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Cisco GPRS Gateway Support Node Service Manager

Release Notes for Gateway GPRS Support Node Service Manager 4.0

Table Of Contents

Release Notes for the GGSN Service Manager Release 4.0

Contents

Introduction

Product Documentation

Related Documentation

Additional Information Online

Supported Devices

Installation Notes

Installing the GGSN SM

Backing Up and Restoring Files

Uninstalling the GGSN SM

Prerequisites

Important Notes

Open Caveats

Documentation Changes

Errors

Changes

Service and Support

Cisco Technical Support Website

Submitting a Service Request

Definitions of Service Request Severity

Obtaining Documentation

Cisco.com

Documentation DVD

Ordering Documentation

Documentation Feedback

Cisco Product Security Overview

Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products

Obtaining Technical Assistance

Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website

Submitting a Service Request

Definitions of Service Request Severity

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information


Release Notes for the GGSN Service Manager Release 4.0


78-16989-01

6/15/2005

These Release Notes contain important information about the Gateway GPRS Support Node Service Manager (GGSN SM), Release 4.0. The GGSN SM is a tool for managing the configuration of the Cisco Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN).

Contents

This document covers the following topics:

Introduction

Product Documentation

Related Documentation

Additional Information Online

Supported Devices

Installation Notes

Prerequisites

Important Notes

Open Caveats

Documentation Changes

Service and Support

Obtaining Documentation

Documentation Feedback

Cisco Product Security Overview

Obtaining Technical Assistance

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

Introduction

The Cisco GGSN Service Manager (GGSN SM) is an application that provides an easy and intuitive way to provision service activation features on a Cisco Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) device. In addition to service activation provisioning, you can use the GGSN SM to view the configurations in the device and to troubleshoot them by viewing and responding to debugging messages.

The modules provided in this release of the GGSN SM are the:

Inventory Manager—Use this module to manage and display device group information.

The Service Manager—Use this module to work with device groups for service activation.

The Troubleshooting Engine—Use this module to troubleshoot GGSN devices.

The Gateway GPRS Support Node Service Manager User Guide provides complete information on these modules. See Product Documentation for information on accessing the electrnonic version of this document on the Cisco website.

The GGSN SM is part of the Mobile Wireless Exchange (MWC) for Cisco Mobile Exchange, a suite of element management applications that provide configuration and fault monitoring capabilities to mobile wireless operators. The MWC for Cisco Mobile Exchange applications complement the CiscoWorks LAN Management Solution (LMS) to provide end-to-end management of the Cisco Mobile Exchange.The LMS is prerequisite to MWC for Cisco Mobile Exchange.

The LMS includes:

Common Services 3.0 with CiscoView 6.1

Resource Manager Essentials (RME) 4.0 with RME 4.0.1 update

Campus Manager 4.0

Internet Performance Monitor (IPM) 2.6 (optional)

Please refer to the Release Notes for Mobile Wireless Center for Cisco Mobile Exchange Release 4.0 for information on MWC for Cisco Mobile Exchange and the LMS requirement.

Product Documentation


Note Cisco Systems sometimes updates the printed and electronic documentation after original publication. You should also review the documentation on Cisco.com for any updates.


Table 1 lists the product-specific documentation that is available.

Table 1 Product Documentation 

Document Title
Available Formats

Release Notes for Cisco Gateway GPRS Support Node Service Manager (this document)

On Cisco.com at: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6454/prod_release_note09186a008049123c.html

Available as hard copy in the software delivery kit

Gateway GPRS Support Node Service Manager User Guide

On Cisco.com at: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6454/products_user_guide_book09186a0080497417.html

Context-sensitive online help

Select an option from the navigation tree, then click Help.

Click the Help button in the dialog box.


Related Documentation


Note Cisco Systems sometimes updates the printed and electronic documentation after original publication. You should also review the documentation on Cisco.com for any updates.


Table 2 lists additional related documentation.

