Table Of Contents

MPLS Multi-VRF (VRF-Lite)

Finding Feature Information

Contents

Prerequisites for MPLS Multi-VRF

Restrictions for MPLS Multi-VRF

Information About MPLS Multi-VRF

How the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature Works

How Packets Are Forwarded in a Network Using the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature

Points to Consider When Configuring the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature

How to Configure MPLS Multi-VRF

Configuring VRFs

Restrictions

Default VRF Configuration

Configuring BGP as the Routing Protocol

Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with BGP

Configuring a Routing Protocol Other than BGP

Restrictions

Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with LDP

Configuration Examples for MPLS Multi-VRF

Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the PE Router: Example

Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the CE Router

Additional References

Related Documents

Standards

MIBs

RFCs

Technical Assistance

Feature Information for MPLS Multi-VRF

MPLS Multi-VRF (VRF-Lite)

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First Published: January 1, 2000

Last Updated: May 4, 2009

The MPLS Multi-VRF feature allows you to configure and maintain more than one instance of a routing and forwarding table within the same customer edge (CE) router.

Finding Feature Information

For the latest feature information and caveats, see the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the "Feature Information for MPLS Multi-VRF" section.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS XE software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

Contents

•Prerequisites for MPLS Multi-VRF

•Restrictions for MPLS Multi-VRF

•Information About MPLS Multi-VRF

•How to Configure MPLS Multi-VRF

•Configuration Examples for MPLS Multi-VRF

•Additional References

•Feature Information for MPLS Multi-VRF

Prerequisites for MPLS Multi-VRF

The network's core and provider edge routers must be configured for MPLS Virtual Private Network (VPN) operation.

Restrictions for MPLS Multi-VRF

You can configure the MPLS Multi-VRF feature only on Layer 3 interfaces.

The MPLS Multi-VRF feature is not supported by Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) nor IS-IS.

Label distribution for a given VPN routing and forwarding (VRF) instance on a given router can be handled by either Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) or Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), but not by both protocols at the same time.

Multicast cannot operate on a Layer 3 interface that is configured with the MPLS Multi-VRF feature.

Information About MPLS Multi-VRF

To configure subscription-based Cisco IOS XE content filtering, you should understand the following concepts:

•How the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature Works

•How Packets Are Forwarded in a Network Using the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature

•Points to Consider When Configuring the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature

How the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature Works

The MPLS Multi-VRF feature enables a service provider to support two or more VPNs, where the IP addresses can overlap several VPNs. The MPLS Multi-VRF feature uses input interfaces to distinguish routes for different VPNs and forms virtual packet-forwarding tables by associating one or more Layer 3 interfaces with each VRF. Interfaces in a VRF can be either physical, such as FastEthernet ports, or logical, such as VLAN Switched Virtual Interfaces (SVIs), but a Layer 3 interface cannot belong to more than one VRF at any one time. The Multi-VRF feature allows an operator to support two or more routing domains on a CE router, with each routing domain having its own set of interfaces and its own set of routing and forwarding tables. The MPLS Multi-VRF feature makes it possible to extend the Label Switched Paths (LSPs) to the CE and into each routing domain that the CE supports.

The MPLS Multi-VRF feature works as follows:

•Each CE router advertises its site's local routes to a provider edge (PE) router and learns the remote VPN routes from that PE router.

•PE routers exchange routing information with CE routers by using static routing or a routing protocol such as BGP, RIPv1, or RIPv2.

•PE routers exchange MPLS label information with CE routers through LDP or BGP.

•The PE router needs to maintain VPN routes only for those VPNs to which it is directly attached, eliminating the requirement that the PE maintain all of the service provider's VPN routes. Each PE router maintains a VRF for each of its directly connected sites. Two or more interfaces on a PE router can be associated with a single VRF if all the sites participate in the same VPN. Each VPN is mapped to a specified VRF. After learning local VPN routes from CE routers, the PE router exchanges VPN routing information with other PE routers through internal BGP (iBPG).

With the MPLS Multi-VRF feature, two or more customers can share one CE router, and only one physical link is used between the CE and the PE routers. The shared CE router maintains separate VRF tables for each customer and routes packets for each customer based on that customer's own routing table. The MPLS Multi-VRF feature extends limited PE router functionality to a CE router, giving it the ability, through the maintenance of separate VRF tables, to extend the privacy and security of a VPN to the branch office.

Figure 1 shows a configuration where each CE router acts as if it were two CE routers. Because the MPLS Multi-VRF feature is a Layer 3 feature, each interface associated with a VRF must be a Layer 3 interface.

