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User Guide for Device Fault Manager 2.0.6 (With LMS 2.6)
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Open Source License Acknowledgements
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Preface
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Introduction
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Getting Started with DFM
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Using the Alerts and Activities Display
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Using Device Management
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Using Notification Services
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Using Fault History
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Configuring and Administering DFM (Basic)
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Managing Groups
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Configuring Views for the Alerts and Activities Display
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Configuring Polling and Thresholds
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Administering DFM (Advanced)
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MIBs Polled
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Processed and Pass-Through Traps, and Unidentified Traps and Events
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Notification MIB
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Events Processed
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Polling-SNMP and ICMP
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How DFM Calculates Repeated Restarts and Flapping
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CiscoWorks Navigation Changes
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Index
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Table Of Contents
Configuring Polling and Thresholds
Overview of Polling and Thresholds
Which Settings Are Applied to Devices, Ports, and Interfaces?
Which Polling Settings Are Applied?
Which Threshold Settings Are Applied?
How Does DFM Prioritize Groups for Polling and Thresholds?
Viewing the Overriding Group—Examples
How Can I Set Parameters for a Device, Interface, or Port?
Updating Polling Parameters and Thresholds
Understanding What Happens When You Apply Changes
Restoring Factory Setting Polling Parameters
Restoring Factory Settings for Thresholds
Threshold Categories for Devices, Interfaces, and Ports
Dial-On-Demand Interface Support
Generic Interface/Port Performance
Threshold Parameter Values and Events
Configuring Polling and Thresholds
These topics describe the process for configuring polling settings and threshold values for Device Fault Manager (DFM):
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Overview of Polling and Thresholds
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Overview of Polling and Thresholds
Managing Groups, page 8-1, described how Group Administration organizes devices, device interfaces, and device ports into different groups. The Common Services system-defined groups include groups such as Broadband Cable, Routers, Switches and Hubs, and so forth. These groups have specific polling and threshold settings, while the Broadband Cable device type has different polling and threshold settings. Because a device can belong to multiple groups, the devices use the polling and threshold settings of the overriding group.
The DFM Polling and Threshold function creates its own corresponding groups based on Common Services and DFM groups:
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When group objects are polled and any object's data shows that threshold values have been exceeded, or values have fallen below acceptable levels, DFM generates the appropriate events.
DFM is configured with factory settings (or defaults) for polling parameters and threshold values. You can use the factory settings, modify them, and restore them to factory settings at any time.
In many cases, it may be acceptable to use the factory settings for polling parameters. However, depending on how important a device group is, you can increase or decrease the polling interval to accomplish either of the following objectives:
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In addition, you can enhance the performance and utilization of devices by adjusting thresholds, taking into account the following information:
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Which Settings Are Applied to Devices, Ports, and Interfaces?
Every device, device port, and device interface belongs to at least one system-defined group; in fact, they can belong to several. When a device belongs to several groups, DFM uses the settings of the overriding group. The overriding group is the highest priority device group to which the device belongs. These topics provide more information on priorities:
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Which Polling Settings Are Applied?
You can set and apply polling parameters to device groups (not for individual devices). When a device is polled, its ports and interfaces are also polled; therefore, port and interface polling is controlled at the device level.
Every device belongs to at least one system-defined device group. See Working with System Defined Groups, page 8-3, for information about how devices are assigned to system-defined groups. If a device belongs to more than one group, DFM uses the polling settings of the overriding group (with the highest priority, as described in Setting Priorities).
Which Threshold Settings Are Applied?
You can set and apply threshold parameters to device, interface, and port groups. When a device is polled, DFM compares the new data against the threshold settings. If a threshold value has been exceeded, or a value has fallen below acceptable levels, DFM generates the appropriate event.
If a device, port, or interface belongs to more than one group, DFM uses the threshold settings of the overriding group (the group you determine to have the highest priority, as described in Viewing the Overriding Group—Examples).
What Are Customizable Groups?
Customizable groups are the only user-defined groups for which you can set polling and threshold parameters. They are provided so you can create groups that fit your needs. DFM provides 28 customizable groups, which are divided into four categories:
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Table 10-1 lists the seven customizable groups that appear in each of the four categories.
You configure a customizable group to have the highest priority. To do so, see Setting Priorities. You must add devices to the customizable groups before you can set polling parameters or threshold values for them. To do so, see Working with Customizable Groups, page 8-5.
