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Cisco IOS XE Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide, Release 2
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Quality of Service Overview
- Part 1: Classification
- Part 2: Congestion Management
- Part 3: Congestion Avoidance
- Part 4: Policing and Shaping
- Part 5: Link Efficiency Mechanisms
- Part 6: Quality of Service Solutions
- Part 7: Modular Quality of Service Command-Line Interface
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Table Of Contents
Classifying Network Traffic Using NBAR (Cisco IOS XE)
NBAR and Classification of HTTP Traffic
Classification of HTTP Traffic by URL, Host, or MIME
Classification of HTTP Traffic Using the HTTP Header Fields
Combinations of Classification of HTTP Headers and URL, Host, or MIME Type to Identify HTTP Traffic
NBAR and Classification of Citrix ICA Traffic
Classification of Citrix ICA Traffic by Published Application Name
Classification of Citrix ICA Traffic by ICA Tag Number
NBAR and RTP Payload Type Classification
NBAR and Classification of Custom Protocols and Applications
NBAR and Classification with Dynamic PDLM's
NBAR and Classification of Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing Applications
Feature Information for Classifying Network Traffic Using NBAR
Classifying Network Traffic Using NBAR (Cisco IOS XE)
First Published: April 4, 2006Last Updated: November 25, 2009Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR) is a classification engine that recognizes and classifies a wide variety of protocols and applications. When NBAR recognizes and classifies a protocol or application, the network can be configured to apply the appropriate quality of service (QoS) for that application or traffic with that protocol.
This module contains an overview of classifying network traffic using NBAR using Cisco IOS XE Software.
Finding Feature Information
For the latest feature information and caveats, see the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the "Feature Information for Classifying Network Traffic Using NBAR" section.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS XE Software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Contents
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Feature Information for Classifying Network Traffic Using NBAR
Restrictions for Using NBAR
NBAR does not support the following:
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NBAR is not supported on the following logical interfaces:
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Note
Information About Using NBAR
Before classifying network traffic using NBAR, you should understand the following concepts:
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NBAR Functionality
NBAR is a classification engine that recognizes and classifies a wide variety of protocols and applications, including web-based and other difficult-to-classify applications and protocols that use dynamic TCP/UDP port assignments.
When NBAR recognizes and classifies a protocol or application, the network can be configured to apply the appropriate QoS for that application or traffic with that protocol. The QoS is applied using the MQC.
Note
NBAR introduces several classification features that identify applications and protocols from Layer 4 through Layer 7. These classification features include the following:
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This kind of classification requires stateful inspection; that is, the ability to inspect a protocol across multiple packets during packet classification.
Note
NBAR includes a Protocol Discovery feature that provides an easy way to discover application protocols that are operating on an interface. For more information about Protocol Discovery, see the "Enabling Protocol Discovery" module.
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NBAR Benefits
Improved Network Management
Identifying and classifying network traffic is an important first step in implementing QoS. A network administrator can more effectively implement QoS in a networking environment after identifying the amount and the variety of applications and protocols that are running on a network.
NBAR gives network administrators the ability to see the variety of protocols and the amount of traffic generated by each protocol. After gathering this information, NBAR allows users to organize traffic into classes. These classes can then be used to provide different levels of service for network traffic, thereby allowing better network management by providing the right level of network resources for network traffic.
NBAR and Classification of HTTP Traffic
This section includes information about the following topics:
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Classification of HTTP Traffic by URL, Host, or MIME
NBAR can classify application traffic by looking beyond the TCP/UDP port numbers of a packet. This is subport classification. NBAR looks into the TCP/UDP payload itself and classifies packets based on content within the payload such as that transaction identifier, message type, or other similar data.
Classification of HTTP traffic by URL, host, or Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) type is an example of subport classification. NBAR classifies HTTP traffic by text within the URL or host fields of a request using regular expression matching. HTTP client request matching in NBAR supports most HTTP request methods such as GET, PUT, HEAD, POST, DELETE, OPTIONS, CONNECT, and TRACE. The NBAR engine then converts the specified match string into a regular expression.