Figure 1 Each CE Router Acting as Several Virtual CE Routers

How Packets Are Forwarded in a Network Using the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature

Following is the packet-forwarding process in an MPLS Multi-VRF CE-enabled network, as illustrated in Figure 1:

•When the CE receives a packet from a VPN, it looks up the routing table based on the input interface. When a route is found, the CE imposes the MPLS label it received from the PE for that route and forwards the packet to the PE.

•When the ingress PE receives a packet from the CE, it swaps the incoming label with the corresponding label stack and sends it to the MPLS network.

•When an egress PE receives a packet from the network, it swaps the VPN label with the label it earlier had received for the route from the CE, and forwards it to the CE.

•When a CE receives a packet from an egress PE, it uses the incoming label on the packet to forward the packet to the correct VPN.

To configure Multi-VRF, you create a VRF table and then specify the Layer 3 interface associated with that VRF. Next, you configure the routing protocols within the VPN, and between the CE and the PE. BGP is the preferred routing protocol for distributing VPN routing information across the provider's backbone. For more information, see the "How to Configure MPLS Multi-VRF" section.

The Multi-VRF network has three major components:

•VPN route target communities: These are lists of all other members of a VPN community. You need to configure VPN route targets for each VPN community member.

•Multiprotocol BGP peering of VPN community PE routers: This propagates VRF reachability information to all members of a VPN community. You need to configure BGP peering in all PE routers within a VPN community.

•VPN forwarding: This transports all traffic between VPN community members across a VPN service-provider network.

Points to Consider When Configuring the MPLS Multi-VRF Feature

Consider these points when configuring the MPLS Multi-VRF feature in your network:

•A router with the MPLS Multi-VRF feature is shared by several customers, and each customer has its own routing table.

•Because each customer uses a different VRF table, the same IP addresses can be reused. Overlapping IP addresses are allowed in different VPNs.

•The MPLS Multi-VRF feature lets several customers share the same physical link between the PE and the CE routers. Trunk ports with several VLANs separate packets among the customers. Each customer has its own VLAN.

•For the PE router, there is no difference between using the MPLS Multi-VRF feature or using several CE routers.

•The MPLS Multi-VRF feature does not affect the packet switching rate.

How to Configure MPLS Multi-VRF

This section contains the following procedures:

•Configuring VRFs (required)

•Configuring BGP as the Routing Protocol (required)

•Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with BGP (Required)

•Configuring a Routing Protocol Other than BGP (required)

•Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with LDP (required)

Configuring VRFs

To configure VRFs, complete the following procedure. Be sure to configure VRFs on both the PE and the CE routers.

Restrictions

Multicast cannot be configured at the same time on the same Layer 3 interface as the MPLS Multi-VRF feature.

Default VRF Configuration

If a VRF has not been configured, the router has the following default configuration:

•No VRFs have been defined.

•No import maps, export maps, or route maps have been defined.

•No VRF maximum routes exist.

•Only the global routing table exists on the interface.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable

2. configure terminal

3. ip routing

4. ip vrf vrf-name

5. rd route-distinguisher

6. route-target {export | import | both} route-target-ext-community

7. import map route-map

8. exit

9. interface type slot/subslot/port[.subinterface]

10. ip vrf forwarding vrf-name

11. show ip vrf

DETAILED STEPS

	Command or Action	Purpose
Step 1	enable Example: Router> enable	Enables privileged EXEC mode. •Enter your password if prompted.
Step 2	configure terminal Example: Router# configure terminal	Enters global configuration mode.
Step 3	ip routing Example: Router(config)# ip routing	Enables IP routing.
Step 4	ip vrf vrf-name Example: Router(config)# ip vrf v1	Names the VRF, and enters VRF configuration mode.
Step 5	rd route-distinguisher Example: Router(config-vrf)# rd 100:1	Creates a VRF table by specifying a route distinguisher. Enter either an autonomous system number and an arbitrary number (xxx:y), or an IP address and an arbitrary number (A.B.C.D:y).
Step 6	route-target {export | import | both} route-target-ext-community Example: Router(config-vrf)# route-target export 100:1	Creates a list of import, export, or import and export route target communities for the specified VRF. Enter either an autonomous system number and an arbitrary number (xxx:y), or an IP address and an arbitrary number (A.B.C.D:y). Note This command works only if BGP is running.
Step 7	import map route-map Example: Router(config-vrf)# import map importmap1	(Optional) Associates a route map with the VRF.
Step 8	exit Example: Router(config-vrf)# exit	Returns to global configuration mode.
Step 9	interface type slot/subslot/port[.subinterface] Example: Router(config)# interface fastethernet3/0/0.10	Specifies the Layer 3 interface to be associated with the VRF and enters interface configuration mode. The interface can be a routed port or an SVI.
Step 10	ip vrf forwarding vrf-name Example: Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding v1	Associates the VRF with the Layer 3 interface.
Step 11	show ip vrf Example: Router# show ip vrf	Displays the settings of the VRFs.

