional) show running-config dhcp

        4.    (Optional) copy running-config startup-config


      DETAILED STEPS
         Command or ActionPurpose
        Step 1 configure terminal


        Example: 
        switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#
         

        Enters global configuration mode.

         
        Step 2 [no] ip dhcp snooping


        Example: 
        switch(config)# ip dhcp snooping
         

        Enables DHCP snooping globally. The no option disables DHCP snooping.

         
        Step 3 show running-config dhcp


        Example: 
        switch(config)# show running-config dhcp
                  		(Optional)

        Shows the DHCP snooping configuration.

         
        Step 4 copy running-config startup-config


        Example: 
        switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config
                  		(Optional)

        Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

         

        Enabling or Disabling DHCP Snooping on a VLAN

        You can enable or disable DHCP snooping on one or more VLANs.

        Before You Begin

        By default, DHCP snooping is disabled on all VLANs.

        Ensure that DHCP snooping is enabled.


        Note

        If a VACL is configured on a VLAN that you are configuring with DHCP snooping, ensure that the VACL permits DHCP traffic between DHCP servers and DHCP hosts.

        SUMMARY STEPS

          1.    configure terminal

          2.    [no] ip dhcp snooping vlan vlan-list

          3.    (Optional) show running-config dhcp

          4.    (Optional) copy running-config startup-config


        DETAILED STEPS
           Command or ActionPurpose
          Step 1 configure terminal


          Example: 
          switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#
           

          Enters global configuration mode.

           
          Step 2 [no] ip dhcp snooping vlan vlan-list


          Example: 
          switch(config)# ip dhcp snooping vlan 100,200,250-252
           

          Enables DHCP snooping on the VLANs specified by vlan-list. The no option disables DHCP snooping on the VLANs specified.

           
          Step 3 show running-config dhcp


          Example: 
          switch(config)# show running-config dhcp
                      		(Optional)

          Shows the DHCP snooping configuration.

           
          Step 4 copy running-config startup-config


          Example: 
          switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config
                      		(Optional)

          Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

           

          Enabling or Disabling Option 82 Data Insertion and Removal

          You can enable or disable the insertion and removal of Option 82 information for DHCP packets forwarded without the use of the DHCP relay agent.

          Before You Begin

          By default, the switch does not include Option 82 information in DHCP packets.

          Ensure that DHCP snooping is enabled.

          SUMMARY STEPS

            1.    configure terminal

            2.    [no] ip dhcp snooping information option

            3.    show running-config dhcp

            4.    (Optional) copy running-config startup-config


          DETAILED STEPS
             Command or ActionPurpose
            Step 1 configure terminal


            Example: 
            switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#
             

            Enters global configuration mode.

             
            Step 2 [no] ip dhcp snooping information option


            Example: 
            switch(config)# ip dhcp snooping information option
             

            Enables the insertion and removal of Option 82 information from DHCP packets. The no option disables the insertion and removal of Option 82 information.

             
            Step 3 show running-config dhcp


            Example: 
            switch(config)# show running-config dhcp
             

            Shows the DHCP snooping configuration.

             
            Step 4 copy running-config startup-config


            Example: 
            switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config
                          		(Optional)

            Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

             

            Enabling or Disabling Strict DHCP Packet Validation

            You can enable or disable the strict validation of DHCP packets by the DHCP snooping feature. By default, strict validation of DHCP packets is disabled.

            SUMMARY STEPS

              1.    configure terminal

              2.    [no] ip dhcp packet strict-validation

              3.    (Optional) show running-config dhcp

              4.    (Optional) copy running-config startup-config


            DETAILED STEPS
               Command or ActionPurpose
              Step 1 configure terminal


              Example: 
              switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#
               

              Enters global configuration mode.

               
              Step 2 [no] ip dhcp packet strict-validation


              Example: 
              switch(config)# ip dhcp packet strict-validation
               

              Enables the strict validation of DHCP packets by the DHCP snooping feature. The no option disables strict DHCP packet validation.

