Table Of Contents
Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WAN Interface Card
Prerequisites for Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
Restrictions for Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
Information About Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
Remote Router Management and Out-of-Band Access
Asynchronous Dial-on-Demand Routing and Dial-Backup
How to Configure the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
Configuring the Asynchronous Interface
Configuring the Line on the Analog Modem WIC
Verifying the Modem Firmware Upgrade
Troubleshooting the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
Configuration Examples for Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
Configuring for Asynchronous Dial Backup: Example
Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WAN Interface Card
The Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WAN Interface Card (WIC) for Cisco 2600XM, Cisco 2691, Cisco 3700, and Cisco 3800 series multiservice platforms provide low-density integrated modems for remote management, dial-backup, and low-density remote-access servers (RAS).
Feature History for the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WAN Interface Card
Finding Support Information for Platforms and Cisco IOS and Catalyst OS Software Images
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco IOS and Catalyst OS software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to http://www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Contents
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Prerequisites for Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
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Restrictions for Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
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Information About Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
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How to Configure the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
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Configuration Examples for Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
Prerequisites for Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
The following Cisco multiservice platforms are supported for the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC:
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Cisco 2600XM
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Cisco 2691
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Cisco 2800
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Cisco 3700
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Cisco 3800
Restrictions for Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
The Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC has the following memory requirements:
Platform Memory Requirements
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Cisco 2600 ip —8M Flash, 32M DRAMM
CautionEnsure that the RJ-11/CA11 telephone cable is disconnected from the modem WIC before installing or removing the modem WIC from the router. The phone jack can have DC potential (up to 56.5 VDC) and can have ring signal (up to 150 VAC) in the United States.
CautionEnsure that the router is powered OFF before installing or removing the modem WIC from the router. The modem WICs do not support online insertion and removal (hot-swap).
Other than some currently unsupported commands, the V.90 modem WIC supports all commands available for modem WICs as described in the Cisco IOS Wide Area Networking Configuration Guide. For troubleshooting and verification, use only the following commands:
clear modem [counters][slot/modem # | group group # | all]
debug modem
show modem slot/port
Most of the show modem commands do not display the WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 information. You may also see error messages, such as this example:
Router# show modem operational-status 0/0
Modem 0/0 doesn't exist.
Information About Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
The Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WAN Interface Card adds the following features to WAN interface card modems:
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Support for V.90/V.92/V.44.
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A Cisco IOS command is provided to update the modem firmware. This command allows for upgrading in the field.
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The country code is set by a modemcap.
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The modem uses the Conexant AT Command Set.
•
More country codes are supported than on previous modems.
Three applications are available for the V.90 modem WIC on the Cisco 2600XM, Cisco 2691, Cisco 3700, and Cisco 3800 series multiservice platforms:
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Remote Router Management and Out-of-Band Access
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Asynchronous Dial-on-Demand Routing and Dial-Backup
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Low-Density Analog RAS Access
Remote Router Management and Out-of-Band Access
In this mode, the modem WIC is used as a dial-in modem for remote terminal access to the router's command-line interface (CLI) for configuration, troubleshooting, and monitoring. The modem WIC acts similar to a modem that is connected to the AUX port of a router, but the integrated nature of the modem WIC greatly decreases configuration time and deployment and sustaining costs. Typically, the 1-port modem WIC is used for this application. Connection speeds up to 33.6 kbps are possible.
Asynchronous Dial-on-Demand Routing and Dial-Backup
In this mode, the V.90 modem WIC transports network traffic. When ISDN service is not available and the traffic load does not justify a leased-line or Frame Relay connection, asynchronous dial-on-demand routing (DDR) is often the only choice for making a WAN connection. Even at sites that do have leased-line or Frame Relay connection, asynchronous DDR can increase bandwidth during sustained traffic load. In addition, when the primary leased-line or Frame Relay link is down during an outage, asynchronous dial-backup provides a secondary way to make the WAN connection. Both the 1-port and 2-port versions of the V.90 modem WIC can be used for this application.
For more information on Asynchronous Dial-on-Demand Routing and Dial-Backup, see the section Configuring Dial Backup for Serial Lines in theCis co IOS Dial Technologies Configuration Guide.
Two ports on one modem WIC (or even three or more ports spanning multiple modem WIC cards) can be combined using Multilink PPP (MLP) to increase connection speeds in a scalar manner. Each connection is capable of V.90 speeds (up to 56 kbps) when connecting to a digital V.90 server modem.