Table 2 Related Documentation 

Document Title
Description and Available Formats

Release Notes for Mobile Wireless Center for Cisco Mobile Exchange Release 4.0

On Cisco.com at:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6401/prod_release_note09186a0080490f51.html

The GGSN Configuration Guides

On Cisco.com:

For GGSN version 5.0, http://cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps5413/products_feature_guide_book09186a008027d8e5.html

For GGSN version 5.1, http://cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps5413/products_feature_guide_book09186a00803b817a.html

For GGSN version 5.2, http://cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/ps5413/products_feature_guide_book09186a00804236b2.html

The CiscoWorks LAN Management Solution documents

On Cisco.com at:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/cscowork/ps2425/tsd_products_support_series_home.html

User Guide for CiscoWorks Common Services 3.0

On Cisco.com at:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/cscowork/ps3996/products_user_guide_book09186a00801e8b82.html

Resource Manager Essentials documents

On Cisco.com at:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/cscowork/ps2073/tsd_products_support_series_home.html


Additional Information Online

Your application might support incremental device updates (IDUs). An IDU is a software package that enables an application to support new devices. An IDU might also contain bug fixes. You can download IDUs and their Readme files by logging into Cisco.com at http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/cw2000/lan-planner.shtml.

To determine which packages are installed on your CiscoWorks Server, choose Server Configuration > About the Server > Applications and Versions.

You can also obtain any published patches from the download site.

Supported Devices

The GGSN SM supports GGSN device versions 5.0, 5.1, and 5.2.

Table 3 displays the devices supported by the GGSN SM.

Table 3 Supported Device List 

Device
OS Version

GGSN 5.0

Device running on 7206 with NPE-400

GGSN 5.0

Device running on MWAM in 65xx/76xx with SUP2/MSFC2 running 12.2(17d)SXB

GGSN 5.0

Device running on MWAM in 65xx/76xx with SUP720 running 12.2(18)SXD

GGSN 5.1

Device running on MWAM in 65xx/76xx with SUP720 running 12.2(18)SXD.

GGSN 5.2

Device running on MWAM in 65xx/76xx with SUP720 running 12.3(11)YQ.


Installation Notes

The two installable units for the GGSN SM are:

CMX Core SM 4.0

CMX GGSN SM 4.0

Refer to the Release Notes for Mobile Wireless Center for Cisco Mobile Exchange Release 4.0 for information on installing the core. This section provides installation information on installing CMX GGSN SM 4.0.

Installing the GGSN SM

To install the GGSN SM:


Step 1 Install CMX Core SM 4.0. Refer to the Release Notes for Mobile Wireless Center for Cisco Mobile Exchange Release 4.0 for information on this procedure.

Step 2 Insert the GGSN-SM 4.0 CD.

Step 3 Enter the following command:

cd /cdrom/cmx_ggsn_sm4_0_sol/CMX-GGSN-SM4.0

Step 4 From the command line, run the setup script by entering the command:

./setup.sh


The system indicates successful installation with a status message.

Backing Up and Restoring Files

The GGSN SM includes functionality for backing up and restoring:

Device groups that you create

Batch files that you create

Sync Report files

Backing Up Files

To create a backup of these types of files:


Step 1 From the command line, run the following command:

/opt/CSCOpx/bin/perl /opt/CSCOpx/bin/backup.pl backup_directory


Restoring Files

To restore backed-up files:


Step 1 From the command line, run the following command:

/opt/CSCOpx/bin/perl /opt/CSCOpx/bin/restorebackup.pl -d backup_directory


Uninstalling the GGSN SM

To uninstall the GGSN SM:


Step 1 From the root directory, enter the command:

cd /opt/CSCOpx/bin

Step 2 From the command line, run the uninstall script by entering the command:

./uninstall.sh

The script prompts you with a list of software that is installed in the host machine.

Step 3 Select the choice that corresponds to the GGSN SM 4.0.

Step 4 Confirm the choice.


The system indicates successful uninstallation with a status message.

Prerequisites

Before attempting to configure a GGSN device by using the GGSN SM, be sure that you have met the mandatory prerequisites described inthis section. Optional but recommended prerequisites are described on Page 6.