Setting Priorities
System-defined groups have a higher priority than customizable groups, but you can change the priorities as needed. This is helpful, for example, when you configure specific customizable groups of interest and want to give them the highest priority. For information on how to view the overriding group for devices, ports and interfaces, refer to Viewing the Overriding Group—Examples.
Step 1
Step 2
Note
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Step 3
a.
b.
Step 4
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How Does DFM Prioritize Groups for Polling and Thresholds?
Because devices, ports, and interfaces can belong to multiple groups, DFM uses the highest priority group to which the device belongs to determine which polling and threshold parameters to use. DFM prioritizes groups as shown in the following tables, with groups in descending order of priority:
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Note
Table 10-4 Device Groups Priorities for Polling and Thresholds
System Defined Groups
None
Security and VPN
Polling and thresholds
Content Networking
Polling and thresholds
Voice and Telephony
Polling and thresholds
Wireless
Polling and thresholds
Universal Gateways and Access Servers
Polling and thresholds
Broadband Cable
Polling and thresholds
Routers
Polling and thresholds
Storage Networking
Polling and thresholds
Optical Networking
Polling and thresholds
Switches and Hubs
Polling and thresholds
DSL and Long Reach Ethernet (LRE)
Polling and thresholds
Cisco Interfaces and Modules
Polling and thresholds
Network Management
Polling and thresholds
User Defined Groups
None
Customizable Groups
None
Customizable Group A
Polling and thresholds
Customizable Group B
Customizable Group C
Customizable Group 1
Polling and thresholds
Customizable Group 2
Customizable Group 3
Customizable Group 4
1 A device can have different overriding polling and threshold groups.
For additional information, see the following topics:
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Viewing the Overriding Group—Examples
The Polling Parameter Summary and Threshold Parameter Summary pages provide information on the overriding groups for all devices in a specific group. Locating the overriding group for a port or interface is a bit more complex, as described in the following procedures.
Viewing the Overriding Polling or Threshold Group for a Device
Use the summary page to identify a device's overriding group.
Step 1
Step 2
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Note
Step 3
Viewing the Overriding Polling Group for a Port or Interface
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
For example, if you think an interface is in the 10MB-100MB Ethernet interface group, you would select Managing Thresholds, choose that group, click View, and Figure 10-1 would open.
Figure 10-1 Viewing the 10MB-100MB Ethernet Interface Group—Step 1 (of 2)
Step 4
Figure 10-2 Viewing the 10MB-100MB Ethernet Interface Group —Step 2 (of 2)
Step 5
If the interface or port does not appear, repeat this process for all of the customizable groups until you locate the port or interface.
How Can I Set Parameters for a Device, Interface, or Port?
There are several ways in which you can control the parameters for a device, interface, or port. Polling and thresholds are always applied on a group level, not on a specific device, port, or interface level.
Note
Note
To configure polling and threshold settings for a device:
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To configure polling on interfaces and ports:
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To configure thresholds on interfaces and ports:
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For additional information, see the following topics:
Updating Polling Parameters and Thresholds
This topic explains how to update polling parameters and thresholds and provides links to the related procedures.
DFM is preconfigured with factory settings for polling parameters and thresholds for each system-defined group of devices. You can make the following changes:
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The following describes the basic process for updating polling parameters and thresholds.
Step 1
If you are working with a customizable group, you may need to attend to the following tasks first:
a.
b.
Editing and Creating Groups, page 8-8
Step 2
Change polling parameters for a device group (either a Common Services system-defined group, or DFM customizable device group).
Step 3
Change threshold parameters for any device, interface, or port group.
Step 4
When you are done with all changes, if possible, select a time of low activity on the network to update the IP fabric with these changes. The new values will not be used until you apply your changes.
Selecting Groups
The first thing you must do when you use polling and threshold options is select a group. If you want to view parameters, you can select any group as shown in Figure 10-4. . If you want to edit parameters or restore them to factory settings, you must select a group for which parameters exist.
Figure 10-3 Polling Parameters: Select Device Group Page
Table 10-5 lists groups in the order in which they are displayed in the group selector and notes whether applicable parameters exist for the group. The group selector you see may not display all of the device groups listed in Table 10-5:
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For additional information, see the following topics:
Managing Polling Parameters
After you select Configuration > Polling and Thresholds > Polling Parameters, you can perform any of the following tasks:
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You can adjust polling parameters on devices only; port and interface polling is controlled at the device level. Therefore, you can adjust polling for these devices and groups:
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Viewing Polling Parameters
When you view polling parameters, you can see the devices that are members of the device group, and you can see the factory setting as well as current values for the polling parameters. Devices belonging to multiple groups use the polling settings of the overriding group. Interface and port polling is controlled at the device level; in other words, switches have a specific polling setting, and that setting determines when the switch ports are polled.