For more information on MLP, see Multilink PPP for DDR—Basic Configuration and Verification.
Low-Density Analog RAS Access
In this application, the V.90 modem WIC enables the platform to provide the services of a typical small remote access server (RAS). One service allows remote users to dial in and gain access to resources on the LAN (or even across the WAN). The analog modems in the modem WIC allow dial-in connection speeds of up to 33.6 kbps, but MLP can bind multiple links together and increase the throughput.
Another service allows PCs (running Cisco DialOut Utility) on the LAN to use the modems for dial-out. Users can connect to other modems (bulletin boards, AOL, ISPs, and so on) or fax machines. The modem WIC allows dial-out connection speeds of up to 56 kbps when dialing a digital V.90 server modem or up to 33.6 kbps when dialing another analog modem. Fax calls connect at up to 14.4 kbps.
Typical RAS deployments with the V.90 modem WIC use the 2-port modem version. With enough slots, the V.90 modem WIC can be used to scale to up to 24 modems.
There is no limit for lines in the MLP bundle with WICs and population of WICs on any Cisco 2600 series or Cisco 3600 series multiservices platforms.
How to Configure the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
To configure the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC, complete the following tasks:
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Configuring the Asynchronous Interface
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Verifying the Modem Firmware Upgrade
Configuring the Asynchronous Interface
Complete the following steps to configure the asynchronous interface on the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
interface async number
4.
ip unnumbered type number
5.
encapsulation ppp
6.
dialer in-band [no-parity | odd-parity]
7.
dialer string number
8.
dialer-group group-number
9.
async mode interactive
10.
peer default ip address pool poolname
DETAILED STEPS
Examples
The following provides an example configuration.
Router(config)# interface async 33Router(config-if)# ip unnumbered f0/0Router(config-if)# encapsulation pppRouter(config-if)# dialer in-bandRouter(config-if)# dialer string 14085551234Router(config-if)# dialer-group 1Router(config-if)# async mode interactiveRouter(config-if)# peer default ip address pool pool123
Note
The entry pool123 is a name chosen for the pool used for defining the range of IP addresses for remote clients.
Configuring the Country Code
Complete the following commands to configure the country code on the modem WIC.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
modemcap entry init-string:MSC=+GCI=country code;configuration values;
4.
line line-number [ending-line-number]
5.
modem autoconfigure type init-string
6.
clear modem slot/port
7.
exit
8.
exit
9.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action PurposeStep 1
enable
Example:Router> enable
Enables privileged EXEC mode.
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Enter your password if prompted.
Step 2
configure terminal
Example:Router# configure terminal
Enters global configuration mode.
Step 3
modemcap entry init-string:MSC=+GCI=country code;configuration values;
Example:Router(config)# modemcap entry CC-TBR21:FD=&F\V1:AA=S0=1:MSC=V0&S0=1+GCI=A6;
Change the country code in the modemcap. Use this chat script to initiate a country code.
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country code—Use the codes in the Country Code Table. (The example shown here, A6, is for Switzerland.)
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configuration values—Enter values for configuring the operating characteristics of the modem. For more information about these parameters, see AT Command Set and Register Summary for NM-8AM-V2, NM-16AM-V2, WIC-1AM, and WIC-2AM Analog Modem WAN Interface Cards.
Note
The semicolon (`;') is very important. The +GCI is an extended command that must come last in an AT string or must be followed by a semicolon (`;').
Note
To see the values configured for a modem, use the show modemcap name command.
Step 4
line line-number [ending-line-number]
Example:Router(config)# line 1 1
Identify a specific line for configuration and enter line configuration collection mode.
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line-number— Relative number of the terminal line (or the first line in a contiguous group) that you want to configure when the line type is specified. Numbering begins with zero.
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ending-line-number— (Optional) Relative number of the last line in a contiguous group that you want to configure. If you omit any keyword, then line-number and ending-line-number are absolute rather than relative line numbers.
Step 5
modem autoconfigure type init-string
Example:Router(config-line)# modem autoconfigure type CC-TBR21
Send the new modemcap string to the modem.
Step 6
clear modem slot/port
Example:Router(config-line)# clear modem 0/0
Reset the hardware of the modem WIC.
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slot/port—Slot and modem port number. (Include the slash mark when entering this variable, for example: 1/1.)
