Table Of Contents
MPLS Multi-VRF (VRF-Lite)
Contents
Prerequisites for MPLS Multi-VRF
Restrictions with MPLS Multi-VRF
Information About MPLS Multi-VRF
How the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature Works
How Packets Are Forwarded in a Network Using the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature
How to Configure MPLS Multi-VRF
Configuring VRFs
Restrictions
Default VRF Configuration
Configuring BGP as the Routing Protocol (Recommended)
Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with BGP (Recommended)
Configuring a Routing Protocol Other Than BGP
Restrictions
Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with LDP
Configuration Examples for MPLS Multi-VRF
Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the PE Router: Example
Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the CE Router
Additional References
Related Documents
Standards
MIBs
RFCs
Technical Assistance
Command Reference
Feature Information for MPLS Multi-VRF
MPLS Multi-VRF (VRF-Lite)
First Published: January 1, 2000
Last Updated: July 30, 2008
The MPLS Multi-VRF feature allows you to configure and maintain more than one instance of a routing and forwarding table within the same customer edge (CE) router.
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Your Cisco IOS software release may not support all of the features documented in this module. For the latest feature information and caveats, see the release notes for your platform and software release. To reach links to specific feature documentation in this module and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, use the "Feature Information for MPLS Multi-VRF" section.
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Contents
•
Prerequisites for MPLS Multi-VRF
•
Restrictions with MPLS Multi-VRF
•
Information About MPLS Multi-VRF
•
How to Configure MPLS Multi-VRF
•
Configuration Examples for MPLS Multi-VRF
Prerequisites for MPLS Multi-VRF
The network's core and provider edge routers must be configured for MPLS Virtual Private Network (VPN) operation.
Restrictions with MPLS Multi-VRF
You can configure the MPLS Multi-VRF feature only on Layer 3 interfaces.
The MPLS Multi-VRF feature is not supported by Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) nor IS-IS.
Label distribution for a given VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instance on a given router can be handled by either Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) or Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), but not by both protocols at the same time.
Multicast cannot operate on a Layer 3 interface that is configured with the MPLS Multi-VRF feature.
Information About MPLS Multi-VRF
To configure subscription-based Cisco IOS content filtering, you should understand the following concepts:
•
How the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature Works
•
How Packets Are Forwarded in a Network Using the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature
How the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature Works
The MPLS Multi-VRF feature enables a service provider to support two or more VPNs, where the IP addresses can overlap several VPNs. The MPLS Multi-VRF feature uses input interfaces to distinguish routes for different VPNs and forms virtual packet-forwarding tables by associating one or more Layer 3 interfaces with each VRF. Interfaces in a VRF can be either physical, such as Ethernet ports, or logical, such as VLAN Switched Virtual Interfaces (SVIs), but a Layer 3 interface cannot belong to more than one VRF at any one time. The Multi-VRF feature allows an operator to support two or more routing domains on a CE router, with each routing domain having its own set of interfaces and its own set of routing and forwarding tables. The MPLS Multi-VRF feature makes it possible to extend the Label Switched Paths (LSPs) to the CE and into each routing domain that the CE supports.
The MPLS Multi-VRF feature works as follows:
•
Each CE router advertises its site's local routes to a provider edge (PE) router and learns the remote VPN routes from that PE router.
•
PE routers exchange routing information with CE routers by using static routing or a routing protocol such as BGP, RIPv1, or RIPv2.
•
PE routers exchange MPLS label information with CE routers through LDP or BGP.
•
The PE router needs to maintain VPN routes only for those VPNs to which it is directly attached, eliminating the requirement that the PE maintain all of the service provider's VPN routes. Each PE router maintains a VRF for each of its directly connected sites. Two or more interfaces on a PE router can be associated with a single VRF if all the sites participate in the same VPN. Each VPN is mapped to a specified VRF. After learning local VPN routes from CE routers, the PE router exchanges VPN routing information with other PE routers through internal BGP (iBPG).
With the MPLS Multi-VRF feature, two or more customers can share one CE router, and only one physical link is used between the CE and the PE routers. The shared CE router maintains separate VRF tables for each customer and routes packets for each customer based on that customer's own routing table. The MPLS Multi-VRF feature extends limited PE router functionality to a CE router, giving it the ability, through the maintenance of separate VRF tables, to extend the privacy and security of a VPN to the branch office.