Figure 1 illustrates a network topology with NBAR in which Router Y is the NBAR-enabled router.
Figure 1 Network Topology with NBAR
When specifying a URL for classification, include only the portion of the URL that follows the www.hostname.domain in the match statement. For example, for the URL www.cisco.com/latest/whatsnew.html, include only /latest/whatsnew.html with the match statement (for instance, match protocol http url /latest/whatsnew.html).
Host specification is identical to URL specification. NBAR performs a regular expression match on the host field contents inside an HTTP packet and classifies all packets from that host. For example, for the URL www.cisco.com/latest/whatsnew.html, include only www.cisco.com.
For MIME type matching, the MIME type can contain any user-specified text string. A list of the IANA-supported MIME types can be found at the following URL:
http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/
When matching by MIME type, NBAR matches a packet containing the MIME type and all subsequent packets until the next HTTP transaction.
NBAR supports URL and host classification in the presence of persistent HTTP. NBAR does not classify packets that are part of a pipelined request. With pipelined requests, multiple requests are pipelined to the server before previous requests are serviced. Pipelined requests are a less commonly used type of persistent HTTP request.
The NBAR Extended Inspection for HTTP Traffic feature allows NBAR to scan TCP ports that are not well known and to identify HTTP traffic that traverses these ports. HTTP traffic classification is no longer limited to the well-known and defined TCP ports.
Classification of HTTP Traffic Using the HTTP Header Fields
NBAR introduces expanded ability for users to classify HTTP traffic using information in the HTTP header fields.
HTTP works using a client/server model. HTTP clients open connections by sending a request message to an HTTP server. The HTTP server then returns a response message to the HTTP client (this response message is typically the resource requested in the request message from the HTTP client). After delivering the response, the HTTP server closes the connection and the transaction is complete.
HTTP header fields are used to provide information about HTTP request and response messages. HTTP has numerous header fields. For additional information on HTTP headers, see section 14 of RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol—HTTP/1.1. This RFC can be found at the following URL:
http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html
NBAR is able to classify the following HTTP header fields:
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Within NBAR, the match protocol http user-agent mozila command is used to specify that NBAR identify request messages. The match protocol http server microsoft command is used to specify response messages.
Examples
In the following example, any request message that contains "somebody@cisco.com" in the User-Agent, Referer, or From fields will be classified by NBAR. Typically, a term with a format similar to "somebody@cisco.com" would be found in the From header field of the HTTP request message.
class-map match-all class1match protocol http from "somebody@cisco.com"In the following example, any request message that contains "http://www.cisco.com/routers" in the User-Agent, Referer, or From fields will be classified by NBAR. Typically, a term with a format similar to "http://www.cisco.com/routers" would be found in the Referer header field of the HTTP request message.
class-map match-all class2match protocol http referer "http://www.cisco.com/routers"In the following example, any request message that contains "CERN-LineMode/2.15" in the User-Agent, Referer, or From header fields will be classified by NBAR. Typically, a term with a format similar to "CERN-LineMode/2.15" would be found in the User-Agent header field of the HTTP request message.
class-map match-all class3match protocol http user-agent "CERN-LineMode/2.15"In the following example, any response message that contains "CERN/3.0" in the Content-Base (if available), Content-Encoding, Location, or Server header fields will be classified by NBAR. Typically, a term with a format similar to "CERN/3.0" would be found in the Server header field of the response message.
class-map match-all class4match protocol http server "CERN/3.0"In the following example, any response message that contains "http://www.cisco.com/routers" in the Content-Base (if available), Content-Encoding, Location, or Server header fields will be classified by NBAR. Typically, a term with a format similar to "http://www.cisco.com/routers" would be found in the Content-Base (if available) or Location header field of the response message.
class-map match-all class5match protocol http location "http://www.cisco.com/routers"In the following example, any response message that contains "gzip" in the Content-Base (if available), Content-Encoding, Location, or Server header fields will be classified by NBAR. Typically, the term "gzip" would be found in the Content-Encoding header field of the response message.
class-map match-all class6match protocol http content-encoding "gzip"Combinations of Classification of HTTP Headers and URL, Host, or MIME Type to Identify HTTP Traffic
Note that combinations of URL, Host, MIME type, and HTTP headers can be used during NBAR configuration. These combinations provide customers with more flexibility to classify specific HTTP traffic based on their network requirements.
