Table Of Contents
Understanding the IP Telephony Network Example
Configuring QoS for the Campus Site
Configuring QoS for the Remote Branch
Network Example Device Information
Lesson 3-1: Assigning Voice Policies Using the IP Telephony Wizard
Step 2: Selecting Devices for QoS Configuration
Step 3: Selecting the IP Phone Connections
Step 4: Selecting the SoftPhone Connection
Step 5: Selecting the CallManager Port
Step 6: Selecting the IntraLAN Connections
Step 7: Selecting the Voice VLAN Connections
Step 8: Selecting the Switch to WAN Router Connection
Step 9: Selecting the Router WAN to Switch Connection
Step 10: Selecting the WAN Frame Relay Connections
Lesson 3-2: Modifying the Voice Policies
Lesson 3-2-1: Enabling cRTP for the WAN-FR-Main-Interface Voice Policy
Lesson 3-2-2: Configuring the Gold Data Bandwidth for the WAN-FR-DLCI-Slow Voice Policy
Lesson 3-3: Deploying the IP Telephony QoS Policies
Lesson 3-4: Monitoring the Deployment Process
IP Telephony Network Tutorial
Real-time voice over IP (VoIP) traffic in a network is directly affected by packet loss, packet delay, and delay variation. In an enterprise environment, network congestion can occur at any time in any portion of the network campus, branch office, or WAN.
For successful deployment of IP telephony, you must ensure end-to-end network quality for voice traffic.
To ensure voice quality, you must use QoS in all areas of the enterprise network. To make a proper QoS configuration, you must first identify the points where QoS is a concern, then choose the appropriate QoS tools to use, and deploy to the devices in the network.
In this chapter, you will learn how to use the IP Telephony wizard to deploy QoS for VoIP over the Campus, WAN, and Branch Office segments of a network, using an example network scenario.
The tutorial describes the process of configuring QoS for VoIP traffic, from selecting the devices that are in the network example, through deployment to the network and monitoring the activity and status of a deployment job.
The IP Telephony wizard creates voice policies that contain the QoS properties and policies required at each relevant point in your IP telephony network.
The wizard determines the QoS features that can be configured in a voice policy according to voice policy templates which are based on the IP Telephony QoS guide. Each voice policy contains a "voice role" attribute, which specifies the role of the interface on the network, such as, IP phone and Switch to WAN Router.
Before You Begin
For the purpose of this tutorial, a file has been created containing the IP addresses and configuration details of the virtual devices that are in the IP telephony network configuration example.
By using these virtual devices, you can follow the lessons without affecting your network. You must import the devices before you begin working on this tutorial. See Lesson 1-2: Importing the Tutorial Virtual Devices, page 1-6.
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If you want to create policies and deploy them using actual devices that exist in your network, you must obtain the IP addresses of the appropriate devices.
The IP telephony network tutorial assumes that all the virtual devices in the IP telephony example network shown in Figure 3-1 have already been imported into your device inventory. Table 3-1 provides the network device information for these devices in the IP telephony network example.
This chapter includes the following sections:
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Understanding the IP Telephony Network Example
Figure 3-1 shows a typical network example for configuring QoS policies for IP telephony in an enterprise environment.
Figure 3-1 Configuring QoS for IP Telephony Network Example
Based on this network configuration example, the following topics describe:
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Configuring QoS for the Campus Site
The campus site includes a Cisco CallManager server, an IP phone, and a SoftPhone that are connected to a QoS-aware Layer 3 access switch (with PFC). An additional IP phone is connected to a Layer 2 access switch (without PFC).
The IP phone ports are configured to use an auxiliary voice VLAN on the switches. Both the access switches are connected to a Catalyst 6000 PFC Layer 3 distribution switch, running IOS version 12.1.
Voice data from the campus site enters the WAN from a Cisco 7200 router running IOS version 12.2.
In the campus site, you must configure QoS for IP telephony at the following network points, shown in Figure 3-1:
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Configuring QoS for the WAN
Because link speed in the WAN is much slower than in the LAN, QoS configuration for WAN links is needed to prevent delay.