Note
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Device Name
IP address or DNS name of a device.
Device Type
Device function.
Polling Parameters
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Note
Step 4
For additional information, see the following topics:
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Editing Polling Parameters
When you edit polling parameters, you edit settings that are associated with device groups, not with individual devices.
Step 1
Step 2
Figure 10-4 View Properties: Edit Page
Step 3
Step 4
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New Interval
Enter the number of seconds between successive polls for the setting.
Maximum value: 3600
Minimum value: 30
Increment: 1
See Device Polling Settings for the minimum interval for each polling setting.
New Timeout
Enter the number of milliseconds allowed for a poll request before it times out.
Minimum value: 10
Maximum value: 60,000
Increment: 1
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New Retry
Enter the number of times to retry a failed poll request.
Minimum value: 0
Maximum value: 10
Increment: 1
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Default
To reset the values for the setting to the factory settings, select this check box.
Note
To view factory settings, see Viewing Polling Parameters.
Enabled
To disable polling for this setting, deselect this check box. To enable polling, select it.
Note
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Step 5
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Note
For additional information, see the following topics:
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Understanding What Happens When You Apply Changes
After adjusting polling and threshold settings, select Configuration > Polling and Thresholds > Apply Changes to have DFM start using your changes. The following explains the difference between saving your changes and applying your changes.
When you save changes, DFM performs the following tasks:
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When you apply changes, DFM performs the following tasks:
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You must also apply changes after resuming a device, so that DFM will begin polling the device depending on the appropriate settings.
Restoring Factory Setting Polling Parameters
You can restore all parameter settings for a device group to factory settings using this procedure. If, instead, you want to restore only a few settings, see Editing Polling Parameters.
Before You Begin
To review the factory settings for polling parameters before you apply them, view the Polling Parameter Summary for the device group. See Viewing Polling Parameters. Current settings, along with the factory settings, are displayed.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
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Device Polling Settings
Table 10-6 lists the polling settings that are applicable to each device group (or type), along with the minimum and maximum polling interval for each setting.
Note
Managing Thresholds
When you select the Managing Thresholds application from the DFM navigation tree, you can perform any of the following tasks:
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You can manage thresholds for these devices and groups:
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Viewing Thresholds
You can view the thresholds that are associated with device groups, trunk port groups, access port groups, and interface groups. Because the numbers of ports and interfaces can be very large, the Threshold Parameter Summary page provides a link through which you can launch a separate page that lists all the ports and interface members of the group. If desired, you can save a comma separated value (CSV) version of the port or interface summary.
Note
Step 1
Step 2
Figure 10-5 Managing Thresholds: Select Device Group Page
Step 3
Step 4
For additional information, see the following topics:
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Editing Thresholds
When you edit thresholds, you edit values that are associated with groups, not with individual devices, ports, or interfaces. For ports and interfaces, you can activate or deactivate an entire group of threshold settings (for example, if you want to disable Reachability Settings for an entire interface group).
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
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Optional Settings
Threshold settings groups that are not currently enabled.
Active Settings
Threshold settings groups that are currently enabled.
Use the Add or Remove button to select the settings group you want to enable or disable.
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Step 5
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Note
For additional information, see the following topics:
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Restoring Factory Settings for Thresholds
You can use this procedure to reset all thresholds for a device group, and you can reset all categories of thresholds to use factory settings.
Before You Begin
To review factory settings for thresholds before you apply them, view the thresholds for the device group. See Viewing Thresholds. Current values are displayed along with the factory settings.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Note
For additional information, see the following topics:
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Threshold Categories for Devices, Interfaces, and Ports
Table 10-7 lists the threshold categories for each device group. For the parameters that you can set for each threshold category, see Threshold Definitions, or Threshold Parameter Values and Events.