Examples
In the following example, HTTP header fields are combined with a URL to classify traffic. In this example, traffic with a User-Agent field of "CERN-LineMode/3.0" and a Server field of "CERN/3.0," along with URL "www.cisco.com/routers," will be classified using NBAR:
class-map match-all c-http match protocol http user-agent "CERN-LineMode/3.0" match protocol http server "CERN/3.0" match protocol http url "www.cisco.com/routers"NBAR and Classification of Citrix ICA Traffic
NBAR can classify Citrix Independent Computing Architecture (ICA) traffic and perform subport classification of Citrix traffic based on the published application name or ICA tag number.
This section includes information about the following topics:
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Classification of Citrix ICA Traffic by Published Application Name
NBAR can monitor Citrix ICA client requests for a published application destined to a Citrix ICA Master browser. After the client requests the published application, the Citrix ICA Master browser directs the client to the server with the most available memory. The Citrix ICA client then connects to this Citrix ICA server for the application.
Note
In Server Browser Mode, NBAR statefully tracks and monitors traffic and performs a regular expression search on the packet contents for the published application name specified by the match protocol citrix command. The published application name is specified by using the app keyword and the application-name-string argument of the match protocol citrix command. For more information about the match protocol citrix command, see the Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Command Reference.
The Citrix ICA session triggered to carry the specified application is cached, and traffic is classified appropriately for the published application name.
Citrix ICA Client Modes
Citrix ICA clients can be configured in various modes. NBAR cannot distinguish among Citrix applications in all modes of operation. Therefore, network administrators might need to collaborate with Citrix administrators to ensure that NBAR properly classifies Citrix traffic.
A Citrix administrator can configure Citrix to publish Citrix applications individually or as the entire desktop. In the Published Desktop mode of operation, all applications within the published desktop of a client use the same TCP session. Therefore, differentiation among applications is impossible, and NBAR can be used to classify Citrix applications only as aggregates (by looking at port 1494).
The Published Application mode for Citrix ICA clients is recommended when you use NBAR. In Published Application mode, a Citrix administrator can configure a Citrix client in either seamless or non-seamless (windows) modes of operation. In nonseamless mode, each Citrix application uses a separate TCP connection, and NBAR can be used to provide interapplication differentiation based on the name of the published application.
Seamless mode clients can operate in one of two submodes: session sharing or nonsession sharing. In seamless session sharing mode, all clients share the same TCP connection, and NBAR cannot differentiate among applications. Seamless sharing mode is enabled by default on some software releases. In seamless nonsession sharing mode, each application for each particular client uses a separate TCP connection. NBAR can provide interapplication differentiation in seamless nonsession sharing mode.
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Classification of Citrix ICA Traffic by ICA Tag Number
Citrix uses one TCP session each time an application is opened. In the TCP session, a variety of Citrix traffic may be intermingled in the same session. For example, print traffic may be intermingled with interactive traffic, causing interruption and delay for a particular application. Most people would prefer that printing be handled as a background process and that printing not interfere with the processing of higher-priority traffic.
To accommodate this preference, the Citrix ICA protocol includes the ability to identify Citrix ICA traffic based on the ICA tag number of the packet. The ability to identify, tag, and prioritize Citrix ICA traffic is referred to as ICA Priority Packet Tagging. With ICA Priority Packet Tagging, Citrix ICA traffic is categorized as high, medium, low, and background, depending on the ICA tag of the packet.