For more information on any of these steps, see the GGSN Services Configuration Task List at /en/US/docs/ios/12_3/12_3x/12_3xu1/ggsn50/configuration/guide/ggsncfg.html#wp1020149.


Note The MWC for Cisco Mobile Exchange has additional prerequisites. Please refer to the Release Notes for Mobile Wireless Center for Cisco Mobile Exchange Release 4.0 for information on MWC for Cisco Mobile Exchange.


Mandatory Prerequisites

Before attempting to configure a GGSN device by using the GGSN SM:

Ensure that the IOS version of the Catalyst switch and the GGSN version match. The IOS releases that MWC for Cisco Mobile Exchange 4.0 supports are 12.2(17d)SXB5 and 12.2(18)SXD3. The supported GGSN versions are 5.0, 5.1, and 5.2.

Enable GGSN service on the device. Without this, the GGSN SM will not be able to identify the device as a Cisco GGSN device.

Configure GTP encapsulation on the IOS device under the virtual template. This action is required for a device to function as a GGSN device.

Enable SNMP to make it possible for the GGSN SM to check the version of the device.

Install CiscoWorks LMS Bundle 2.5 prior to installing the GGSN SM.

Add the GGSN device to be configured into the DCR and managed by the RME Inventory Manager.

Optional Prerequisites

The following configuration types would not be addressed by the GGSN SM, but may exist in the device.

All network preparation configurations on GGSN devices, such as configuring the required VLAN, VRFs, virtual templates, AAA server, RADIUS server, and interface configurations, should be complete.

All service preparation configurations, such as enabling GTP configurations, server farms, and charging-related configurations, should be complete.

Load balancing should be configured.

Important Notes

Please refer to the Release Notes for Mobile Wireless Center for Cisco Mobile Exchange Release 4.0 for information on MWC for Cisco Mobile Exchange.

Open Caveats

Table 4 gives the ID number, summary, description, and any available workarounds for open caveats in this release.


Note To obtain more information about known problems, access the Cisco Software Bug Toolkit at http://www.cisco.com/pcgi-bin/Support/Bugtool/home.pl. (You will be prompted to log into Cisco.com.)


Table 4 Known Problems in GGSN SM Release 4.0 

Bug ID
Summary
Explanation

CSCei05965

It is not possible to add commands to a batch file that has already been saved.

After creating a configlet, you create a batch file by clicking a button. When you click the button, the batch file contents appear. From this point, you then can save, download, clear, or close the batch file. If you save the batch file, the dialog closes. You cannot then add commands to this batch file. Subsequently, when you do a config and create a batch file, the contents from the previous batch file are not shown.

Workaround: Keep the add-to-batch dialog open when adding multiple configs. That is, do not save the batch file before you finish adding configs. If you do save it, you cannot edit it later by using the GUI. However, you can edit it via the backend. If you close the dialog, all entries are lost.

CSCei05994

Clearing configs from a batch file after closing the file is not handled consistently.

The GGSN SM may not clear the configs from the batch mode after closing the batch file if you clear without saving, although it appears to clear every time.

Workaround: Leave the batch mode file open to add multiple configs. Use the Clear button only when you retain configs.

CSCei06930

During the 30 seconds after a job finished, you cannot submit new jobs.

The configurable 30-second job status bar blocks the start of a new job. The GGSN SM drops all new jobs submitted during that window.

Workaround: Wait for 30 seconds after downloading a job to download another job on the same group or device.

CSCin93270

Config viewer does not display the charging profile configuration commands when no subcommands are configured in the device.

Workaround: None.

CSCin93393

Commands out of order in user documentation.

In the online help on "Configuring a Device for Debugging," and on page 6-4 of the Gateway GPRS Support Node Service Manager User Guide, the commands for sending log messages to the LMS server and the command for configuring the device to set the log level to debug have been interchanged. See Documentation Changes for details.

CSCin93440

Javascript error occurs when you click the Clear Counters on Device or Refresh button.