Table 10-7 System-Defined Groups and Applicable Threshold Groups
Broadband Cable
Cisco Interfaces and Modules
Content Networking
DSL &LREs
Optical Networking
Routers
Security and VPN
Storage Networking
Switches and Hubs
Universal Gateways and Access Servers
Voice and Telephony
Wireless
(Controlled by Common Services Group Administration)
Reachability
Processor and Memory
Environment
Network Management
Reachability
1 GB Ethernet
MaxSpeed = "1000000000"
Type contains "ETHER" or "CSMACD"Generic interface/port performance
Backup interface support
Dial-On-Demand interface support
Interface/port flapping
10/100MB Ethernet
Type contains "ETHER" or "CSMACD"
ATM
Type contains "ATM"
Token Ring
Type contains "TOKEN"
ISDN physical interface
InterfaceCode contains "ISDNDPHYSICAL"
ISDN B channel
InterfaceCode contains "ISDNBCHANNEL"
ISDN D channel
InterfaceCode contains "ISDNDCHANNEL"
Serial
Type contains "Serial" or "FrameRelay"
FDDI
Type contains "FDDI"
Backup1
Type contains "ISDN"
Dial-On-Demand1
Type contains "PPP" or "SLIP"
Others
None
1 GB Ethernet
MaxSpeed = "1000000000"
Type contains "ETHER" or "CSMACD"Generic interface/port performance
Interface/port flapping
10/100MB Ethernet
Type contains "ETHER" or "CSMACD"
ATM
Type contains "ATM"
Others
None
1 GB Ethernet
MaxSpeed = "1000000000"
Type contains "ETHER" or "CSMACD"Generic interface/port performance
Interface/port flapping
10/100MB Ethernet
Type contains "ETHER" or "CSMACD"
ATM
Type contains "ATM"
Others
None
1 Dial-On-Demand and Backup interface settings are related. If one interface type is set to active and you change the other interface type from optional to active, the first interface type will be changed to from active to optional.
For additional information, see the following topic:
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Threshold Definitions
When you manage thresholds, you must select a device group and a threshold category. Threshold categories contain groups of parameters or thresholds that apply to that category. For the threshold parameters that you can set for each category, see Table 10-8.
Backup Interface Support
The Backup Interface Support threshold configures an interface as a backup. When an interface is identified as a backup:
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Maximum uptime
The maximum length of time, in seconds, that the interface may be up before the ExceededMaximumUptime event is generated. If the value of this parameter is 0, the ExceededMaximumUptime event is disabled.
Dial-On-Demand Interface Support
The Dial-On-Demand Interface Support threshold identifies an interface as dial-on-demand. In this case:
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Maximum uptime
The maximum length of time that the interface may be up before the ExceededMaximumUptime event is generated. If the value of this parameter is 0, the ExceededMaximumUptime event is disabled.
Environment
The Environment threshold controls the monitoring of the system's environment.
Relative temperature threshold
Indicates how close the current temperature value can be to the value that triggers an emergency shutdown, expressed as a percentage of the emergency shutdown value. For example, if the shutdown temperature is 50° C and the Relative temperature threshold is 10%, the OutofRange event occurs if the temperature exceeds 45° C.
Relative voltage threshold
Indicates how close the current voltage value can be to the value that triggers an emergency shutdown, expressed as a percentage of the emergency shutdown value. For example, if the shutdown value is +30V and the Relative voltage threshold is 10%, the OutofRange event occurs if the voltage exceeds +27V.
Generic Interface/Port Performance
The Generic Interface/Port Performance thresholds configure the monitoring of a non-Ethernet network adapter's performance characteristics. The categories include basic parameters—such as utilization, errors, broadcast, and packet drops—common to all media types.
Broadcast threshold
The upper threshold for broadcast traffic, expressed as a percentage of the total bandwidth.
Collision threshold
The upper threshold for collisions, expressed as a percentage of the total number of output packets. This threshold applies only to Ethernet settings for ports, trunks, and interfaces.
Discard threshold
The upper threshold for dropped packets, expressed as a percentage of the total number of packets.
Error threshold
The upper threshold for packet errors, expressed as a percentage of the total number of packets. DFM generates the HighErrorRate event when both the Error threshold and Error traffic threshold are reached or exceeded.
Error traffic threshold
The upper threshold for packet rate, expressed as a percentage of the total bandwidth. DFM generates the HighErrorRate event when both the Error threshold and Error traffic threshold are reached or exceeded. The value for Error traffic threshold can include up to two decimal places.
Queue drop threshold
The acceptable percentage of packets dropped because of full queues, expressed as a percentage of the total number of packets.
Utilization threshold
The upper threshold for link utilization, expressed as a percentage of the total bandwidth.
DFM uses the DuplexMode special variable to specify duplexity (UNSPECIFIED, by default), and DuplexSource to track the duplexity setting source (NONE by default). (For information on the DuplexMode special variable, refer to Table 8-4 on page 8-15.) DFM uses the following algorithm to determine duplexity:
1.
a.
b.