In the WAN segment of a network, the interface connections could support Serial Point-To-Point configuration or Frame Relay configuration. In this tutorial, the interface connections in the WAN segment of your network support Frame Relay configuration.
In a Frame Relay WAN configuration, you must configure the following QoS features for IP telephony on the devices interfaces (network points 8 in Figure 3-1):
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Configuring QoS for the Remote Branch
The remote site includes an IP phone that is connected by means of a Layer 2 QoS-aware access switch to a Cisco 3600 router in the WAN.
You must configure QoS on the IP phone port (network point 1) and on the branch office router interface to the access switch (network point 9 in Figure 3-1).
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Network Example Device Information
Table 3-1 shows the technical details of the devices in the IP telephony network example in Figure 3-1.
These configuration details have already been imported into your device inventory so that you can follow these lessons. Interfaces that do not have QoS applied to them in the tutorial are not listed.
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Lesson 3-1: Assigning Voice Policies Using the IP Telephony Wizard
The IP Telephony wizard helps you define your IP telephony network topology, and automatically creates the voice policy that will include the QoS policies required at each network point (interface) where QoS is a concern.
All you need do is select the devices that are in your network topology, and the wizard will automatically assign the interfaces to the appropriate voice policy.
The steps of the wizard that you must follow for this lesson include:
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Before you Begin
To run the wizard, the following preconditions must be met:
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Using the IP Telephony Wizard
This topic will help you understand the main features of the IP Telephony wizard and how to use them.
Description
Each configuration step of the wizard includes a description of the QoS policies that will be configured on the interfaces for the selected voice role. You can view or hide this description by clicking the arrow button next to Description. By default, the description is hidden.
Advanced
The Advanced section of a configuration step page provides two buttons:
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Opens a page in which you can remove network elements that were assigned for a voice role.
This option allows you to change your selection of network elements after they have been assigned to voice policies. The wizard removes the assignment of selected elements from the voice policy.
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Activates the wizard to accept the recommended selection of network elements for the current voice role.This option is functional if QPM recommended rules are available for a specific voice role.
The network elements are selected but not assigned to voice policy. A list of the rules for the current voice role is displayed.
You can view or hide the Advanced section by clicking the arrow button next to Advanced. By default, this section is hidden.
Selection Table
In each configuration step, you select the network elements that require QoS configuration. The available network elements are presented in a table. You can hide this table by clicking the arrow button next to Selection Table. By default, the selection table is open.
By selecting the Display Configuration Info. check box in the first configuration step, you can choose to view assignment summary information after each configuration step.
The check box will remain selected in all the other steps. Similarly, you can deselect this check box in the first configuration step if you don't want to view the summary information. You can override the default selection at each step, if required.
Assignment Summary
As you work through the wizard, you can see a summary of the voice policies that were created for the current voice role, and the number of network elements that were assigned to them in the current configuration step. This summary page also includes detailed information about the network elements assignments.
Saving Your Assignments
You work through each step of the wizard by clicking the Next button in each page, or you can use the Navigation TOC that is displayed on the left side of each page to move directly to a particular step.
If you click Next to move to the next configuration step, or to select another step forward in the Navigation TOC, it saves the voice policies and the assignments that were made for that voice role, to the deployment group.
If you click Cancel, Back, or select another step backward in the Navigation TOC, it undoes any configuration changes you made in that step.
If you select the Display Configuration Info. check box, clicking Next opens the assignments summary page for that configuration step. The voice policies will be saved in the deployment group, but the assignment of interfaces to them will not be saved.
After reviewing your assignments summary and click Next in this page, it saves both the voice policy and the interface assignments. It also opens the next step of the wizard.
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Step 1: Introduction
The first step of the wizard includes an overview of why QoS configuration is necessary for VoIP networks, and how the wizard will guide you to configure QoS for IP telephony.
This step also displays the name of the policy group that is currently open, and will be used by the wizard for defining the IP telephony policies. If the displayed policy group is not the one you require, you can change it.
Step 1
The Introduction page of the wizard appears.
If the displayed policy group is not "Tutorial," select it from the policy group list box.