               
              Step 3 show running-config dhcp


              Example: 
              switch(config)# show running-config dhcp
                              		(Optional)

              Shows the DHCP snooping configuration.

               
              Step 4 copy running-config startup-config


              Example: 
              switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config
                              		(Optional)

              Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

               

              Configuring an Interface as Trusted or Untrusted

              You can configure whether an interface is a trusted or untrusted source of DHCP messages. You can configure DHCP trust on the following types of interfaces:

              • Layer 2 Ethernet interfaces
              • Layer 2 port-channel interfaces
              Before You Begin

              By default, all interfaces are untrusted.

              Ensure that DHCP snooping is enabled.

              SUMMARY STEPS

                1.    configure terminal

                2.    Enter one of the following commands:

                • interface ethernet port/slot
                • interface port-channel channel-number

                3.    [no] ip dhcp snooping trust

                4.    (Optional) show running-config dhcp

                5.    (Optional) copy running-config startup-config


              DETAILED STEPS
                 Command or ActionPurpose
                Step 1 configure terminal


                Example: 
                switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#
                 

                Enters global configuration mode.

                 
                Step 2Enter one of the following commands:
                • interface ethernet port/slot
                • interface port-channel channel-number


                Example: 
                switch(config)# interface ethernet 2/1
switch(config-if)#
                 
                • Enters interface configuration mode, where port / slot is the Layer 2 Ethernet interface that you want to configure as trusted or untrusted for DHCP snooping.
                • Enters interface configuration mode, where port / slot is the Layer 2 port-channel interface that you want to configure as trusted or untrusted for DHCP snooping.
                Note   

                If this is a 10G breakout port, the slot/port syntax is slot/QSFP-module/port.

                 
                Step 3 [no] ip dhcp snooping trust


                Example: 
                switch(config-if)# ip dhcp snooping trust
                 

                Configures the interface as a trusted interface for DHCP snooping. The no option configures the port as an untrusted interface.

                 
                Step 4 show running-config dhcp


                Example: 
                switch(config-if)# show running-config dhcp
                                  		(Optional)

                Shows the DHCP snooping configuration.

                 
                Step 5 copy running-config startup-config


                Example: 
                switch(config-if)# copy running-config startup-config
                                  		(Optional)

                Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

                 

                Enabling or Disabling the DHCP Relay Agent

                You can enable or disable the DHCP relay agent. By default, the DHCP relay agent is enabled.

                Before You Begin

                Ensure that the DHCP feature is enabled.

                SUMMARY STEPS

                  1.    configure terminal

                  2.    [no] ip dhcp relay

                  3.    (Optional) show ip dhcp relay

                  4.    (Optional) show running-config dhcp

                  5.    (Optional) copy running-config startup-config


                DETAILED STEPS
                   Command or ActionPurpose
                  Step 1 configure terminal


                  Example: 
                  switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#
                   

                  Enters global configuration mode.

                   
                  Step 2 [no] ip dhcp relay


                  Example: 
                  switch(config)# ip dhcp relay
                   

                  Enables the DHCP relay agent. The no option disables the DHCP relay agent.

                   
                  Step 3 show ip dhcp relay


                  Example: 
                  switch(config)# show ip dhcp relay
                                      		(Optional)

                  Displays the DHCP relay configuration.

                   
                  Step 4 show running-config dhcp


                  Example: 
                  switch(config)# show running-config dhcp
                                      		(Optional)

                  Displays the DHCP configuration.

                   
                  Step 5 copy running-config startup-config


                  Example: 
                  switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config
                                      		(Optional)

                  Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

                   

                  Enabling or Disabling Option 82 for the DHCP Relay Agent

                  You can enable or disable the device to insert and remove Option 82 information on DHCP packets forwarded by the relay agent.

                  By default, the DHCP relay agent does not include Option 82 information in DHCP packets.

                  Before You Begin

                  Ensure that the DHCP feature is enabled.