When ICA traffic priority tag numbers are used, and the priority of the traffic is determined, QoS features can be implemented to determine how the traffic will be handled. For example, QoS traffic policing can be configured to transmit or drop packets with a specific priority.
Citrix ICA Packet Tagging
The Citrix ICA tag is included in the first two bytes of the Citrix ICA packet, after the initial negotiations are completed between Citrix client and server. These bytes are not compressed or encrypted.
The first two bytes of the packet (byte 1 and byte 2) contain the byte count and the ICA priority tag number. Byte 1 contains the low-order byte count, and the first two bits of byte 2 contain the priority tags. The other six bits contain the high-order byte count.
The ICA priority tag value can be a number from 0 to 3. The number indicates the packet priority, with 0 being the highest priority and 3 being the lowest priority.
To prioritize Citrix traffic by the ICA tag number of the packet, you specify the tag number using the ica-tag keyword and the ica-tag-value argument of the match protocol citrix command. For more information about the match protocol citrix command, see the Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Command Reference.
NBAR and RTP Payload Type Classification
RTP is a packet format for multimedia data streams. It can be used for media-on-demand as well as for interactive services such as Internet telephony. RTP consists of a data and a control part. The control part is called Real-Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP). RTCP is a separate protocol that is supported by NBAR. It is important to note that the NBAR RTP Payload Type Classification feature does not identify RTCP packets and that RTCP packets run on odd-numbered ports while RTP packets run on even-numbered ports.
The data part of RTP is a thin protocol that provides support for applications with real-time properties such as continuous media (audio and video), which includes timing reconstruction, loss detection, and security and content identification. RTP is discussed in RFC 1889 (A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications) and RFC 1890 (RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control).
The RTP payload type is the data transported by RTP in a packet, for example audio samples or compressed video data.
NBAR RTP Payload Type Classification not only allows one to statefully identify real-time audio and video traffic but can also differentiate on the basis of audio and video codecs to provide more granular QoS. The RTP Payload Type Classification feature, therefore, looks deep into the RTP header to classify RTP packets.
For more information on the classification of RTP with NBAR please refer to http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps6616/products_white_paper09186a0080110040.shtml
NBAR and Classification of Custom Protocols and Applications
NBAR supports the use of custom protocols to identify custom applications. Custom protocols support static port-based protocols and applications that NBAR does not currently support. You can add to the set of protocols and application types that NBAR recognizes by creating custom protocols.
Custom protocols extend the capability of NBAR Protocol Discovery to classify and monitor additional static port applications and allows NBAR to classify nonsupported static port traffic.
Once the custom protocols are defined, we can then use them with the help of NBAR protocol discovery and the MQC to classify the traffic.
With NBAR supporting the use of custom protocols, NBAR can map static TCP and UDP port numbers to the custom protocols.
NBAR includes the following features related to custom protocols and applications:
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This additional keyword and two additional arguments allow for creation of more than one custom protocol based on the same port numbers.
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In the following example, the custom protocol app_sales1 will identify TCP packets that have a source port of 4567 and that contain the term "SALES" in the fifth byte of the payload:
Router(config)# ip nbar custom app_sales1 5 ascii SALES source tcp 4567In the following example, the custom protocol virus_home will identify UDP packets that have a destination port of 3000 and that contain "0x56" in the seventh byte of the payload:
Router(config)# ip nbar custom virus_home 7 hex 0x56 destination udp 3000NBAR and Classification with Dynamic PDLM's
Dynamic PDLM's allow new protocol support for NBAR without the requirement of an IOS release upgrade and router reload. Subsequent IOS releases incorporate support for these new protocols.
Note
Dynamic PDLMs are platform specific, and will have Software Family Identifier(SFI) embedded in them. Dynamic PDLMs of other platforms cannot be loaded on ASR1000 series routers.
NBAR and Classification of Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing Applications
The following are the most common peer-to-peer file-sharing applications supported by NBAR:
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In Cisco IOS Software Release XE 2.5 the DirectConnect and the eDonkey P2P protocols also support subclassifications.
