Table Of Contents
Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
Information About Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
Modular Quality of Service Command-Line Interface
DLCI Numbers and Network Addressing
How to Configure Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
Configuring the Class Map to Match on the Frame Relay DLCI Number
Attaching the Policy Map to an Interface
Configuration Examples for Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
Configuring the Frame Relay DLCI Number As a Match Criterion Example
Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
The Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number feature allows customers to match and classify traffic based on the Frame Relay data-link connection identifier (DLCI) number associated with a packet. This new match criterion is in addition to the other match criteria, such as the IP precedence, differentiated service code point (DSCP) value, class of service (CoS), currently available.
Feature Specifications for Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
Feature History Release Modification12.2(13)T
This feature was introduced.
Supported PlatformsFor platforms supported in Cisco IOS Release 12.2(13)T, consult Cisco Feature Navigator.
Determining Platform Support Through Cisco Feature Navigator
Cisco IOS software is packaged in feature sets that are supported on specific platforms. To get updated information regarding platform support for this feature, access Cisco Feature Navigator. Cisco Feature Navigator dynamically updates the list of supported platforms as new platform support is added for the feature.
Cisco Feature Navigator is a web-based tool that enables you to quickly determine which Cisco IOS software images support a specific set of features and which features are supported in a specific Cisco IOS image. You can search by feature or release. Under the release section, you can compare releases side by side to display both the features unique to each software release and the features in common.
To access Cisco Feature Navigator, you must have an account on Cisco.com. If you have forgotten or lost your account information, send a blank e-mail to cco-locksmith@cisco.com. An automatic check will verify that your e-mail address is registered with Cisco.com. If the check is successful, account details with a new random password will be e-mailed to you. Qualified users can establish an account on Cisco.com by following the directions found at this URL:
Cisco Feature Navigator is updated regularly when major Cisco IOS software releases and technology releases occur. For the most current information, go to the Cisco Feature Navigator home page at the following URL:
Availability of Cisco IOS Software Images
Platform support for particular Cisco IOS software releases is dependent on the availability of the software images for those platforms. Software images for some platforms may be deferred, delayed, or changed without prior notice. For updated information about platform support and availability of software images for each Cisco IOS software release, refer to the online release notes or, if supported, Cisco Feature Navigator.
Contents
•
Information About Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
•
How to Configure Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
•
Configuration Examples for Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
Information About Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
To configure Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number, you need to understand the following concepts:
•
Modular Quality of Service Command-Line Interface
•
DLCI Numbers and Network Addressing
Modular Quality of Service Command-Line Interface
The Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number feature extends the functionality of the Modular Quality of Service (QoS) Command-Line Interface (CLI) (MQC).
The MQC, a feature included in the Cisco IOS software, allows customers to match traffic on he basis of user-specified criteria (for example, access lists, or IP precedences). Traffic that matches that criteria can be organized into specific classes (class maps) that can, in turn, receive specific user-defined QoS treatment when that class is included in a policy map. The class map is placed in a policy map, and the policy map is then attached to an interface for use on the network.
The MQC is a CLI that allows you to create traffic policies and attach these policies to interfaces.
In the MQC, the class-map command is used to define a traffic class (which is then associated with a traffic policy). The purpose of a traffic class is to classify traffic.
The MQC consists of the following three processes:
•
Defining a traffic class with the class-map command.
•
Creating a traffic policy by associating the traffic class with one or more QoS features (using the policy-map command).
•
Attaching the traffic policy to the interface with the service-policy command.
A traffic class contains three major elements: a name, a series of match commands, and, if more than one match command exists in the traffic class, an instruction on how to evaluate these match commands. The traffic class is named in the class-map command line; that is, if you enter the class-map cisco command while configuring the traffic class in the CLI, the traffic class would be named "cisco".
The match commands are used to specify various criteria for classifying packets. Packets are checked to determine whether they match the criteria specified in the match commands. If a packet matches the specified criteria, that packet is considered a member of the class and is forwarded according to the quality of service (QoS) specifications set in the traffic policy. Packets that fail to meet any of the matching criteria are classified as members of the default traffic class.
DLCI Numbers and Network Addressing
A DLCI number is a data link connection identifier. Permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) and switched virtual circuits (SVCs) are identified by a DLCI number. The DLCI number defines a single virtual connection through the WAN and are the Frame Relay equivalent to a hardware address.
Periodically, through the exchange of signaling messages, a network may announce a new virtual circuit with its corresponding DLCI number. However, protocol addressing is not included in the announcement. The station receiving such an indication will learn of the new connection, but will not be able to address the other side. Without a new configuration or mechanism for discovering the protocol address of the other side, this new virtual circuit is unusable.
For this reason, Inverse Address Resolution Protocol (Inverse ARP) was developed. Inverse ARP allows a Frame Relay network to discover the protocol address associated with the virtual circuit, and ARP is more flexible than relying on static configuration.
How to Configure Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
This section contains the following procedures. Each procedure is identified as either required or optional.