                  SUMMARY STEPS

                    1.    switch# configure terminal

                    2.    switch(config)#[no] ip dhcp relay information option

                    3.    (Optional) switch(config)# ip dhcp relay information sub-option circuit-id format-type string

                    4.    (Optional) switch(config)# show ip dhcp relay

                    5.    (Optional) switch(config)# show running-config dhcp

                    6.    (Optional) switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config


                  DETAILED STEPS
                     Command or ActionPurpose
                    Step 1switch# configure terminal 

                    Enters global configuration mode.

                     
                    Step 2 switch(config)#[no] ip dhcp relay information option  

                    Enables the DHCP relay agent to insert and remove Option 82 information on the packets that it forwards. The Option 82 information is in binary ifindex format by default. The no option disables this behavior.

                     
                    Step 3switch(config)# ip dhcp relay information sub-option circuit-id format-type string   (Optional)

                    Configures Option 82 to use encoded string format instead of the default binary ifindex format.

                     
                    Step 4 switch(config)# show ip dhcp relay   (Optional)

                    Displays the DHCP relay configuration.

                     
                    Step 5 switch(config)# show running-config dhcp   (Optional)

                    Displays the DHCP configuration.

                     
                    Step 6switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config  (Optional)

                    Saves the change persistently through reboots and restarts by copying the running configuration to the startup configuration.

                     

                    Enabling or Disabling VRF Support for the DHCP Relay Agent

                    You can configure the device to support the relaying of DHCP requests that arrive on an interface in one VRF to a DHCP server in a different VRF.

                    Before You Begin

                    You must enable Option 82 for the DHCP relay agent.

                    SUMMARY STEPS

                      1.    configure terminal

                      2.    [no] ip dhcp relay information option vpn

                      3.    [no] ip dhcp relay sub-option type cisco

                      4.    (Optional) show ip dhcp relay

                      5.    (Optional) show running-config dhcp

                      6.    (Optional) copy running-config startup-config


                    DETAILED STEPS
                       Command or ActionPurpose
                      Step 1 configure terminal


                      Example: 
                      switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#
                       

                      Enters global configuration mode.

                       
                      Step 2 [no] ip dhcp relay information option vpn


                      Example: 
                      switch(config)# ip dhcp relay information option vpn
                       

                      Enables VRF support for the DHCP relay agent. The no option disables this behavior.

                       
                      Step 3 [no] ip dhcp relay sub-option type cisco


                      Example: 
                      switch(config)# ip dhcp relay sub-option type cisco
                       

                      Enables DHCP to use Cisco proprietary numbers 150, 152, and 151 when filling the link selection, server ID override, and VRF name/VPN ID relay agent Option 82 suboptions. The no option causes DHCP to use RFC numbers 5, 11, and 151 for the link selection, server ID override, and VRF name/VPN ID suboptions.

                       
                      Step 4 show ip dhcp relay


                      Example: 
                      switch(config)# show ip dhcp relay
                                              		(Optional)

                      Displays the DHCP relay configuration.

                       
                      Step 5 show running-config dhcp


                      Example: 
                      switch(config)# show running-config dhcp
                                              		(Optional)

                      Displays the DHCP configuration.

                       
                      Step 6 copy running-config startup-config


                      Example: 
                      switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config
                                              		(Optional)

                      Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

                       

                      Enabling or Disabling Subnet Broadcast Support for the DHCP Relay Agent on a Layer 3 Interface

                      You can configure the device to support the relaying of DHCP packets from clients to a subnet broadcast IP address. When this feature is enabled, the VLAN ACLs (VACLs) accept IP broadcast packets and all subnet broadcast (primary subnet broadcast as well as secondary subnet broadcast) packets.

                      Before You Begin

                      Ensure that the DHCP feature is enabled.

                      Ensure that the DHCP relay agent is enabled.