Figure 1 shows a configuration where each CE router acts as if it were two CE routers. Because the MPLS Multi-VRF feature is a Layer 3 feature, each interface associated with a VRF must be a Layer 3 interface.
Figure 1 Each CE Router Acting as Several Virtual CE Routers
How Packets Are Forwarded in a Network Using the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature
Following is the packet-forwarding process in an MPLS Multi-VRF CE-enabled network, as illustrated in Figure 1:
•
When the CE receives a packet from a VPN, it looks up the routing table based on the input interface. When a route is found, the CE imposes the MPLS label it received from the PE for that route and forwards the packet to the PE.
•
When the ingress PE receives a packet from the CE, it swaps the incoming label with the corresponding label stack and sends it to the MPLS network.
•
When an egress PE receives a packet from the network, it swaps the VPN label with the label it earlier had received for the route from the CE, and forwards it to the CE.
•
When a CE receives a packet from an egress PE, it uses the incoming label on the packet to forward the packet to the correct VPN.
To configure Multi-VRF, you create a VRF table and then specify the Layer 3 interface associated with that VRF. Next, you configure the routing protocols within the VPN, and between the CE and the PE. BGP is the preferred routing protocol for distributing VPN routing information across the provider's backbone, for reasons that will be detailed in the section, How to Configure MPLS Multi-VRF.
The Multi-VRF network has three major components:
•
VPN route target communities: These are lists of all other members of a VPN community. You need to configure VPN route targets for each VPN community member.
•
Multiprotocol BGP peering of VPN community PE routers: This propagates VRF reachability information to all members of a VPN community. You need to configure BGP peering in all PE routers within a VPN community.
•
VPN forwarding: This transports all traffic between VPN community members across a VPN service-provider network.
How to Configure MPLS Multi-VRF
This section contains the following procedures:
•
Configuring VRFs (Required)
•
Configuring BGP as the Routing Protocol (Recommended) (Required)
•
Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with BGP (Recommended) (Required)
•
Configuring a Routing Protocol Other Than BGP (Required)
•
Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with LDP (Required)
When BGP is used as the routing protocol, it can also be used for MPLS label exchange between the PE and CE routers. By contrast, if OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, or static routing is used, LDP must be used to signal labels.
To configure the MPLS Multi-VRF feature, you create a VRF table and then specify the Layer 3 interface associated with that VRF. Then you configure the routing protocols within the VPN and between the CE and the PE routers.
The Multi-VRF network has three major components:
•
VPN route target communities: These are lists of all other members of a VPN community. You need to configure VPN route targets for each VPN community member.
•
Multiprotocol BGP peering of VPN community PE routers: This propagates VRF reachability information to all members of a VPN community. You need to configure BGP peering in all PE routers within a VPN community.
•
VPN forwarding: This transports all traffic between VPN community members across a VPN service provider network.
Consider these points when configuring the MPLS Multi-VRF feature in your network:
•
A router with the MPLS Multi-VRF feature is shared by several customers, and each customer has its own routing table.
•
Because each customer uses a different VRF table, the same IP addresses can be reused. Overlapping IP addresses are allowed in different VPNs.
•
The MPLS Multi-VRF feature lets several customers share the same physical link between the PE and the CE routers. Trunk ports with several VLANs separate packets among the customers. Each customer has its own VLAN.
•
For the PE router, there is no difference between using the MPLS Multi-VRF feature or using several CE routers. In Figure 2, for example, four virtual Layer 3 interfaces are connected to the MPLS Multi-VRF CE router.
•
The MPLS Multi-VRF feature does not affect the packet switching rate.
Configuring VRFs
Configure VRFs on both the PE and the CE routers.
Restrictions
Multicast cannot be configured at the same time on the same Layer 3 interface as the MPLS Multi-VRF feature.
Default VRF Configuration
If a VRF has not been configured, the router has the following default configuration:
•
No VRFs have been defined.
•
No import maps, export maps, or route maps have been defined.
•
No VRF maximum routes exist.