Configuring BGP as the Routing Protocol

Most routing protocols can be used between the CE and the PE routers. However, external BGP (eBGP) is recommended, because:

–BGP does not require more than one algorithm to communicate with many CE routers.

–BGP is designed to pass routing information between systems run by different administrations.

–BGP makes it easy to pass attributes of the routes to the CE router.

When BGP is used as the routing protocol, it can also be used to handle the MPLS label exchange between the PE and CE routers. By contrast, if OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, or static routing is used, LDP must be used to signal labels.

To configure a BGP PE-to-CE routing session, perform the following steps on the CE and on the PE routers.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable

2. configure terminal

3. router bgp autonomous-system-number

4. network ip-address mask network-mask

5. redistribute ospf process-id match internal

6. network ip-address area area-id

7. address-family ipv4 vrf vrf-name

8. neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} remote-as as-number

9. neighbor address activate

DETAILED STEPS

	Command	Purpose
Step 1	enable Example: Router> enable	Enables privileged EXEC mode. •Enter your password if prompted.
Step 2	configure terminal Example: Router# configure terminal	Enters global configuration mode.
Step 3	router bgp autonomous-system-number Example: Router(config)# router bgp 100	Configures the BGP routing process with the autonomous system number passed to other BGP routers, and enters router configuration mode.
Step 4	network ip-address mask network-mask Example: Router(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0	Specifies a network and mask to announce using BGP.
Step 5	redistribute ospf process-id match internal Example: Router(config-router)# redistribute ospf 2 match internal	Sets the router to redistribute OSPF internal routes.
Step 6	network ip-address area area-id Example: Router(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0	Identifies the network address and mask on which OSPF is running, and the area ID of that network address.
Step 7	address-family ipv4 vrf vrf-name Example: Router(config-router)# address-family ipv4 vrf v12	Identifies the name of the VRF instance that will be associated with the next two commands, and enters VRF address-family mode.
Step 8	neighbor {ip-address | peer-group-name} remote-as as-number Example: Router(config-router-af)# neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 100	Informs this router's BGP neighbor table of the neighbor's address (or peer group name) and the neighbor's autonomous system number.
Step 9	neighbor address activate Example: Router(config-router-af)# neighbor 10.0.0.3 activate	Activates the advertisement of the IPv4 address-family neighbors.

Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with BGP

If BGP is used for routing between the PE and the CE routers, configure BGP to signal the labels on the VRF interfaces of both the CE and the PE routers. You must enable signalling globally at the router configuration level and for each interface:

•At the router-configuration level, to enable MPLS label signalling via BGP, use the neighbor send-label command).

•At the interface level, to enable MPLS forwarding on the interface used for the PE-to-CE eBGP session, use the mpls bgp forwarding command.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable

2. configure terminal

3. router bgp autonomous-system-number

4. address-family ipv4 vrf vrf-name

5. neighbor address send-label

6. neighbor address activate

7. end

8. configure terminal

9. interface type slot/subslot/port[.subinterface]

10. mpls bgp forwarding

DETAILED STEPS

	Command	Purpose
Step 1	enable Example: Router> enable	Enables privileged EXEC mode. •Enter your password if prompted.
Step 2	configure terminal Example: Router# configure terminal	Enters global configuration mode.
Step 3	router bgp autonomous-system-number Example: Router(config)# router bgp 100	Configures the BGP routing process with the autonomous system number passed to other BGP routers and enters router configuration mode.
Step 4	address-family ipv4 vrf vrf-name Example: Router(config-router)# address-family ipv4 vrf v12	Identifies the name of the VRF instance that will be associated with the next two commands and enters address family configuration mode.
Step 5	neighbor address send-label Example: Router(config-router-af)# neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 100	Enables the router to use BGP to distribute MPLS labels along with the IPv4 routes to the peer router(s). If a BGP session is running when you issue this command, the command does not take effect until the BGP session is restarted.
Step 6	neighbor address activate Example: Router(config-router-af)# neighbor 10.0.0.3 activate	Activates the advertisement of the IPv4 address-family neighbors.
Step 7	end Example: Router(config-router-af)# end	Returns to privileged EXEC mode.
Step 8	configure terminal Example: Router# configure terminal	Enters global configuration mode.
Step 9	interface type slot/subslot/port[.subinterface] Example: Router(config)# interface fastethernet3/0/0.10	Enters interface configuration mode for the interface to be used for the BGP session. The interface can be a routed port or an SVI.
Step 10	mpls bgp forwarding Example: Router(config-if)# mpls bgp forwarding	Enables MPLS forwarding on the interface.