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Gnutella Also Supported
Gnutella is another file-sharing protocol that became classifiable using NBAR in Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Applications that use the Gnutella protocol include Bearshare, Gnewtellium, Gnucleus, Gtk-Gnutella, Limewire, Mutella, Phex, Qtella, Swapper, and Xolo.
The match protocol gnutella file-transfer regular-expression and match protocol fasttrack file-transfer regular-expression commands are used to enable Gnutella and FastTrack classification in a traffic class. The file-transfer keyword indicates that a regular expression variable will be used to identify specific Gnutella or FastTrack traffic. The regular-expression variable can be expressed as "*" to indicate that all FastTrack or Gnutella traffic be classified by a traffic class.
In the following example, all FastTrack traffic is classified into class map nbar:
class-map match-all nbar match protocol fasttrack file-transfer "*"Similarly, all Gnutella traffic is classified into class map nbar in the following example:
class-map match-all nbar match protocol gnutella file-transfer "*"Wildcard characters in a regular expression can also be used to identify specified Gnutella and FastTrack traffic. These regular expression matches can be used to match on the basis of filename extension or a particular string in a filename.
In the following example, all Gnutella files that have the .mpeg extension will be classified into class map nbar.
class-map match-all nbar match protocol gnutella file-transfer "*.mpeg"In the following example, only Gnutella traffic that contains the characters "cisco" is classified:
class-map match-all nbar match protocol gnutella file-transfer "*cisco*"The same examples can be used for FastTrack traffic:
class-map match-all nbar match protocol fasttrack file-transfer "*.mpeg"or
class-map match-all nbar match protocol fasttrack file-transfer "*cisco*"NBAR Scalability
Interface Scalability
In Cisco IOS Software Release 2.5 NBAR protocol discovery is supported only on 256 interfaces. There is no such limit for the NBAR MQC policies.
Flow Scalability
In Cisco IOS Software Release XE 2.5 the following are supported:
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If this limit is crossed or there is a memory flow constraint, new flows will be classified as Unknown.
NBAR-Supported Protocols
The match protocol (NBAR) command is used to classify traffic on the basis of protocols supported by NBAR. NBAR is capable of classifying the following types of protocols:
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Table 1 lists the NBAR-supported protocols available in Cisco IOS XE Software, sorted by category. The table also provides information about the protocol type, the well-known port numbers (if applicable), the syntax for entering the protocol in NBAR, and the Cisco IOS XE Software release in which the protocol was initially supported. This table is updated when a protocol becomes supported in Cisco IOS XE Software.
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Table 1 NBAR-Supported Protocols
Enterprise Applications
Novadigm
TCP/ UDP
3460-3465
Novadigm Enterprise Desktop Manager (EDM)
novadigm
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Citrix (ICA, CGP, IMA, SB)
TCP/
UDPTCP: 1494, 2512, 2513, 2598
UDP: 1604Citrix ICA traffic
citrix
citrix app
citrix ica-tagCisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Oracle
TCP
1525
Oracle
ora-srv
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
PCAnywhere
TCP/UDP
TCP: 5631, 65301
UDP: 22, 5632Symantic PCAnywhere
pcanywhere
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SAP
TCP
3300-3315
3200-3215
3600-3615SAP
sap
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Exchange1
TCP
135
MS-RPC for Exchange
exchange
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Routing Protocols
BGP
TCP/ UDP
179
Border Gateway Protocol
bgp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
EGP
IP
8
Exterior Gateway Protocol
egp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
EIGRP
IP
88
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
eigrp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
OSPF
IP
89
Open Shortest Path First
ospf
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
RIP
UDP
520
Routing Information Protocol
rip
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Database
SQL-exec
TCP/UDP
9088
SQL Exec
sqlexec
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SQL*NET
TCP/ UDP
1521
SQL*NET for Oracle
sqlnet
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Financial
FIX
TCP
Dynamically Assigned
Financial Information Exchange
fix
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Security and Tunneling
GRE
IP
47
Generic Routing Encapsulation
gre
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
IPINIP
IP
4
IP in IP
ipinip
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
IPsec
IP
50, 51