•
Only the global routing table exists on the interface.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
ip routing
4.
ip vrf vrf-name
5.
rd route-distinguisher
6.
route-target {export | import | both} route-target-ext-community
7.
import map route-map
8.
exit
9.
interface interface-id
10.
ip vrf forwarding vrf-name
11.
show ip vrf
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
ip routing
Example:
Router(config)# ip routing
|
Enables IP routing.
|
Step 4
|
ip vrf vrf-name
Example:
Router(config)# ip vrf v1
|
Names the VRF, and enters VRF configuration mode.
|
Step 5
|
rd route-distinguisher
Example:
Router(config-vrf)# rd 100:1
|
Creates a VRF table by specifying a route distinguisher.
Enter either an autonomous system number and an arbitrary number (xxx:y), or an IP address and an arbitrary number (A.B.C.D:y).
|
Step 6
|
route-target {export | import | both}
route-target-ext-community
Example:
Router(config-vrf)# route-target export 100:1
|
Creates a list of import, export, or import and export route target communities for the specified VRF.
Enter either an autonomous system number and an arbitrary number (xxx:y), or an IP address and an arbitrary number (A.B.C.D:y).
Note This command works only if BGP is running.
|
Step 7
|
import map route-map
Example:
Router(config-vrf)# import map importmap1
|
(Optional) Associates a route map with the VRF.
|
Step 8
|
exit
Example:
Router(config-vrf)# exit
|
Returns to global configuration mode.
|
Step 9
|
interface interface-id
Example:
Router(config)# interface fastethernet3/0.10
|
Specifies the Layer 3 interface to be associated with the VRF and enters interface configuration mode.
The interface can be a routed port or an SVI.
|
Step 10
|
ip vrf forwarding vrf-name
Example:
Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v1
|
Associates the VRF with the Layer 3 interface.
|
Step 11
|
show ip vrf
Example:
Router# show ip vrf
|
Displays the settings of the VRFs.
|
Configuring BGP as the Routing Protocol (Recommended)
Most routing protocols can be used between the CE and the PE routers. However, external BGP (eBGP) is recommended, because:
–
BGP does not require more than one algorithm to communicate with many CE routers.
–
BGP is designed to pass routing information between systems run by different administrations.
–
BGP makes it easy to pass attributes of the routes to the CE router.
When BGP is used as the routing protocol, it can also be used to handle the MPLS label exchange between the PE and CE routers. By contrast, if OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, or static routing is used, LDP must be used to signal labels.
To configure a BGP PE-to-CE routing session, perform the following steps on the CE and on the PE routers.
PSUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
router bgp autonomous-system-number
4.
network ip-address mask network-mask
5.
redistribute ospf process-id match internal
6.
network ip-address area area-id
7.
address-family ipv4 vrf vrf-name
8.
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} remote-as as-number
9.
neighbor address activate
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
router bgp autonomous-system-number
Example:
Router(config)# router bgp 100
|
Configures the BGP routing process with the autonomous system number passed to other BGP routers, and enters router configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
network ip-address mask network-mask
Example:
Router(config-router)# network
10.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
|
Specifies a network and mask to announce using BGP.
|
Step 5
|
redistribute ospf process-id match
internal
Example:
Router(config-router)# redistribute
ospf 2 match internal
|
Sets the router to redistribute OSPF internal routes.
|
Step 6
|
network ip-address area area-id
Example:
Router(config-router)# network
10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
|
Identifies the network address and mask on which OSPF is running, and the area ID of that network address.
|
Step 7
|
address-family ipv4 vrf vrf-name
Example:
Router(config-router)# address-family
ipv4 vrf v12
|
Identifies the name of the VRF instance that will be associated with the next two commands, and enters VRF address-family mode.
|
Step 8
|
neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name}
remote-as as-number
Example:
Router(config-router-af)# neighbor
10.0.0.3 remote-as 100
|
Informs this router's BGP neighbor table of the neighbor's address (or peer group name) and the neighbor's autonomous system number.
|
Step 9
|
neighbor address activate
Example:
Router(config-router-af)# neighbor
10.0.0.3 activate
|
Activates the advertisement of the IPv4 address-family neighbors.
|
Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with BGP (Recommended)
If BGP is used for routing between the PE and the CE routers, configure BGP to signal the labels on the VRF interfaces of both the CE and the PE routers. You must enable signalling globally at the router configuration level and for each interface:
•
At the router-configuration level, to enable MPLS label signalling via BGP, use the neighbor send-label command).