Figure 3-2 Lesson 3-1—Selecting a policy Group
Step 2
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Step 2: Selecting Devices for QoS Configuration
In this step of the wizard, you select the devices you want to configure for voice QoS. All the devices that you imported from your virtual devices file, that support IP telephony features (according to model and OS), are displayed in a table. By default, the wizard selects all the devices.
Devices that do not support IP telephony are not displayed. If required, you can see all the devices in your device group and whether they support QoS for voice, in the Voice Ready report.
If you opened the IP Telephony wizard before you imported your devices, no devices will be displayed. You should click Cancel to exit the wizard, and open the Import Devices wizard. See Lesson 1-2: Importing the Tutorial Virtual Devices, page 1-6.
The wizard will assign any selected devices that require global configuration to the appropriate voice policy with a Voice Device voice role.
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Figure 3-3 Lesson 3-1—Selecting IP Telephony Devices
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The wizard saves the assignment of the selected devices to the appropriate voice policies with a Voice Device voice role, and the next configuration step of the wizard appears.
After you have selected all the devices in your IP telephony network that require QoS configuration, you must define the connections for each voice role.
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Step 3: Selecting the IP Phone Connections
In this step of the wizard, you select the switch ports on which the wizard will configure the QoS settings for all your IP phone connections in the network (network points 1 in Figure 3-1).
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Figure 3-4 Lesson 3-1—Selecting IP Phone Connections
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The selected IP phone ports will be assigned to the appropriate voice policy with an IP Phone voice role. The wizard saves the assignment and the next configuration step of the wizard appears.
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Step 4: Selecting the SoftPhone Connection
This step allows you to select the switch port on which the wizard will configure the QoS settings for the SoftPhone connection in your network (network point 2 in Figure 3-1).
Step 1
Figure 3-5 Lesson 3-1—Selecting the SoftPhone Connection
Step 2
If the Display Configuration Info. check box is selected, the Configuration Info page appears. After reviewing the assignments summary, click Next or select CallManager in the Navigation TOC.
The selected SoftPhone port will be assigned to the appropriate voice policies with a SoftPhone voice role. The wizard saves the assignment and the next configuration step of the wizard appears.
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Step 5: Selecting the CallManager Port
This step allows you to select the switch port on which the wizard will configure the QoS settings for the CallManager connection in your network (network point 3 in Figure 3-1).
Step 1
Figure 3-6 Lesson 3-1—Selecting the CallManager Connection
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If the Display Configuration Info. check box is selected, the Configuration Info page appears. After reviewing the assignments summary, click Next or select IntraLAN in the Navigation TOC.
The selected CallManager port will be assigned to the appropriate voice policy with a CallManager voice role. The wizard saves the assignment and the next configuration step of the wizard appears.
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Step 6: Selecting the IntraLAN Connections
After configuring the QoS access interfaces, you must configure QoS throughout the LAN.
In this step, the wizard helps you define the appropriate QoS for the internal LAN ports—the uplinks and downlinks (network points 4, 5 and 6 in Figure 3-1).
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The correct QoS for LAN switches connection is to trust DSCP from Layer 3 devices and trust CoS from Layer 2 devices. The wizard will configure the QoS automatically according to the type of neighboring switch.
If there is no neighboring switch (or if the switch is of unknown type), QPM will configure trust CoS.
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Figure 3-7 Lesson 3-1—Selecting the IntraLAN Connections
Step 2
If the Display Configuration Info. check box is selected, the Configuration Info page appears. After reviewing the assignments summary, click Next or select Voice VLAN in the Navigation TOC.
The selected interfaces will be assigned to the appropriate voice policies with an IntraLAN voice role. The wizard saves the assignment and the next configuration step of the wizard appears.
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Step 7: Selecting the Voice VLAN Connections
Since the IP phone ports are configured to use an auxiliary voice VLAN on the switches, and the QoS style on the IP phone ports is set to VLAN-based, it is essential to configure the appropriate policies on the voice VLAN.
In this step, the wizard configures VLAN based QoS for the VLAN on which the IP phone ports and the Layer 2 switch to Layer 3 switch connections are configured.
Step 1
Figure 3-8 Lesson 3-1—Selecting the Voice VLAN Connections
Step 2
If the Display Configuration Info. check box is selected, the Configuration Info page appears. After reviewing the assignments summary, click Next or select Switch to WAN Router in the Navigation TOC.