IP Encapsulating Security Payload/
Authentication-
Headeripsec
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
L2TP
UDP
1701
L2F/L2TP Tunnel
l2tp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
PPTP
TCP
1723
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol for VPN
pptp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SFTP
TCP
990
Secure FTP
secure-ftp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SHTTP
TCP
443
Secure HTTP
secure-http
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
SIMAP
TCP/
UDP585, 993
Secure IMAP
secure-imap
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SIRC
TCP/
UDP994
Secure IRC
secure-irc
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SLDAP
TCP/
UDP636
Secure LDAP
secure-ldap
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SNNTP
TCP/
UDP563
Secure NNTP
secure-nntp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SOCKS
TCP
1080
Firewall Security Protocol
socks
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SPOP3
TCP/
UDP995
Secure POP3
secure-pop3
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SSH
TCP
22
Secured Shell
ssh
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
STELNET
TCP
992
Secure Telnet
secure-telnet
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Network Management
ICMP
IP
1
Internet Control Message Protocol
icmp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
SNMP
TCP/
UDP161, 162
Simple Network Management Protocol
snmp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Syslog
UDP
514
System Logging Utility
syslog
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Network Mail Services
IMAP
TCP/
UDP143, 220
Internet Message Access Protocol
imap
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Notes
TCP/
UDP1352
Lotus Notes
notes
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
POP3
TCP/
UDP110
Post Office Protocol
pop3
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
SMTP
TCP
25
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
smtp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Directory
DHCP/
BOOTPUDP
67, 68
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol/Bootstrap Protocol
dhcp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
DNS
TCP/
UDP53
Domain Name System
dns
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Finger
TCP
79
Finger User Information Protocol
finger
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Kerberos
TCP/
UDP88, 749
Kerberos Network Authentication Service
kerberos
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
LDAP
TCP/
UDP389
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
ldap
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Internet
FTP
TCP
Dynamically Assigned
File Transfer Protocol
ftp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Gopher
TCP/ UDP
70
Internet Gopher Protocol
gopher
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
HTTP
TCP
80
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
http
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5IRC
TCP/ UDP
194
Internet Relay Chat
irc
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
NNTP
TCP/ UDP
119
Network News Transfer Protocol
nntp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Telnet
TCP
23
Telnet Protocol
telnet
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
TFTP
UDP
Static (69) with inspection
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
tftp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Signaling
AppleQTC
TCP/UDP
458
Apple Quick Time
appleqtc
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Chargen
TCP/UDP
19
Character Generator
chargen
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
ClearCase
TCP/UDP
371
Clear Case Protocol Software Informer
clearcase
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Corba
TCP/UDP
683, 684
Corba Internet Inter-Orb Protocol (IIOP)
corba-iiop
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Daytime
TCP/UDP
13
Daytime Protocol
daytime
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Doom
TCP/UDP
666
Doom
doom
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Echo
TCP/UDP
7
Echo Protocol
echo
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
IBM DB2
TCP/UDP
523
IBM Information Management
ibm-db2
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
IPX
TCP/UDP
213
Internet Packet Exchange
server-ipx
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
ISAKMP
TCP/UDP
500
Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
isakmp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
ISI-GL
TCP/UDP
55
Interoperable Self Installation Graphics Language
isi-gl
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
KLogin
TCP
543
KLogin
klogin
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
KShell
TCP
544
KShell
kshell
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
LockD
TCP/UDP
4045
LockD
lockd
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
MSSQL
TCP
1433