Step 7
exit
Example:Router(config-line)# exit
Exits line configuration collection mode.
Step 8
exit
Example:Router(config)# exit
Exits global configuration mode.
Step 9
exit
Example:Router# exit
Exits privileged EXEC mode.
Country Code Table
Use the codes in this table to set the country code.
Configuring the Line on the Analog Modem WIC
Use these steps to configure the line on the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure terminal
3.
line number
4.
modem inout
5.
autoselect {arap | ppp | slip | during login}
6.
transport input {all | lat | mop | nasi | none | pad | rlogin | telnet | v120}
7.
exit
8.
exit
9.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Upgrading the Modem Firmware
Complete these steps to upgrade the firmware in the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
upgrade modem firmware [all | slot slot | wic nm-slot/wic-slot] file source
3.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Examples
This example shows the output of the upgrade modem firmware all command with a 1-port Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 modem in 0/1 (slot/wic-slot) and a 2-port Cisco WIC-2AM-V2 modem in 1/0 (slot/wic-slot).
Example:
Loading mj-F48A-1824M-4M-Rev-2-bundle-image.bin from
192.188.100.26 (via FastEthernet0/0):
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 282816 bytes]
Verifying the modem firmware bundle - Passed
Decompressing modem firmware image - Done
TTY1: Upgrading modem firmware
TTY33: Upgrading modem firmware
TTY34: Upgrading modem firmware
Downloading modem firmware. Please Wait
........................................................................................................................
TTY1: WIC-AM: Modem firmware download finished...
TTY34: WIC-AM: Modem firmware download finished.......
TTY33: WIC-AM: Modem firmware download finished...
Finished upgrading modem firmware.
Verifying the Modem Firmware Upgrade
Use these steps to verify that the firmware was upgraded in theCisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show modem
3.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Examples
The show modem [slot/port | group number] command shows the state of the specified asynchronous interface.
Example:
Router#show modem 0/0 | inc firmwareWIC-AM firmware ACF3_V1.922F-V90_4M_FSHThe show modem [slot/port | group number] command shows various performance statistics for a modem or group of modems.
Example:
Router# show modem 0/3/0Mdm Typ Status Tx/Rx G Duration TX RX RTS CTS DSR DCD DTR0/3/0 UnKn Idle / 0 00:00:00 - - x x x xModem 0/3/0 [line 50], Async0/3/0, TTY50WIC-AM firmware ACF3_V1.922F-V90_4M_FSHModem config: Incoming and OutgoingProtocol: UnKn, Compression: UnKnLast clearing of "show modem" counters: never0 incoming complete0 incoming failures0 outgoing complete0 outgoing failureTroubleshooting the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
To troubleshoot the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC, use the following commands, starting in privilege EXEC configuration mode.
Debugging Call Connect
Complete the following steps to debug call connect on the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
debug modem
3.
debug dialer
4.
ping system-address
5.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Examples
This command shows the state of the TTY lines.
Example:
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.0.0.2, timeout is 2 seconds:Feb 10 20:33:53: Modem Registers - IMR:0x0 LED:0x0 RstCntrl:0x0 MSR:0xFFFeb 10 20:33:53: As1 DDR: place callFeb 10 20:33:53: As1 DDR: Dialing cause ip (s=10.0.0.1, d=10.0.0.2)Feb 10 20:33:53: As1 DDR: Attempting to dial 2-2772Feb 10 20:33:53: CHAT1: Attempting async line dialer scriptFeb 10 20:33:53: Modem Registers - IMR:0x0 LED:0x0 RstCntrl:0x0 MSR:0xFFFeb 10 20:33:53: CHAT1: Dialing using Modem script: dial & System script: noneFeb 10 20:33:53: CHAT1: process startedFeb 10 20:33:53: CHAT1: Asserting DTRFeb 10 20:33:53: CHAT1: Chat script dial started.....Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)Feb 10 20:34:18: Modem (0/0) DCD AssertedFeb 10 20:34:18: Modem 0/0 WIC-AM: in modem state 'Connect'dte = 115200 modulation= V34 protocol = LAPM compression_type = V42B tx_speed = 33600 rx_speed = 33600Feb 10 20:34:18: CHAT1: Chat script dial finished, status = SuccessFeb 10 20:34:18: Modem 0/0 WIC-AM: switching to PPP modeFeb 10 20:34:18: TTY1: no timer type 1 to destroyFeb 10 20:34:18: TTY1: no timer type 0 to destroyFeb 10 20:34:18: TTY1: no timer type 2 to destroyFeb 10 20:34:20: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Async1, changed state to upFeb 10 20:34:20: As1 DDR: Dialer statechange to upFeb 10 20:34:20: As1 DDR: Dialer call has been placedFeb 10 20:34:20: Modem 0/0: PPP escape map: Tx map = FFFFFFFF, Rx map = 0Feb 10 20:34:20: Modem 0/0: PPP escape map: Tx map = A0000, Rx map = 0Feb 10 20:34:21: As1 DDR: dialer protocol upFeb 10 20:34:21: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Async1, changed state to upDebugging Call Disconnect
Complete these steps to debug call disconnect on the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC.