                      SUMMARY STEPS

                        1.    configure terminal

                        2.    interface interface slot/port

                        3.    [no] ip dhcp relay subnet-broadcast

                        4.    exit

                        5.    exit

                        6.    (Optional) show ip dhcp relay

                        7.    (Optional) show running-config dhcp

                        8.    (Optional) copy running-config startup-config


                      DETAILED STEPS
                         Command or ActionPurpose
                        Step 1 configure terminal


                        Example: 
                        switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#
                         

                        Enters global configuration mode.

                         
                        Step 2 interface interface slot/port


                        Example: 
                        switch(config)# interface ethernet 2/2
switch(config-if)#
                         

                        Enters interface configuration mode, where slot/port is the interface for which you want to enable or disable subnet broadcast support for the DHCP relay agent.

                        Note   

                        If this is a 10G breakout port, the slot/port syntax is slot/QSFP-module/port.

                         
                        Step 3 [no] ip dhcp relay subnet-broadcast


                        Example: 
                        switch(config-if)# ip dhcp relay subnet-broadcast
                         

                        Enables subnet broadcast support for the DHCP relay agent. The no option disables this behavior.

                         
                        Step 4 exit


                        Example: 
                        switch(config-if)# exit
switch(config)#
                         

                        Exits interface configuration mode.

                         
                        Step 5 exit


                        Example: 
                        switch(config)# exit
switch#
                         

                        Exits global configuration mode.

                         
                        Step 6 show ip dhcp relay


                        Example: 
                        switch# show ip dhcp relay
                                                  		(Optional)

                        Displays the DHCP relay configuration.

                         
                        Step 7 show running-config dhcp


                        Example: 
                        switch# show running-config dhcp
                                                  		(Optional)

                        Displays the DHCP configuration.

                         
                        Step 8 copy running-config startup-config


                        Example: 
                        switch# copy running-config startup-config
                                                  		(Optional)

                        Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

                         

                        Creating a DHCP Static Binding

                        You can create a static DHCP source binding to a Layer 2 interface.

                        Before You Begin

                        Ensure that you have enabled the DHCP snooping feature.

                        SUMMARY STEPS

                          1.    configure terminal

                          2.    ip source binding IP-address MAC-address vlan vlan-id {interface ethernet slot/port | port-channel channel-no}

                          3.    (Optional) show ip dhcp snooping binding

                          4.    (Optional) show ip dhcp snooping binding dynamic

                          5.    (Optional) copy running-config startup-config


                        DETAILED STEPS
                           Command or ActionPurpose
                          Step 1 configure terminal


                          Example: 
                          switch# configure terminal
switch(config)#
                           

                          Enters global configuration mode.

                           
                          Step 2ip source binding IP-address MAC-address vlan vlan-id {interface ethernet slot/port | port-channel channel-no}


                          Example: 
                          switch(config)# ip source binding 10.5.22.7 001f.28bd.0013 vlan 100 interface ethernet 2/3
                           

                          Binds the static source address to the Layer 2 Ethernet interface.

                          Note   

                          If this is a 10G breakout port, the slot/port syntax is slot/QSFP-module/port.

                           
                          Step 3 show ip dhcp snooping binding


                          Example: 
                          switch(config)#  ip dhcp snooping binding
                                                      		(Optional)

                          Shows the DHCP snooping static and dynamic bindings.

                           
                          Step 4 show ip dhcp snooping binding dynamic


                          Example: 
                          switch(config)#  ip dhcp snooping binding dynamic
                                                      		(Optional)

                          Shows the DHCP snooping dynamic bindings.

                           
                          Step 5 copy running-config startup-config


                          Example: 
                          switch(config)# copy running-config startup-config
                                                      		(Optional)

                          Copies the running configuration to the startup configuration.

                           

                          The following example shows how to create a static IP source entry associated with VLAN 100 on Ethernet interface 2/3:

                          switch# configure terminal
switch(config)# ip source binding 10.5.22.7 001f.28bd.0013 vlan 100 interface ethernet 2/3
switch(config)#

                          Verifying the DHCP Snooping Configuration

                          To display DHCP snooping configuration information, perform one of the following tasks. For detailed information about the fields in the output from these commands, see the System Management Configuration Guide for your Cisco Nexus device.