Configuring a Routing Protocol Other than BGP

You can use RIP, EIGRP, OSPF or with static routing. This configuration uses OSPF, but the process is the same for other protocols. If OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, or static routing is used, LDP must be used to signal labels.

If you use OSPF as the routing protocol between the PE and the CE routers, issue the capability vrf-lite command in router configuration mode. See OSPF Support for Multi-VRF in CE Routers for more information.

Restrictions

If OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, or static routing is used, LDP must be used to signal labels.

The MPLS Multi-VRF feature is not supported by IGRP nor IS-IS.

Multicast cannot be configured on the same Layer 3 interface as the MPLS Multi-VRF feature is configured.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable

2. configure terminal

3. router ospf process-id [vrf vrf-name]

4. log-adjacency-changes

5. redistribute bgp autonomous-system-number subnets

6. network ip-address subnet-mask area area-id

7. show ip ospf

DETAILED STEPS

	Command or Action	Purpose
Step 1	enable Example: Router> enable	Enables privileged EXEC mode. •Enter your password if prompted.
Step 2	configure terminal Example: Router# configure terminal	Enters global configuration mode.
Step 3	router ospf process-id [vrf vpn-name] Example: Router(config)# router ospf 100 vrf v1	Enables OSPF routing, specifies a VRF table, and enters router configuration mode.
Step 4	log-adjacency-changes Example: Router(config-router)# log-adjacency-changes	(Optional) Logs changes in the adjacency state. This is the default state.
Step 5	redistribute bgp autonomous-system-number subnets Example: Router(config-router)# redistribute bgp 800 subnets	Sets the router to redistribute information from the BGP network to the OSPF network.
Step 6	network ip-address subnet-mask area area-id Example: Router(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0	Indicates the network address and mask on which OSPF runs, and the area ID of that network address.
Step 7	show ip ospf Example: Router# show ip ospf	Displays information about the OSPF routing processes.

Configuring PE-to-CE MPLS Forwarding and Signalling with LDP

To configure PE-to-CE MPLS forwarding and signalling with LDP, complete the following steps.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable

2. configure terminal

3. interface type slot/subslot/port[.subinterface]

4. mpls ip

DETAILED STEPS

	Command or Action	Purpose
Step 1	enable Example: Router> enable	Enables privileged EXEC mode. •Enter your password if prompted.
Step 2	configure terminal Example: Router# configure terminal	Enters global configuration mode.
Step 3	interface type slot/subslot/port[.subinterface] Example: Router(config)# interface fastethernet3/0/0.10	Enters interface configuration mode for the interface associated with the VRF. The interface can be a routed port or an SVI.
Step 4	mpls ip Example: Router(config-if)# mpls ip	Enables MPLS forwarding of IPv4 packets along normally routed paths for this interface.

Configuration Examples for MPLS Multi-VRF

This section contains the following examples:

•Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the PE Router: Example

•Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the CE Router

Figure 2 is an example of an MPLS Multi-VRF topology.

Figure 2

MPLS Multi-VRF Configuration Topology

Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the PE Router: Example

Configuring VRFs

configure terminal

ip vrf v1

 rd 100:1

 route-target export 100:1

 route-target import 100:1

 exit

ip vrf v2

 rd 100:2

 route-target export 100:2

 route-target import 100:2

 exit

Configuring PE-to-CE Connections Using BGP for Both Routing and Label Exchange

router bgp 100

 address-family ipv4 vrf v2

  neighbor 10.0.0.8 remote-as 800

  neighbor 10.0.0.8 activate

  neighbor 10.0.0.8 send-label

  exit

 address-family ipv4 vrf vl

  neighbor 10.0.0.8 remote-as 800

  neighbor 10.0.0.8 activate

  neighbor 10.0.0.8 send-label

  end

configure terminal

 interface fastethernet3/0/0.10

  ip vrf forwarding v1

  ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

  mpls bgp forwarding

  exit

 interface fastethernet3/0/0.20

  ip vrf forwarding v2

  ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

  mpls bgp forwarding

  exit

Configuring PE-to-CE Connections Using OSPF for Routing and LDP for Label Exchange