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
debug modem
3.
debug dialer
4.
clear modem
5.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Examples
The debug modem command shows the state of the TTY lines.
Example:
This command will disconnect any active calls.Clear (reset) modem 0/0? [confirm]resetting slot 0/port 0 line 1Router#Feb 10 20:38:34: Modem (0/0) CTS UnAssertedModem 0/0 WIC-AM: in modem state 'Idle'Feb 10 20:38:36: Modem (0/0) DCD UnAssertedFeb 10 20:38:36: TTY1: DSR was droppedFeb 10 20:38:36: tty1: Modem: READY->(unknown)Feb 10 20:38:37: Modem (0/0) CTS AssertedFeb 10 20:38:37: TTY1: dropping DTR, hanging upFeb 10 20:38:37: TTY1: Async Int reset: Dropping DTRFeb 10 20:38:37: tty1: Modem: HANGUP->(unknown)Feb 10 20:38:37: TTY1: cleanup pending. Delaying DTRFeb 10 20:38:38: TTY1: cleanup pending. Delaying DTRFeb 10 20:38:39: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Async1, changed state to resetFeb 10 20:38:39: TTY1: cleanup pending. Delaying DTRFeb 10 20:38:40: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Async1, changed state to downFeb 10 20:38:40: TTY1: cleanup pending. Delaying DTRFeb 10 20:38:41: TTY1: cleanup pending. Delaying DTRFeb 10 20:38:42: Modem 0/0 WIC-AM: switching to character modeFeb 10 20:38:42: TTY1: no timer type 0 to destroyFeb 10 20:38:42: TTY1: no timer type 1 to destroyFeb 10 20:38:42: TTY1: no timer type 3 to destroyFeb 10 20:38:42: TTY1: no timer type 4 to destroyFeb 10 20:38:42: TTY1: no timer type 10 to destroyFeb 10 20:38:42: TTY1: no timer type 2 to destroyFeb 10 20:38:42: Async1: allowing modem_process to continue hangupFeb 10 20:38:42: TTY1: restoring DTRFeb 10 20:38:42: TTY1: Modem get info startedFeb 10 20:38:43: TTY1: Modem: ATS86? -> 021OKFeb 10 20:38:43: TTY1: Modem: ATZ -> OKFeb 10 20:38:44: TTY1: Modem: AT&F\V1S0=1 -> OKFeb 10 20:38:44: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Async1, changed state to downFeb 10 20:38:44: Modem Registers - IMR:0x0 LED:0x0 RstCntrl:0x0 MSR:0xFFFeb 10 20:38:44: TTY1: autoconfigure probe startedFeb 10 20:38:44: TTY1: Modem command: --AT&F\V1+GCI=B5;S0=1--Feb 10 20:38:46: TTY1: Modem configuration succeededFeb 10 20:38:46: TTY1: Detected modem speed 115200Feb 10 20:38:46: TTY1: Done with modem configurationFeb 10 20:38:54: As1 DDR: re-enable timeoutConfiguration Examples for Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC
This section contains the following examples:
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Configuring for Asynchronous Dial Backup: Example
Configuring for Asynchronous Dial Backup: Example
In this example, the interface S2/0 is configured as a primary link. Configuring the route through the backup interface (the V.90 modem WIC in this case) is very important. 10.0.0.0 in the IP route indicates the network number of the remote end. Thus, all packets for the destination IP are routed through the backup link if the primary link goes down. The 180 in the route command indicates the cost of the route taken (It should be more than the cost of the primary route). This avoids the packets taking the backup link when the primary link is up.