2.
a.
b.
3.
a.
b.
4.
a.
b.
Interface/Port Flapping
The Interface/Port Flapping thresholds control the analysis of network adapters (ports and interfaces) that are continually going up and down, or flapping. Flapping analysis monitors SNMP link down traps to identify a flapping network adapter. DFM reports flapping as a fault condition. For more information, How DFM Calculates Repeated Restarts and Flapping, page F-1
Link trap threshold
The number of SNMP link down traps that must be received within the Link trap window for DFM to consider the interface or port flapping. A value of 0 disables flapping analysis.
Link trap window
The amount of time used to monitor flapping analysis of a port or interface. If the number of link down traps meets or exceeds the Link trap threshold during this window of time, the interface or port is considered to be flapping.
Processor and Memory
The Processor and Memory thresholds control the performance monitoring of a system's processor and its associated memory elements.
Backplane utilization threshold
The upper threshold for a switch's backplane utilization, expressed as a percentage of the total backplane bandwidth.
Free memory threshold
The lower threshold for the acceptable amount of free memory, as measured by the ratio of free memory to the total memory.
Memory buffer miss threshold
The upper threshold for the number of buffer misses, expressed as a percentage of the total number of buffer requests.
Memory buffer utilization threshold
The upper threshold for the number of buffers used, expressed as a percentage of the total number of buffers.
Memory fragmentation threshold
The lower threshold for memory fragmentation. The fragmentation value is the ratio of the largest number of contiguous unallocated bytes to the total amount of free memory. For example, a value of 5 indicates that the largest free buffer must be at least 5% of the free memory.
Processor utilization threshold
The upper threshold for processor utilization, expressed as a percentage of the total capacity of the processor.
Reachability
The Reachability thresholds configure the reachability parameters for network adapters (ports and interfaces). They also control the analysis of systems that repeatedly restart, triggering RepeatedRestarts and Flapping events. The following parameters are included in the Reachability Settings threshold category.
Restart trap threshold
The number of SNMP cold or warm start traps that must be received within the amount of time set by the Restart trap window parameter for DFM to consider a system to be performing excessive restarts. A value of 0 disables restart analysis. For more information, see How DFM Calculates Repeated Restarts and Flapping, page F-1
Note
Restart trap window
The amount of time used to monitor a system's repeated restarts. If the number of start traps meets or exceeds the Restart trap threshold during this window of time, the system is considered to be performing excessive restarts.
The minimum value is 30 seconds, and the maximum value is 3600 seconds.
Threshold Parameter Values and Events
Table 10-8 lists threshold categories, the threshold parameters in each category, minimum and maximum values for the threshold parameters, and the events that DFM generates when values pass the threshold.
Note
Table 10-8 Minimum and Maximum Threshold Parameter Values and Related Events
Backup Interface Support
Maximum uptime (seconds)
0
86400
ExceededMaximumUptime
Dial-on-Demand
Maximum uptime (seconds)
0
86400
ExceededMaximumUptime
Environment
Relative temperature threshold (%)
Relative voltage threshold (%)
0
0
100
5
OutofRange
OutofRange
Generic Interface/Port Performance
Broadcast threshold (%)
Collision threshold (%)
Discard threshold (%)
Error threshold (%)
Error traffic threshold (%)Queue drop threshold (%)
Utilization threshold (%)
0
0
0
0
0.000
0
100
100
100
100
100.00100
100
HighBroadcastRate
HighCollisionRate
HighDiscardRate
HighErrorRate
HighQueueDropRate
HighUtilization
Interface/Port Flapping
Link trap threshold (count)
Link trap window (seconds)
0
30
10
3600
RepeatedRestarts
Flapping
Processor and Memory
Backplane utilization threshold (%)
Free memory threshold (%)1
Memory buffer miss threshold (%)
Memory buffer utilization threshold (%)
Memory fragmentation threshold (%)1
Processor utilization threshold (%)
0
0
0
0
0
0100
100
100
100
100
100InsufficientFreeMemory
HighBackplaneUtilization
HighBufferMissRate
HighBufferUtilization
ExcessiveFragmentation
HighUtilizationReachability
Restart trap threshold (count)
Restart trap window (seconds)
0
30
10
3600
RepeatedRestarts
Flapping
1 Lower threshold—event is generated when the parameter value is lower than the value you set for it.
For additional information, see the following topics:
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