Microsoft Structured Query Language (SQL) Server
mssql
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
RSVP
IP/
UDPIP: 46
UDP: 1698, 1699Resource Reservation Protocol
rsvp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
RPC
NFS
TCP/UDP
2049
Network File System
nfs
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Sunrpc
TCP/ UDP
Dynamically Assigned
Sun Remote Procedure Call
sunrpc
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Non-IP and LAN/
LegacyNetBIOS
TCP/ UDP
137, 138, 139
NetBIOS over IP (MS Windows)
netbios
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Nickname
TCP/UDP
43
Nickname
nicname
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
NPP
TCP/UDP
92
Network Payment Protocol
npp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Miscellaneous
NTP
TCP/ UDP
123
Network Time Protocol
ntp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Printer
TCP/ UDP
515
Printer
printer
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
RCP
TCP/UDP
469
Rate Control Protocol
rcp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
RTelnet
TCP/UDP
107
Remote Telnet Service
rtelnet
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Systat
TCP/UDP
11
System Statistics
systat
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
TACACS
TCP/UDP
49, 65
Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System
tacacs
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Time
TCP/UDP
37
Time
time
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
VNC
TCP/UDP
5800, 5900, 5901
Virtual Network Computing
vnc
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Whois++
TCP/UDP
63
Whois++
whois++
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
XDMCP
UDP
177
X Display Manager Control Protocol
xdmcp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
X Windows
TCP
6000-6003
X Window System
xwindows
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Voice
H.323
TCP
Dynamically Assigned
H.323 Teleconferencing Protocol
h323
Cisco IOS Release XE 2.1
SIP
TCP/UPD
5060
Session Initiation Protocol
sip
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Skype2
TCP/UDP
Dynamically Assigned
VoIP Client Software
skype
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5RTP
TCP/ UDP
Dynamically Assigned
Real-Time Transport Protocol Payload Classification
rtp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Desktop Media
CUSeeMe
TCP/UDP
TCP: 7648, 7649
UDP: 24032CU-SeeMe Desktop Video Conference
cuseeme
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Streaming Media
RTSP
TCP
554
Real-Time Streaming Protocol
rtsp
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing Applications
BitTorrent3
TCP
Dynamically Assigned, or
6881-6889BitTorrent File Transfer Traffic
bittorrent
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Direct Connect
TCP/ UDP
411
Direct Connect File Transfer Traffic
directconnect
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
eDonkey/ eMule
TCP
4662
eDonkey File-Sharing Application
eMule traffic is also classified as eDonkey traffic in NBAR.
edonkey
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
FastTrack
N/A
Dynamically Assigned
FastTrack
fasttrack
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
Gnutella
TCP
Dynamically Assigned
Gnutella
gnutella
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
KaZaA
TCP/ UPD
Dynamically Assigned
KaZaA
Note that earlier KaZaA version 1 traffic can be classified using FastTrack.
kazaa2
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
WinMX
TCP
6699
WinMX Traffic
winmx
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
1 For Cisco IOS XE Software Release 2.5, Cisco supports Exchange 03 and 07 only. MS client access is recognized, but web client access is not recognized.
2 Cisco software supports Skype 1.0, 2.5, and 3.0.
3 Cisco IOS XE Software Release 2.5, will not detect encrypted BitTorrent traffic.
NBAR Protocol Discovery
NBAR includes a feature called Protocol Discovery. Protocol Discovery provides an easy way to discover the application protocols that are operating on an interface. For more information about Protocol Discovery, see the "Enabling Protocol Discovery" module.
NBAR Protocol Discovery MIB
The NBAR Protocol Discovery Management Information Base (MIB) expands the capabilities of NBAR Protocol Discovery by providing the following new functionality through Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP):
•
•
•
•
For more information about the NBAR Protocol Discovery MIB, see the "Network-Based Application Recognition Protocol Discovery Management Information Base" module.
NBAR Configuration Processes
Configuring NBAR consists of the following processes:
•
When you configure NBAR, the first process is to enable Protocol Discovery.
•
After you enable Protocol Discovery, you have the option to configure NBAR using the functionality of the MQC.
Additional References
The following sections provide references related to classifying network traffic using NBAR.