router ospf 100 vrf v1

 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0

 exit

router ospf 101 vrf v2

 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0

 exit

interface fastethernet3/0/0.10

 ip vrf forwarding v1

 ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

 mpls ip

 exit

interface fastethernet3/0/0.20

 ip vrf forwarding v2

 ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

 mpls ip

 exit

Configuring MPLS Multi-VRF on the CE Router

Configuring VRFs

configure terminal

 ip routing

 ip vrf v11

  rd 800:1

  route-target export 800:1

  route-target import 800:1

  exit

 ip vrf v12

  rd 800:2

  route-target export 800:2

  route-target import 800:2

  exit

Configuring CE Router VPN Connections

interface fastethernet3/8/0

ip vrf forwarding v11

ip address 10.0.0.8 255.255.255.0

exit

interface fastethernet3/11/0

ip vrf forwarding v12

ip address 10.0.0.8 255.255.255.0

exit

  router ospf 1 vrf v11

 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0

 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0

 exit

  router ospf 2 vrf v12

 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0

 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0

 exit

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Note If BGP is used for routing between the PE and CE routers, the BGP-learned routes from the PE router can be redistributed into OSPF using the commands in the following example.

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  router ospf 1 vrf v11

 redistribute bgp 800 subnets

 exit

  router ospf 2 vrf v12

 redistribute bgp 800 subnets

 exit

Configuring PE-to-CE Connections Using BGP for Both Routing and Label Exchange

  router bgp 800

 address-family ipv4 vrf v12

 neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 100

 neighbor 10.0.0.3 activate

 neighbor 10.0.0.3 send-label

 redistribute ospf 2 match internal

 exit

 address-family ipv4 vrf vl1

 neighbor 10.0.0.3 remote-as 100

 neighbor 10.0.0.3 activate

 neighbor 10.0.0.3 send-label

 redistribute ospf 1 match internal

 end

  interface fastethernet3/0/0.10

  ip vrf forwarding v11

  ip address 10.0.0.8 255.255.255.0

  mpls bgp forwarding

  exit

  interface fastethernet3/0/0.20

  ip vrf forwarding v12

  ip address 10.0.0.8 255.255.255.0

  mpls bgp forwarding

  exit

Configuring PE-to-CE Connections Using OSPF for Routing and LDP for Label Exchange

  router ospf 1 vrf v11

 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0

 exit

  router ospf 2 vrf v12

 network 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 area 0

 exit

  interface fastethernet3/0/0.10

  ip vrf forwarding v11

  ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

  mpls ip

  exit

  interface fastethernet3/0/0.20

  ip vrf forwarding v12

  ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

  mpls ip

  exit

Additional References

The following sections provide references related to the MPLS Multi-VRF feature.

Related Documents

Related Topic	Document Title
Description of commands associated with MPLS and MPLS application	Cisco IOS Multiprotocol Label Switching Command Reference
OSPF with Multi-VRF	OSPF Support for Multi-VRF in CE Routers

Standards

Standard	Title
No new or modified standards are supported by this feature, and support for existing standards has not been modified by this feature.	—

MIBs

MIB	MIBs Link
No new or modified MIBs are supported by this feature, and support for existing MIBs has not been modified by this feature.	To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS XE software releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL: http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs

RFCs

RFC	Title
No new or modified RFCs are supported by this feature, and support for existing RFCs has not been modified by this feature.	—

Technical Assistance

Description

Link

The Cisco Support website provides extensive online resources, including documentation and tools for troubleshooting and resolving technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. To receive security and technical information about your products, you can subscribe to various services, such as the Product Alert Tool (accessed from Field Notices), the Cisco Technical Services Newsletter, and Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Feeds. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

Feature Information for MPLS Multi-VRF

Table 1 lists the release history for this feature and provides links to specific configuration information.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and software image support. Cisco Feature Navigator enables you to determine which Cisco IOS XE software images support a specific software release, feature set, or platform. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

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Note Table 1 lists only the Cisco IOS XE software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given Cisco IOS XE software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that Cisco IOS XE software release train also support that feature.

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Table 1 Feature Information for MPLS Multi-VRF

Feature Name	Releases	Feature Information
MPLS Multi-VRF	Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1	The MPLS Multi-VRF feature allows you to configure and maintain more than one instance of a routing and forwarding table within the same CE router. The following sections provide information about this feature: •Information About MPLS Multi-VRF •How to Configure MPLS Multi-VRF

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All other trademarks mentioned in this document or website are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (0903R)

Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses. Any examples, command display output, and figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental.

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