The selected VLAN will be assigned to the appropriate voice policies with a Voice VLAN voice role. The wizard saves the assignment and the next configuration step of the wizard appears.
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Step 8: Selecting the Switch to WAN Router Connection
In this step, the wizard sets QoS for the Catalyst 6000 distribution switch interface to the Core-7200 WAN router (network point 7 in Figure 3-1).
Because traffic coming from the WAN side is already classified, the QoS configuration for the distribution switch interface to the router will be to trust the layer 3 DSCP bits.
Step 1
Figure 3-9 Lesson 3-1—Selecting the Switch to WAN Router Connection
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If the Display Configuration Info. check box is selected, the Configuration Info page appears. After reviewing the assignments summary, click Next or select Router WAN to Switch in the Navigation TOC.
The selected interface will be assigned to the appropriate voice policies with a Switch to WAN Router voice role. The wizard saves the assignment and the next configuration step of the wizard appears.
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Step 9: Selecting the Router WAN to Switch Connection
In this step, the wizard sets QoS for the router connection to the Catalyst 3500 access (layer 2 QoS aware) switch in the branch office (network point 9 in Figure 3-1).
By default, a router trusts the interface to a distribution (layer 3 QoS aware) switch, so there is no need to set QoS for the router connection to the Catalyst 6000 distribution switch in the campus.
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Figure 3-10 Lesson 3-1—Selecting the Router WAN to Switch Connection
Step 2
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The selected interfaces will be assigned to the appropriate voice policies with a Router WAN to Switch voice role. The wizard saves the assignment and the next step that you must configure in the wizard will open.
Since the IP telephony network example is configured with Frame Relay and does not support Serial Point-to-Point configuration, you will skip the WAN Point-to-Point Connections configuration step.
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Step 10: Selecting the WAN Frame Relay Connections
In this step of the wizard, you select the Frame Relay DLCI's WAN links (network points 8 in Figure 3-1). When you assign a role to a DLCI, the role will also be assigned to the main interface to which the DLCI belongs. QPM configures both the DLCIs and the interfaces.
You must select all the Frame Relay interfaces (from both the central and the remote sites) that carry voice traffic. The wizard will automatically configure QoS separately for groups of interfaces, according to their link speed.
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Figure 3-11 Lesson 3-1—Selecting the Frame Relay WAN Links
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The selected interfaces will be assigned to the appropriate voice policies with a WAN Frame Relay voice role. The wizard saves the assignment and the final step of the wizard appears.
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Step 11: End
The final step of the wizard informs you that all the QoS settings have been completed and that the wizard has added and saved the policies in your policy group.
From this page, you can go directly to the Policywizard to deploy the policy group, or to the Policy page to view a detailed summary of all the voice policies that you created in the wizard.
From the Policy Table page, you can modify the properties and policies configured in the voice policies .
For the purpose of this tutorial, you should go to the Policy Table page and follow the next lesson, which describes how to modify one of the voice policies that you created in this lesson.
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The Policy Table page appears.
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Lesson 3-2: Modifying the Voice Policies
QPM allows you to customize policies to suit specific network configurations by modifying the voice policies. After you have completed the IP Telephony wizard, you can modify properties and policies of the voice policies created by the wizard.
QPM allows you to modify any of the properties and traffic rules of a voice policy, except for its device constraints. Changing the device constraints will cause the voice policy to lose its voice role. In this case, the IP Telephony wizard will be unable to assign network elements to the voice policy.
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In this lesson, you will learn how to modify the following WAN Frame Relay voice policies that were created in Step 10: Selecting the WAN Frame Relay Connections of the wizard:
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This voice policy is for a main Frame Relay interface that has DLCI interfaces for voice traffic. In this voice policy, IP RTP Header Compression (cRTP) is not configured on the Frame Relay links.
Although cRTP reduces the consumption of available bandwidth for voice traffic, resulting in a reduction in traffic delay, it utilizes a lot of CPU in routers, which might cause performance problems.
If CPU utilization is less than 75%, cRTP might be enabled. In this lesson, you will learn how to enable cRTP for this voice policy.