A Javascript error message appears when you click Clear Counters on Device or Refresh from the Show Command output screen.

Workaround: Click OK in the Javascript window, then click Refresh or Clear counters on Device again. Javascript functionlity continues as expected.


Documentation Changes

This section provides information on changes to user documentation.

Errors

Command Order in Configuring a Device for Debugging

In the online help on "Configuring a Device for Debugging," and on page 6-4 of the Gateway GPRS Support Node Service Manager User Guide, the the commands for sending log messages to the LMS server and the command for configuring the device to set the log level to debug were reversed.

These steps currently read:

Step 2 Configure the device to send the logs to the GGSN SM server by using the command:

logging trap debug

Step 3 Configure the device to set the logging level to "debug" by using the command:

logging GGSN-SM-IP-Address

They should read:

Step 2 Configure the device to send the logs to the GGSN SM server by using the command:

logging GGSN-SM-IP-Address

Step 3 Configure the device to set the logging level to "debug" by using the command:

logging trap debug

Navigation Path for Charging Profile

In the online help on "Working With Charging Profiles," and on page 5-24 of the Gateway GPRS Support Node Service Manager User Guide, the path is incorrect. The path given is Service Activation > GGSN Mode > Charging Profile. It should be Service Activation > Charging Profile.

Also, Table 5-11, which describes the fields inthe Charging Profile List, mentions a field named GGSN Version. The Charging Profile List does not contain this field.

Changes

Notes on pages 3-58 and 7-58 of the Gateway GPRS Support Node Service Manager User Guide include the backslash (\), but problems with that individual character have been resolved.

Service and Support

For all customers, partners, resellers, and distributors who hold valid Cisco service contracts, Cisco Technical Support provides 24-hour-a-day, award-winning technical assistance. The Cisco Technical Support Website on Cisco.com features extensive online support resources. In addition, the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) engineers provide telephone support. If you do not hold a valid Cisco service contract, contact your reseller.

Cisco Technical Support Website

The Cisco Technical Support Website provides online documents and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. The website is available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, at:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

Access to all tools on the Cisco Technical Support Website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. If you have a valid service contract, but do not have a user ID or password, you can register at:

http://tools.cisco.com/RPF/register/register.do


Note Use the Cisco Product Identification (CPI) tool to locate your product serial number before you submit a web or telephone request for service. To access the CPI tool from the Cisco Technical Support website, click the Tools & Resources link under Documentation & Tools. Choose Cisco Product Identification Tool from the Alphabetical Index drop-down list, or click the Cisco Product Identification Tool under Alerts & RMAs. The CPI tool offers three search options: by product ID or model name; by tree view; or for certain products, by copying and pasting show command output. Search results show an illustration of your product with the serial number label location highlighted. Locate the serial number label on your product and record the information before you place a service call.


Submitting a Service Request

Using the online TAC Service Request Tool is the fastest way to open S3 and S4 service requests. (S3 and S4 service requests are those in which your network is minimally impaired or for which you require product information.) After you describe your situation, the TAC Service Request Tool provides recommended solutions. If your issue is not resolved by using the recommended resources, your service request is assigned to a Cisco TAC engineer. The TAC Service Request Tool is located at:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/servicerequest

For S1 or S2 service requests or if you do not have Internet access, contact the Cisco TAC by telephone. (S1 or S2 service requests are those in which your production network is down or severely degraded.) Cisco TAC engineers are assigned immediately to S1 and S2 service requests to help keep your business operations running smoothly.

To open a service request by telephone, call one of these numbers:

Asia-Pacific: +61 2 8446 7411 (Australia: 1 800 805 227)
EMEA: +32 2 704 55 55
USA: 1 800 553-2447

For a complete list of Cisco TAC contacts, go to:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/contacts

Definitions of Service Request Severity

To ensure that all service requests are reported in a standard format, Cisco has established these severity definitions.

Severity 1 (S1)—Your network is "down," or there is a critical impact to your business operations. You and Cisco will commit all necessary resources around the clock to resolve the situation.

