Table Of Contents

Physical Technologies

Technology Description

SONET/SDH

POS

DSx

Inventory and Information Model Objects (IMOs)

SONET/SDH Physical

DS0 Bundle Interface

DS1 Physical

DS3 Physical

Serial Interface

Network Topology

Vendor-Specific Inventory and IMOs

Service Alarms

Physical Technologies

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This chapter describes the level of support that Cisco ANA provides for physical technologies, as follows:

•Technology Description

•Inventory and Information Model Objects (IMOs)

•Vendor-Specific Inventory and IMOs

•Network Topology

•Service Alarms

Technology Description

SONET/SDH

SONET andSDH were originally standardized for connecting one fiber system to another at the optical level in order to form a single international standard for fiber interconnects between telephone networks of different countries. Today it is a widely deployed, mature technology used in implementing high-speed, large-scale IP networks. It combines high bandwidth capacity with efficient link utilization, making it a major building block for accommodating fast growing IP infrastructure both in the core and at the edge.

SONET/SDH can handle a variety of transmission rates and applications by defining a synchronous, flexible, optical hierarchy for carrying many signals of different capacities. This is accomplished using a byte-interleaved multiplexing scheme, which simplifies multiplexing and offers end-to-end network management. It is a layered protocol that defines four separate layers—Photonic, Section, Line, and Path—within the OSI physical layer (Layer 1).

SONET/SDH networks consist of path terminating elements (PTEs), which represent the physical layer interfaces; add/drop multiplexers (ADMs) or Digital Crossconnect Systems (DCSs); and regenerators interconnected by point-to-point SONET/SDH links called sections.These are fundamentally connection oriented, which means that a VC must be set up across the SONET/SDH network prior to any data transfer.

POS

Packet over SONET/SDH (PoS) is a data link (Layer 2) technology that uses PPP (RFC 1661) in HDLC-like framing (RFC 1662) encapsulation over SONET/SDH framing. The PoS interface supports SONET/SDH-level alarm processing, performance monitoring, synchronization, and protection switching, which enables seamless interoperation with existing SONET infrastructures and provides the capability to migrate to IP+Optical networks without the need for legacy SONET infrastructures.

DSx

Digital Signal (DSx) Hierarchy refers to the rate and format of digital telecommunication circuits, as part of the North American Digital Hierarchy. DS is related to the T-carrier designations. However, DS refers to multiplexing techniques, while the T designations refer to the underlying equipment and signalling.

There are various DS levels: DS0/Fractional T1 (64 Kb/s), which represents a single voice telephone call; DS1/T1 (1.544 Mb/s), which defines how to multiplex 24 DS0, DS2/T2 (6.312 Mb/s); and DS3/T3 (44.736 Mb/s), which defines how to multiplex 4 and 28 DS1, respectively, onto the same circuit.

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Note These physical technologies are supported only insofar as the underlying physical layer is supported in conjunction with other data link layer technologies, such as ATM and PoS.

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Inventory and Information Model Objects (IMOs)

This section describes the following IMOs:

•SONET/SDH Physical (ISonetSdh)

•DS0 Bundle Interface (IDS0Bundle)

•DS1 Physical (IDS1Pdh)

•DS3 Physical (IDS3Pdh)

•Serial Interface (IPhysicalLayer)

SONET/SDH Physical

The physical layer SONET/SDH Physical object is bound by its Containing Termination Points attribute to a Port Connector object. It is accessed primarily by the data link layer object, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode and Frame Relay interfaces, as well as the PoS interface (implemented using PPP Encapsulation), bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.

Table 11-1 SONET/SDH Physical (ISonetSdh)  

Attribute Name	Attribute Description	Scheme	Polling Interval
Specific Type	Specific type (Null, SONET/SDH Mux, OC3, OC12, OC24, OC48, OC192, STM1, STM4, STM16, STM64)	Product	Configuration
Loop Back Type	Loop back type (Null, Cell, Payload, Diag, Line, None, Other, Path, Metalic, Non Metalic, Serial, Parallel, Local, Internal, Network, Inward, Dual, Remote, Inbound Local, No Loop, Facility Loop, Terminal Loop, Other Loop)	Product	Configuration
Scrambling Mode	Scrambling mode (Null, On, Off, Payload, Frame, Payload and Frame)	Product	Configuration
All additional attributes are the same as Physical Layer (IPhysicalLayer)

DS0 Bundle Interface

The data link layer DS0 Bundle Interface object is bound by its Containing Termination Points attribute to either DS1 Physical or DS3 Physical Layer objects. It is accessed primarily by the data link layer object, such as the ATM Interface and the Frame Relay Interface, bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.