The following example shows an asynchronous dial backup configuration:
interface Serial2/0ip address 70.1.1.2 255.255.255.0backup delay 15 15backup interface as33interface Async33ip address 51.1.1.2 255.255.255.0encapsulation pppdialer in-banddialer map ip 51.1.1.1 name m1_2621_33 modem-script cisco-default 101dialer-group 1ppp authentication chapasync mode interactive!router eigrp 100redistribute staticnetwork 10.0.0.0network 70.0.0.0!ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 51.1.1.2 180!/very important/line 33autoselect pppmodem InOutflowcontrol hardwaretransport input allFor more information on configuring dial backup, see the section Configuring Dial Backup for Serial Lines in theCis co IOS Dial Technologies Configuration Guide.
Additional References
The following sections provide references related to the Cisco WIC-1AM-V2 and WIC-2AM-V2 Analog Modem WIC.
Related Documents
Related Topic Document TitleInstructions for installing hardware.
Instructions for connecting modems.
Detailed information for commands and registers.
AT Command Set and Register Summary for V.90 WIC-1AM and WIC-2AM Analog Modem WAN Interface Cards
Quick reference information for configuration.
Configuration information for serial lines.
Standards
Standards TitleITU-T V.22 A/B
ITU-T V.32
ITU-T V.32 bis
ITU-T V.90
K56Flex
V.22 bis
V.34-1996
V.92 Quick Connect
MIBs
RFCs
RFCs TitleNo new or modified RFCs are supported by this feature, and support for existing RFCs has not been modified by this feature.
—
Technical Assistance
Command Reference
This section documents new and modified commands. All other commands used with this feature are documented in the Cisco IOS Release 12.3 command reference publications.
New Commands
upgrade modem firmware
To upgrade the modem firmware, use the upgrade modem firmware command in global configuration mode.
upgrade modem firmware [all | slot slot | wic nm-slot/wic-slot] file source
Syntax Description
Defaults
No default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Global configuration mode.
Command History
Usage Guidelines
The source for the modem firmware file can be any of the following:
It is best to copy the modem firmware file to Flash: or Slot0: before trying to upgrade the modems. After selecting the source, specify the filename. For example,
tftp://192.168.100.26/mj-F48A-1824M-4M-Rev-2-bundle-image.binIf a modem has a call up, the call will be torn down (the modems selected in the upgrade command, are hardware reset before starting the download). A series of dots are printed (one per second) until the selected modems have been upgraded. The router must not be powered cycled during the upgrade command.
Examples
The following example shows output of the upgrade modem firmware all command with a 1-port WIC-1AM-V2 in 0/1 (slot/wic-slot) and a 2-port WIC-2AM-V2 in 1/0 (slot/wic-slot).:
Router# $em firmware all file flash:mj-F48A-1824M-4M-Rev-2-bundle-image.binVerifying the modem firmware bundle - PassedDecompressing modem firmware image - DoneLoading /mj-F48A-1824M-4M-Rev-2-bundle-image.bin from 192.188.100.26 (via FastEthernet0/0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!![OK - 282816 bytes]Verifying the modem firmware bundle - PassedDecompressing modem firmware image - DoneTTY1: Upgrading modem firmwareTTY33: Upgrading modem firmwareTTY34: Upgrading modem firmwareDownloading modem firmware. Please Wait.......................................................................................... ..............................TTY1: WIC-AM: Modem firmware download finished...TTY34: WIC-AM: Modem firmware download finished.......TTY33: WIC-AM: Modem firmware download finished...Finished upgrading modem firmware.Related Commands
Glossary
baud—bits per second data rate of an asynchronous interface. The term is not used as baud rate, as that is redundant.
DDR—dial-on-demand routing. Also known as direct data routing or dial-up routing (PPP or IP).
DRAMM—Dynamic Random Access Memory Module.
DS0—A single 64 kbps channel of a T1 span.
DSP—digital signal processor.
DSPM—digital signal processing module—voice module card.
IOS—Internet Operating System.
ISDN—Integrated Services Digital Network.
NM—network module.
MAR—modular access router.
MLP—Multilink PPP.
OIR—Online insertion and removal (hot swap).
POTS—Plain old telephone service.
PPP—Point-to-Point Protocol.
PSTN—Public Switched Telephone Network.
RAS—remote access server.
TDM—time-division multiplexing. Also used to describe a single channel on a TDM bus.
VFC—voice feature card.
VIC—voice interface card.
WIC—WAN interface card.