Severity 2 (S2)—Operation of an existing network is severely degraded, or significant aspects of your business operation are negatively affected by inadequate performance of Cisco products. You and Cisco will commit full-time resources during normal business hours to resolve the situation.

Severity 3 (S3)—Operational performance of your network is impaired, but most business operations remain functional. You and Cisco will commit resources during normal business hours to restore service to satisfactory levels.

Severity 4 (S4)—You require information or assistance with Cisco product capabilities, installation, or configuration. There is little or no effect on your business operations.

Obtaining Documentation

Cisco documentation and additional literature are available on Cisco.com. Cisco also provides several ways to obtain technical assistance and other technical resources. The following sections explain how to obtain technical information from Cisco Systems.

Cisco.com

You can access the most current Cisco documentation at:

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/home/home.htm

You can access the Cisco website at:

http://www.cisco.com

You can access international Cisco websites at:

http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.shtml

Documentation DVD

Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in a Documentation DVD package, which may have shipped with your product. The Documentation DVD is updated regularly and may be more current than printed documentation. The Documentation DVD package is available as a single unit.

Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order a Cisco Documentation DVD from:

Cisco Ordering tool: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/ordering/

Cisco Marketplace: http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/

Ordering Documentation

You can find instructions for ordering documentation at:

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/es_inpck/pdi.htm

You can order Cisco documentation in these ways:

Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order Cisco product documentation from the Ordering tool:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/ordering/

Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order documentation through a local account representative by calling Cisco Systems Corporate Headquarters (California, USA) at 408 526-7208; or, elsewhere in North America, by calling 1 800 553-NETS (6387).

Documentation Feedback

You can send comments about technical documentation to bug-doc@cisco.com.

You can submit comments by using the response card (if present) behind the front cover of your document or by writing to the following address:

Cisco Systems
Attn: Customer Document Ordering
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134-9883

Cisco appreciates your comments.

Cisco Product Security Overview

Cisco provides a free online Security Vulnerability Policy portal at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.html

From this site, you can perform these tasks:

Report security vulnerabilities in Cisco products.

Obtain assistance with security incidents that involve Cisco products.

Register to receive security information from Cisco.

A current list of security advisories and notices for Cisco products is available at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt

If you prefer to see advisories and notices as they are updated in real time, you can access a Product Security Incident Response Team Really Simple Syndication (PSIRT RSS) feed from this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_psirt_rss_feed.html

Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products

Cisco is committed to delivering secure products. We test our products internally before we release them, and we strive to correct all vulnerabilities quickly. If you think that you might have identified a vulnerability in a Cisco product, contact PSIRT:

Emergencies — security-alert@cisco.com

An emergency is either a condition in which a system is under active attack or a condition for which a severe and urgent security vulnerability should be reported. All other conditions are considered nonemergencies.

Nonemergencies — psirt@cisco.com

In an emergency, you can also reach PSIRT by telephone:

1 877 228-7302

1 408 525-6532


Tip We encourage you to use Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) or a compatible product to encrypt any sensitive information that you send to Cisco. PSIRT can work from encrypted information that is compatible with PGP versions 2.x through 8.x.

Never use a revoked or an expired encryption key. The correct public key to use in your correspondence with PSIRT is the one linked in the Contact Summary section of the Security Vulnerability Policy page at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/products_security_vulnerability_policy.htm

The link on this page has the current PGP key ID in use.


Obtaining Technical Assistance

Cisco Technical Support provides 24-hour-a-day award-winning technical assistance. The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website on Cisco.com features extensive online support resources. In addition, if you have a valid Cisco service contract, Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) engineers provide telephone support. If you do not have a valid Cisco service contract, contact your reseller.

Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website

The Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website provides online documents and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. The website is available 24 hours a day, at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

Access to all tools on the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. If you have a valid service contract but do not have a user ID or password, you can register at this URL:

http://tools.cisco.com/RPF/register/register.do


Note Use the Cisco Product Identification (CPI) tool to locate your product serial number before submitting a web or phone request for service. You can access the CPI tool from the Cisco Technical Support & Documentation website by clicking the Tools & Resources link under Documentation & Tools. Choose Cisco Product Identification Tool from the Alphabetical Index drop-down list, or click the Cisco Product Identification Tool link under Alerts & RMAs. The CPI tool offers three search options: by product ID or model name; by tree view; or for certain products, by copying and pasting show command output. Search results show an illustration of your product with the serial number label location highlighted. Locate the serial number label on your product and record the information before placing a service call.


Submitting a Service Request

Using the online TAC Service Request Tool is the fastest way to open S3 and S4 service requests. (S3 and S4 service requests are those in which your network is minimally impaired or for which you require product information.) After you describe your situation, the TAC Service Request Tool provides recommended solutions. If your issue is not resolved using the recommended resources, your service request is assigned to a Cisco engineer. The TAC Service Request Tool is located at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/servicerequest

For S1 or S2 service requests or if you do not have Internet access, contact the Cisco TAC by telephone. (S1 or S2 service requests are those in which your production network is down or severely degraded.) Cisco engineers are assigned immediately to S1 and S2 service requests to help keep your business operations running smoothly.

To open a service request by telephone, use one of the following numbers:

Asia-Pacific: +61 2 8446 7411 (Australia: 1 800 805 227)
EMEA: +32 2 704 55 55
USA: 1 800 553-2447

For a complete list of Cisco TAC contacts, go to this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport/contacts

Definitions of Service Request Severity

To ensure that all service requests are reported in a standard format, Cisco has established severity definitions.

Severity 1 (S1)—Your network is "down," or there is a critical impact to your business operations. You and Cisco will commit all necessary resources around the clock to resolve the situation.

Severity 2 (S2)—Operation of an existing network is severely degraded, or significant aspects of your business operation are negatively affected by inadequate performance of Cisco products. You and Cisco will commit full-time resources during normal business hours to resolve the situation.

Severity 3 (S3)—Operational performance of your network is impaired, but most business operations remain functional. You and Cisco will commit resources during normal business hours to restore service to satisfactory levels.

Severity 4 (S4)—You require information or assistance with Cisco product capabilities, installation, or configuration. There is little or no effect on your business operations.

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

Information about Cisco products, technologies, and network solutions is available from various online and printed sources.

Cisco Marketplace provides a variety of Cisco books, reference guides, documentation, and logo merchandise. Visit Cisco Marketplace, the company store, at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/

Cisco Press publishes a wide range of general networking, training and certification titles. Both new and experienced users will benefit from these publications. For current Cisco Press titles and other information, go to Cisco Press at this URL:

http://www.ciscopress.com

Packet magazine is the Cisco Systems technical user magazine for maximizing Internet and networking investments. Each quarter, Packet delivers coverage of the latest industry trends, technology breakthroughs, and Cisco products and solutions, as well as network deployment and troubleshooting tips, configuration examples, customer case studies, certification and training information, and links to scores of in-depth online resources. You can access Packet magazine at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/packet

iQ Magazine is the quarterly publication from Cisco Systems designed to help growing companies learn how they can use technology to increase revenue, streamline their business, and expand services. The publication identifies the challenges facing these companies and the technologies to help solve them, using real-world case studies and business strategies to help readers make sound technology investment decisions. You can access iQ Magazine at:

http://www.cisco.com/go/iqmagazine

or view the digital edition at this URL:

http://ciscoiq.texterity.com/ciscoiq/sample/

Internet Protocol Journal is a quarterly journal published by Cisco Systems for engineering professionals involved in designing, developing, and operating public and private internets and intranets. You can access the Internet Protocol Journal at:

http://www.cisco.com/ipj

Networking products offered by Cisco Systems, as well as customer support services, can be obtained at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/index.html

Networking Professionals Connection is an interactive website for networking professionals to share questions, suggestions, and information about networking products and technologies with Cisco experts and other networking professionals. Join a discussion at:

http://www.cisco.com/discuss/networking

World-class networking training is available from Cisco. You can view current offerings at:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/learning/index.html