Table 11-2 DS0 Bundle Interface (IDS0Bundle)

Attribute Name	Attribute Description	Scheme	Polling Interval
Bundled Time Slots	Bundled time slots (DS1 channels)	Product	Configuration
Bundle Location	Bundle location/index	Product	Configuration
IANA Type	Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) type of the sublayer	N/A	N/A
Containing Termination Points	Underlying termination points (connection or physical)	Product	N/A
Contained Connection Termination Points	Bound connection termination points	Product	N/A

DS1 Physical

The physical layer DS1 Physical and DS3 Physical objects are bound by their Containing Termination Points attribute to a Port Connector object. Each of these objects is accessed primarily by the data link layer object (such as an ATM Interface, Frame Relay Interface, or DS0 Bundle Interface) bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.

Table 11-3 DS1 Physical (IDS1Pdh) 

Attribute Name	Attribute Description	Scheme	Polling Interval
Framing Type	Framing type (Null, OTHER, ESF, ANSI ESFf, D4, E1, E1 CRC, E1 MF, E1 CRC MF, UNFRAMED, E1 UNFRAMED, DS2 M12, E2, E1 Q50, E1 Q50 CRC, ANSI SF, E1 CAS CRC4, E1 CAS No CRC4, E1 No CAS CRC4, E1 No CAS No CRC4, E1 Unstructured, T1 Unstructured, CLEAR CHANNEL)	Product	Configuration
Cell Mapping Type	Cell mapping type (Null, PLCP, HEC, HCS, Direct, ADM)	Product	Configuration
Loop Back Type	Loop back type (Null, Cell, Payload, Diag, Line, None, Other, Path, Metalic, Non Metalic, Serial, Parallel, Local, Internal, Network, Inward, Dual, Remote, Inbound Local, No Loop)	Product	Configuration
Scrambling Mode	Scrambling mode (Null, On, Off)	Product	Configuration
All additional attributes are the same as Physical Layer (IPhysicalLayer)

DS3 Physical

Table 11-4 DS3 Physical (IDS3Pdh)

Attribute Name	Attribute Description	Scheme	Polling Interval
Framing Type	Framing type (Null, Other, M23, SYNTRAN, CBIT, Clear Channel, E3 Other, E3 Framed, Unframed, E3 Unframed, ITU-T G.804, ITU-T G.832, M13)	Product	Configuration
Cell Mapping Type	Cell mapping type (Null, PLCP, HEC, HCS, Direct, ADM)	Product	Configuration
Loop Back Type	Loop back type (Null, Cell, Payload, Diag, Line, None, Other, Path, Metalic, Non Metalic, Serial, Parallel, Local, Internal, Network, Inward, Dual, Remote, Inbound Local, No Loop)	Product	Configuration
Scrambling Mode	Scrambling mode (Null, On, Off)	Product	Configuration
All additional attributes are the same as Physical Layer (IPhysicalLayer)

Serial Interface

Physical layer Serial Interface objects are bound by their Containing Termination Points attribute to a Port Connector object. Each object is accessed primarily by the data link layer object, such as the PPP Encapsulation interface, bound by its Contained Connection Termination Points attribute.

Table 11-5 Serial Interface (IPhysicalLayer)

Attribute Name	Attribute Description	Scheme	Polling Interval
All attributes are the same as Physical Layer (IPhysicalLayer)

Network Topology

Cisco ANA does not support discovery of SONET/SDH and DSx physical layer topology. This topology is manually (statically) configured by the system administrator.

However, it is used in conjunction with the data link layer above it, such as ATM, for discovering its physical topology, while further verifying it by matching the traffic signature of these ports using Cisco's confidential scheme, which requires a substantial amount of traffic in order to function correctly.

Vendor-Specific Inventory and IMOs

There are no vendor-specific inventory or IMOs for this technology.

Service Alarms

The following alarms are supported for this technology:

•Discard Input Packets/Normal Discard Input Packets

•Dropped Output Packets/Normal Dropped Output Packets

•Link Down/Link Up

•Port Down/Port Up

•Receive Utilization/Receive Utilization Normal

•Transmit Utilization/Transmit Utilization Normal

For detailed information about alarms and correlation, see the Cisco Active Network Abstraction 3.6.6 User Guide.