•
At the interface level, to enable MPLS forwarding on the interface used for the PE-to-CE eBGP session, use the mpls bgp forwarding command.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
router bgp autonomous-system-number
4.
address-family ipv4 vrf vrf-name
5.
neighbor address send-label
6.
neighbor address activate
7.
end
8.
configure terminal
9.
interface interface-id
10.
mpls bgp forwarding
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
router bgp autonomous-system-number
Example:
Router(config)# router bgp 100
|
Configures the BGP routing process with the autonomous system number passed to other BGP routers and enters router configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
address-family ipv4 vrf vrf-name
Example:
Router(config-router)#
address-family ipv4 vrf v12
|
Identifies the name of the VRF instance that will be associated with the next two commands and enters address family configuration mode.
|
Step 5
|
neighbor address send-label
Example:
Router(config-router-af)# neighbor
10.0.0.3 remote-as 100
|
Enables the router to use BGP to distribute MPLS labels along with the IPv4 routes to the peer router(s).
If a BGP session is running when you issue this command, the command does not take effect until the BGP session is restarted.
|
Step 6
|
neighbor address activate
Example:
Router(config-router-af)# neighbor
10.0.0.3 activate
|
Activates the advertisement of the IPv4 address-family neighbors.
|
Step 7
|
end
Example:
Router(config-router-af)# end
|
Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
|
Step 8
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 9
|
interface interface-id
Example:
Router(config)# interface
fastethernet3/0.10
|
Enters interface configuration mode for the interface to be used for the BGP session.
The interface can be a routed port or an SVI.
|
Step 10
|
mpls bgp forwarding
Example:
Router(config-if)# mpls bgp
forwarding
|
Enables MPLS forwarding on the interface.
|
Configuring a Routing Protocol Other Than BGP
You can use RIP, EIGRP, OSPF or with static routing. This configuration uses OSPF, but the process is the same for other protocols. If OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, or static routing is used, LDP must be used to signal labels.
If you use OSPF as the routing protocol between the PE and the CE routers, issue the capability vrf-lite command in router configuration mode. See OSPF Support for Multi-VRF in CE Routers for more information.
Restrictions
If OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, or static routing is used, LDP must be used to signal labels.
The MPLS Multi-VRF feature is not supported by IGRP nor IS-IS.
Multicast cannot be configured on the same Layer 3 interface as the MPLS Multi-VRF feature is configured.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
router ospf process-id [vrf vrf-name]
4.
log-adjacency-changes
5.
redistribute bgp autonomous-system-number subnets
6.
network ip-address subnet-mask area area-id
7.
show ip ospf
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
router ospf process-id [vrf vpn-name]
Example:
Router(config)# router ospf 100 vrf v1
|
Enables OSPF routing, specifies a VRF table, and enters router configuration mode.
|
Step 4
|
log-adjacency-changes
Example:
Router(config-router)# log-adjacency-changes
|
(Optional) Logs changes in the adjacency state.
This is the default state.
|
Step 5
|
redistribute bgp autonomous-system-number
subnets
Example:
Router(config-router)# redistribute bgp 800
subnets
|
Sets the router to redistribute information from the BGP network to the OSPF network.
|
Step 6
|
network ip-address subnet-mask area area-id
Example:
Router(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
255.255.255.0 area 0
|
Indicates the network address and mask on which OSPF runs, and the area ID of that network address.
|
Step 7
|
show ip ospf
Example:
Router# show ip ospf
|
Displays information about the OSPF routing processes.
|
Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with LDP
If OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, or static routing is used, LDP must be used to signal labels.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
interface interface-id
4.
mpls ip
DETAILED STEPS
| |
Command or Action
|
Purpose
|
Step 1
|
enable
Example:
Router> enable
|
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
• Enter your password if prompted.
|
Step 2
|
configure terminal
Example:
Router# configure terminal
|
Enters global configuration mode.
|
Step 3
|
interface interface-id
Example:
Router(config)# interface fastethernet3/0.10
|
Enters interface configuration mode for the interface associated with the VRF. The interface can be a routed port or an SVI.
|
Step 4
|
mpls ip
Example:
Router(config-if)# mpls ip
|
Enables MPLS forwarding of IPv4 packets along normally routed paths for this interface.