Related Documents
QoS commands: complete command syntax, command modes, command history, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples
Classifying network traffic if not using NBAR
Marking network traffic
"Marking Network Traffic" module
MQC
Protocol Discovery
Standards
MIBs
RFCs
Technical Assistance
Feature Information for Classifying Network Traffic Using NBAR
Table 2 lists the features in this module and provides links to specific configuration information.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and software image support. Cisco Feature Navigator enables you to determine which Cisco IOS XE Software images support a specific software release, feature set, or platform. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Note
Table 2 Feature Information for Classifying Network Traffic Using NBAR (Cisco IOS XE)
NBAR PDLM supported in ASR1000 Release 5
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5
This feature was integrated into Cisco IOS XE Release 2.5. Additional NBAR-supported protocols were added for this release.
The following section provides information about this feature:
•
The following command was modified: match protocol (NBAR)
NBAR Protocols
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3
This feature was integrated into Cisco IOS XE Release 2.3. Additional NBAR-supported protocols were added for this release.
The following section provides information about this feature:
•
The following command was modified: match protocol (NBAR).
NBAR Real-time Transport Protocol Payload Classification
Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1
This feature was introduced on Cisco ASR 1000 Series Routers.
The following section provides information about this feature:
Glossary
encryption—Encryption is the application of a specific algorithm to data so as to alter the appearance of the data, making it incomprehensible to those who are not authorized to see the information.
HTTP—Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The protocol used by web browsers and web servers to transfer files, such as text and graphic files.
IANA—Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. An organization operated under the auspices of the Internet Society (ISOC) as a part of the Internet Architecture Board (IAB). IANA delegates authority for IP address-space allocation and domain-name assignment to the InterNIC and other organizations. IANA also maintains a database of assigned protocol identifiers used in the TCP/IP stack, including autonomous system numbers.
LAN—local-area network. A high-speed, low-error data network that covers a relatively small geographic area (up to a few thousand meters). LANs connect workstations, peripherals, terminals, and other devices in a single building or other geographically limited area. LAN standards specify cabling and signaling at the physical and data link layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring are widely used LAN technologies.
MIME—Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension. The standard for transmitting nontext data (or data that cannot be represented in plain ASCII code) in Internet mail, such as binary, foreign language text (such as Russian or Chinese), audio, and video data. MIME is defined in RFC 2045: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies.
MPLS—Multiprotocol Label Switching. A switching method that forwards IP traffic using a label. This label instructs the routers and the switches in the network where to forward the packets based on preestablished IP routing information.
MQC—Modular Quality of Service Command-Line Interface. A command-line interface that allows you to define traffic classes, create and configure traffic policies (policy maps), and then attach the policy maps to interfaces. The policy maps are used to apply the appropriate quality of service (QoS) to network traffic.
Protocol Discovery—A feature included with NBAR. Protocol Discovery provides a way to discover the application protocols that are operating on an interface.
QoS—quality of service. A measure of performance for a transmission system that reflects its transmission quality and service availability.
RTCP—RTP Control Protocol. A protocol that monitors the QoS of an IPv6 Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) connection and conveys information about the ongoing session.
stateful protocol—A protocol that uses TCP and UDP port numbers that are determined at connection time.
static protocol—A protocol that uses well-defined (predetermined) TCP and UDP ports for communication.
subport classification—The classification of network traffic by information that is contained in the packet payload; that is, information found beyond the TCP or UDP port number.
TCP—Transmission Control Protocol. A connection-oriented transport layer protocol that provides reliable full-duplex data transmission. TCP is part of the TCP/IP protocol stack.
tunneling—Tunneling is an architecture that is designed to provide the services necessary to implement any standard point-to-point encapsulation scheme.
UDP—User Datagram Protocol. A connectionless transport layer protocol in the TCP /IP protocol stack. UDP is a simple protocol that exchanges datagrams without acknowledgments or guaranteed delivery, requiring that error processing and retransmission be handled by other protocols. UDP is defined in RFC 768: User Datagram Protocol.
WAN—wide-area network. A data communications network that serves users across a broad geographic area and often uses transmission devices provided by common carriers.
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