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This voice policy is for low speed Frame Relay interfaces. To ensure that important data traffic is not starved for bandwidth, you can create a traffic rule to define a minimum bandwidth for the data.
In this lesson, you will learn how to configure the percentage of bandwidth that should be reserved for the important, or "gold," data traffic.
Before You Begin
To do this lesson you should have completed Lesson 3-1: Assigning Voice Policies Using the IP Telephony Wizard.
After you have completed the IP Telephony wizard and you selected not to deploy your QoS policies, as described in Step 11: End, the Policy Table page automatically appears.
The Policy Table page displays all the voice policies that were created by the wizard. For each voice policy group, its associated voice role is displayed.
You can also open the Policy Groups page by selecting Provision > Policy Table.
This lesson is divided into the following two lessons:
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Lesson 3-2-1: Enabling cRTP for the WAN-FR-Main-Interface Voice Policy
By compressing the RTP header in an RTP data packet (cRTP), you can reduce the delay for voice traffic transmission. In this lesson, you will learn how to enable cRTP for the WAN-FR-Main-Interface voice policy.
Step 1
The General page appears, displaying general definitions for the selected policy.
Figure 3-12 Lesson 3-2-1—General Page for the WAN-FR-Main-Interface Policy
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This allows you to edit the policy.
Step 3
The QoS Properties page appears, where you can see that cRTP is not configured.
Figure 3-13 Lesson 3-2-1—QoS Properties Page for the WAN-FR-Main-Interface Policy
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The QoS Properties wizard—Congestion Management page appears.
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On the Traffic Control Settings page, you can see the traffic control parameters that were configured by the IP Telephony wizard for the WAN-FR-Main-Interface voice policy.
Select the Enable IP RTP Header Compression check box to enable cRTP.
Figure 3-14 Lesson 3-2-1—Traffic Control Settings for the WAN-FR-Main-Interface Policy
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The QoS Properties Wizard Summary page appears, in which you can view a summary of the QoS properties defined for the voice policy. The page shows that cRTP is now enabled for the policy.
Figure 3-15 Lesson 3-2-1—Summary Page for the WAN-FR-Main-Interface Policy
Step 7
The QoS Properties page appears, displaying the modified configuration. cRTP is now configured for this voice policy.
Step 8
The Policy Table page appears.
Continue with Lesson 3-2-2: Configuring the Gold Data Bandwidth for the WAN-FR-DLCI-Slow Voice Policy.
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Lesson 3-2-2: Configuring the Gold Data Bandwidth for the WAN-FR-DLCI-Slow Voice Policy
In this lesson, you will learn how to modify the WAN-FR-DLCI-Slow voice policy, by creating a QoS traffic rule that configures a minimum percentage of bandwidth on the interface that should be reserved for important, or "gold," data traffic.
You can create traffic rules in a policy, or in a policy template. This lesson describes how to modify the WAN-FR-DLCI-Slow policy template to create the QoS traffic rule. Changes made in the policy template will also apply to the attached voice policy —WAN-FR-DLCI-Slow.
A QoS policy contains a filter and actions, so you will need to define the filter for the policy, and then the policy actions. After it is created, the new QoS policy will be added to the outbound policies currently defined for the template.
Before You Begin
The policy created in this lesson assumes that important data traffic has already been classified. For a policy like this one to work in your network, you must create classification policies on end-point interfaces to correctly classify traffic from attached devices.
Step 1
The template name is in the third column, not the first column.
The General page for the policy template appears, displaying general definitions for the selected template.
Figure 3-16 Lesson 3-2-2—General Page for the WAN-FR-DLCI-Slow Policy Template
Step 2
The Out Traffic Rules page appears, displaying the current outbound policies defined for the template.
Figure 3-17 Lesson 3-2-2—Out Taraffic Rules Page for the WAN-FR-DLCI-Slow Policy Template
Step 3
The General page of the Out Traffic Rules wizard appears.
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Figure 3-18 Lesson 3-2-2—Out Traffic Rules Wizard - General Page
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The Service Editor dialog box opens.
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This is the DSCP value of the packet. Click OK to select the value and return to the Rule Settings page.
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The Out Traffic Rule Wizard - Filter page reappears, displaying the filter rule you have defined.