                          Command

                          Purpose

                          show running-config dhcp

                          Displays the DHCP snooping configuration.

                          show ip dhcp snooping

                          Displays general information about DHCP snooping.

                          Displaying DHCP Bindings

                          Use the show ip dhcp snooping binding command to display the DHCP static and dynamic binding table. Use the show ip dhcp snooping binding dynamic to display the DHCP dynamic binding table.

                          For detailed information about the fields in the output from this command, see the System Management Configuration Guide for your Cisco Nexus device.

                          This example shows how to create a static DHCP binding and then verify the binding using the show ip dhcp snooping binding command.

                          switch# configuration terminal
switch(config)# ip source binding 10.20.30.40 0000.1111.2222 vlan 400 interface port-channel 500

switch(config)# show ip dhcp snooping binding
MacAddress         IpAddress        LeaseSec  Type        VLAN  Interface
-----------------  ---------------  --------  ----------  ----  -------------
00:00:11:11:22:22  10.20.30.40      infinite  static      400   port-channel500

                          Clearing the DHCP Snooping Binding Database

                          You can remove entries from the DHCP snooping binding database, including a single entry, all entries associated with an interface, or all entries in the database.

                          Before You Begin

                          Ensure that DHCP snooping is enabled.

                          SUMMARY STEPS

                            1.    (Optional) clear ip dhcp snooping binding

                            2.    (Optional) clear ip dhcp snooping binding interface ethernet slot/port[.subinterface-number]

                            3.    (Optional) clear ip dhcp snooping binding interface port-channel channel-number[.subchannel-number]

                            4.    (Optional) clear ip dhcp snooping binding vlan vlan-id mac mac-address ip ip-address interface {ethernet slot/port[.subinterface-number | port-channel channel-number[.subchannel-number] }

                            5.    (Optional) show ip dhcp snooping binding


                          DETAILED STEPS
                             Command or ActionPurpose
                            Step 1 clear ip dhcp snooping binding


                            Example: 
                            switch# clear ip dhcp snooping binding
                                                          		(Optional)

                            Clears all entries from the DHCP snooping binding database.

                             
                            Step 2 clear ip dhcp snooping binding interface ethernet slot/port[.subinterface-number]


                            Example: 
                            switch# clear ip dhcp snooping binding interface ethernet 1/4
                                                          		(Optional)

                            Clears entries associated with a specific Ethernet interface from the DHCP snooping binding database.

                             
                            Step 3 clear ip dhcp snooping binding interface port-channel channel-number[.subchannel-number]


                            Example: 
                            switch# clear ip dhcp snooping binding interface port-channel 72
                                                          		(Optional)

                            Clears entries associated with a specific port-channel interface from the DHCP snooping binding database.

                             
                            Step 4 clear ip dhcp snooping binding vlan vlan-id mac mac-address ip ip-address interface {ethernet slot/port[.subinterface-number | port-channel channel-number[.subchannel-number] }


                            Example: 
                            switch# clear ip dhcp snooping binding vlan 23 mac 0060.3aeb.54f0 ip 10.34.54.9 interface 
ethernet 2/11
                                                          		(Optional)

                            Clears a single, specific entry from the DHCP snooping binding database.

                             
                            Step 5 show ip dhcp snooping binding


                            Example: 
                            switch# show ip dhcp snooping binding
                                                          		(Optional)

                            Displays the DHCP snooping binding database.

                             

                            Configuration Examples for DHCP Snooping

                            The following example shows how to enable DHCP snooping on two VLANs, with Option 82 support enabled and Ethernet interface 2/5 trusted because the DHCP server is connected to that interface:

                            feature dhcp 
ip dhcp snooping 
ip dhcp snooping info option

interface Ethernet 2/5
  ip dhcp snooping trust 
ip dhcp snooping vlan 1 
ip dhcp snooping vlan 50