|
Configuration Examples for MPLS Multi-VRF
This section contains the following examples:
•
Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the PE Router: Example
•
Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the CE Router
Figure 2
MPLS Multi-VRF Configuration Example
Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the PE Router: Example
Configuring VRFs
route-target export 100:1
route-target import 100:1
route-target export 100:2
route-target import 100:2
Configuring PE-to-CE connections Using BGP for Both Routing and Label Exchange
address-family ipv4 vrf v2
neighbor 10.0.0.8 remote-as 800
neighbor 10.0.0.8 activate
neighbor 10.0.0.8 send-label
address-family ipv4 vrf vl
neighbor 10.0.0.8 remote-as 800
neighbor 10.0.0.8 activate
neighbor 10.0.0.8 send-label
interface fastethernet3/0.10
ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0
interface fastethernet3/0.20
ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0
Configuring PE-to-CE Connections Using OSPF for Routing and LDP for Label Exchange
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
interface fastethernet3/0.10
ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0
interface fastethernet3/0.20
ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0
Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the CE Router
Configuring VRFs
route-target export 800:1
route-target import 800:1
route-target export 800:2
route-target import 800:2
Configuring CE Router VPN Connections
interface fastethernet3/8
ip address 10.0.0.8 255.255.255.0
interface fastethernet3/11
ip address 10.0.0.8 255.255.255.0
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
Note
If BGP is used for routing between the PE and CE routers, the BGP-learned routes from the PE router can be redistributed into OSPF using the commands in the following example.
redistribute bgp 800 subnets
redistribute bgp 800 subnets
Configuring PE-to-CE Connections Using BGP for Both Routing and Label Exchange
address-family ipv4 vrf v12
neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 100
neighbor 10.0.0.3 activate
neighbor 10.0.0.3 send-label
redistribute ospf 2 match internal
address-family ipv4 vrf vl1
neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 100
neighbor 10.0.0.3 activate
neighbor 10.0.0.3 send-label
redistribute ospf 1 match internal
interface fastethernet3/0.10
ip address 10.0.0.8 255.255.255.0
interface fastethernet3/0.20
ip address 10.0.0.8 255.255.255.0
Configuring PE-to-CE Connections Using OSPF for Routing and LDP for Label Exchange
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
interface fastethernet3/0.10
ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0
interface fastethernet3/0.20
ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0
Additional References
The following sections provide references related to the MPLS Multi-VRF feature.
Related Documents
Related Topic
|
Document Title
|
OSPF with Multi-VRF
|
OSPF Support for Multi-VRF in CE Routers
|
Standards
MIBs
MIB
|
MIBs Link
|
• None
|
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:
http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs
|
RFCs
Technical Assistance
Description
|
Link
|
The Cisco Support website provides extensive online resources, including documentation and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies.
To receive security and technical information about your products, you can subscribe to various services, such as the Product Alert Tool (accessed from Field Notices), the Cisco Technical Services Newsletter, and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feeds.
Access to most tools on the Cisco Support website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.
|
http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
|
Command Reference
This feature uses no new or modified commands.
Feature Information for MPLS Multi-VRF
Table 1 lists the release history for this feature.
Not all commands may be available in your Cisco IOS software release. For release information about a specific command, see the command reference documentation.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and software image support. Cisco Feature Navigator enables you to determine which Cisco IOS and Catalyst OS software images support a specific software release, feature set, or platform. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Note
Table 1 lists only the Cisco IOS software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given Cisco IOS software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that Cisco IOS software release train also support that feature.
Table 1 Feature Information for MPLS Multi-VRF
Feature Name
|
Releases
|
Feature Information
|
MPLS Multi-VRF
|
12.1(11)EA1 12.1(20)EW 12.2(4)T 12.2(8)YN 12.2(18)SXD 12.2(25)EWA 12.2(28)SB
|
The MPLS Multi-VRF feature allows you to configure and maintain more than one instance of a routing and forwarding table within the same CE router.
In Cisco IOS Release 12.1(11)EA1, the Multi-VRF feature was introduced.
The feature was integrated into the 12.1(20)EW release.
The feature was integrated into the 12.2(4)T release.
The feature was integrated into the 12.2(8)YN release.
The feature was integrated into the 12.2(18)SXD release.
The feature was integrated into the 12.2(25)EWA release.
Multiprotocol Label Switching support was added in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(28)SB.
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