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After you are finished, the Filter Page should look as shown in Figure 3-19.
Figure 3-19 Lesson 3-2-2—Out Traffic Rules Wizard - Filter Page
Step 7
The Out Traffic Rules Wizard - Actions page for Marking appears.
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Queuing actions manage congestion for outbound traffic.
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Figure 3-20 Lesson 3-2-2—Out Traffic Rules Wizard - Queuing Actions Page
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The Summary page appears, where you can read a summary of the traffic rule you just defined.
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Figure 3-21 Lesson 3-2-2—Out Traffic Rules Page with New Policy
When you define a traffic rule, it is automatically added to the end of the list of traffic rules already defined for the policy. Because traffic rules on an interface are executed top-down according to the list displayed in the table, they should appear in order of importance to ensure they get the required priority.
In Figure 3-21, the Class Default traffic rule precedes your new QoS traffic rule . Because this traffic rule is applied to all traffic that does not match any of the filters, you must reorder the traffic rules so that it appears last in the list.
Otherwise, no traffic will match your new traffic rules, even if the traffic has the required DSCP values.
Step 11
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The dialog box closes, and the Out Traffic Rules page reappears displaying the new order.
Figure 3-22 Lesson 3-2-2—Out Traffic Rules Page with New Policy Reordered
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The Out Traffic Rules page appears, displaying the newly defined QoS policy in the list with all the outbound policies for the WAN-FR-DLCI-Slow voice policy.
Continue with Lesson 3-3: Deploying the IP Telephony QoS Policies.
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Lesson 3-3: Deploying the IP Telephony QoS Policies
This lesson describes how to deploy the QoS policies that were saved in your policy group to the devices in the network, where they will be implemented.
Although you can follow all the steps in this lesson, the actual deployment of the "Tutorial" policy group will fail, since you cannot deploy to virtual devices in the network. However, if you are using real devices in your IP telephony network, you should be able to deploy your QoS policies to your devices successfully.
To distribute your QoS policies to your physical network devices, QPM translates your policies into device commands and enters the commands through the device's command line interface (CLI).
You can choose whether or not to deploy your QoS configurations directly to the network devices using Telnet. QPM automatically deploys your QoS configurations to configuration files.
This procedure does not configure your devices but generates configuration files that can be sent manually to the devices. QoS configurations can be deployed to the device using any application that downloads configuration files to the devices.
Before You Begin
To do this lesson you should have completed Lesson 3-1: Assigning Voice Policies Using the IP Telephony Wizard.
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The first step of the Deployment wizard appears—Job Details page
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If required, you can enter a description for the job in the Job Description box.
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If you select the Run at (Server Time) option, you should select the date, and enter the time.
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This page displays a list of all the devices that are available for deployment. In this step of the wizard, you select the devices you want to deploy to. You can also preview your device configurations prior to deployment.
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This page displays a summary of the data collected through the wizard for you to verify.If required, you can enter a description for the job in the Job Description box.
Step 10
The Active Jobs page appears, enabling you to monitor the deployment process, as described in the next lesson.
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Lesson 3-4: Monitoring the Deployment Process
QPM allows you to monitor the deployment process, by viewing the activity and status of your deployment job, in real-time. The Active Jobs page provides a dynamic view of all the currently active deployments and their status.
For each job, the start time of configuration for each job, the job's status, and a summary of the number of devices deployed according to their status, is displayed.
The status of a job deployment or a device deployment may be Pending, In Progress, Completed, or Failed. A job deployment may also have the status of Aborted or Paused.
For your deployment job to be "Completed", all the devices must be successfully configured. If the deployment of one device fails, the entire deployment fails.
Before You Begin
To do this lesson you should have completed Lessons 3-1 and 3-3.
Step 1
The Active Jobs page appears, displaying your current deployment job and its status.
The display is automatically refreshed every ten seconds. You can refresh manually by clicking the Refresh button.
Step 2
During the deployment process, a status of In Progress will be displayed for your job. The status will change to Failed, since the devices in your network are virtual and you cannot deploy to virtual devices in a network.
If you are using real devices in your network, the status should change to Completed, indicating that your deployment job was completed successfully.
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