•
Configuring the Class Map to Match on the Frame Relay DLCI Number (required)
•
Creating a Policy Map (required)
•
Attaching the Policy Map to an Interface (required)
•
Verifying the Configuration (optional)
Configuring the Class Map to Match on the Frame Relay DLCI Number
Class maps can be used to classify packets into groups based on a user-specified criterion. For example, class maps can be configured to match packets on the basis of the DSCP value or access list number. In this case, the class map is configured to match on the Frame Relay DLCI number associated with the packet. To configure the class map to match on the Frame Relay DLCI number, use the following commands:
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure {terminal | memory | network}
3.
class-map class-map-name
4.
match fr-dlci dlci-number
5.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Creating a Policy Map
Traffic that matches a user-specified criterion can be organized into specific classes (class maps) that can, in turn, receive specific user-defined QoS treatment when that class is included in a policy map. A policy map (traffic policy) is created using the MQC.
To create a policy map using the MQC, refer to the instructions in the "Configuring the Modular Quality of Service Command-Line Interface" chapter of the Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide, Release 12.2.
Attaching the Policy Map to an Interface
After a policy map is created, the next step is to attach the policy map to an interface. Policy maps can be attached to either the input or output direction of the interface.
Depending on the needs of your network, you may need to attach the policy map to a subinterface, an ATM PVC, a Frame Relay DLCI, or other type of interface.
To attach the policy map to an interface, use the following commands:
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
configure {terminal | memory | network}
3.
interface type number
4.
pvc [name] vpi/vci [ilmi | qsaal | smds]
5.
service-policy {input | output} policy-map-name
6.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action PurposeStep 1
enable
Example:Router> enable
Enables higher privilege levels, such as privileged EXEC mode.
•
Enter your password if prompted.
Step 2
configure {terminal | memory | network}
Example:Router# configure terminal
Enters global configuration mode.
Step 3
interface type number
Example:Router(config-if)# interface s4/0
Configures an interface (or subinterface) type and enters interface configuration mode.
•
Enter the interface type number.
Step 4
pvc [name] vpi/vci [ilmi | qsaal | smds]
Example:Router(config-if)# pvc cisco 0/16 ilmi
(Optional) Creates or assigns a name to an ATM PVC and specifies the encapsulation type on an ATM PVC. Enters ATM VC configuration mode.
Note
This step is required only if you are attaching the policy map to an ATM PVC. If you are not attaching the policy map to an ATM PVC, skip this step and proceed with Step 5.
Step 5
service-policy {input | output} policy-map-name
Example:Router(config-if)# service-policy input policy1
Specifies the name of the policy map to be attached to the input or output direction of the interface.
Note
Policy maps can be configured on ingress or egress routers. They can also be attached in the input or output direction of an interface. The direction (input or output) and the router (ingress or egress) to which the policy map should be attached varies according your network configuration. When using the service-policy command to attach the policy map to an interface, be sure to choose the router and the interface direction that are appropriate for your network configuration.
•
Enter the policy map name.
Step 6
exit
Example:Router(config-if)# exit
(Optional) Exits interface configuration mode.
Verifying the Configuration
This task allows you to verify that you created the configuration you intended and that the feature is functioning correctly. To verify the configuration, use the following commands:
SUMMARY STEPS
1.
enable
2.
show class-map [class-map-name]
or
show policy-map interface interface-name
3.
exit
DETAILED STEPS
Troubleshooting Tips
The commands in the "Verifying the Configuration" section allow you to verify that you achieved the intended configuration and that the feature is functioning correctly. If, after using the show commands listed above, you find that the configuration is not correct or the feature is not functioning as expected, perform these operations:
If the configuration is not the one you intended, complete the following procedures:
•
Use the show running-config command and analyze the output of the command.
•
If the policy map does not appear in the output of the show running-config command, enable the logging console command.
•
Attach the policy map to the interface again.
If the packets are not being matched correctly (for example, the packet counters are not incrementing correctly), complete the following procedures:
•
Run the show policy-map command and analyze the output of the command.
•
Run the show running-config command and analyze the output of the command.
•
Use the show policy-map interface command and analyze the output of the command. Check the the following findings:
–
If a policy map applies queueing, and the packets are matching the correct class, but you see unexpected results, compare the number of the packets in the queue with the number of the packets matched.
–
If the interface is congested, and only a small number of the packets are being matched, check the tuning of the tx ring, and evaluate whether the queueing is happening on the tx ring. To do this, use the show controllers command, and look at the value of the tx count in the output of the command.
Configuration Examples for Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number
This section provides the following configuration example:
•
Configuring the Frame Relay DLCI Number As a Match Criterion Example
Configuring the Frame Relay DLCI Number As a Match Criterion Example
In the following example, two PVCs are configured on one serial interface. QoS is provisioned so that one PVC receives 70 percent of the bandwidth and the other PVC receives 25 percent of the bandwidth. When configured as shown below, all traffic belonging to Frame Relay DLCI-102 will be guaranteed 70 percent of the bandwidth, while traffic belonging to Frame Relay DLCI-105 is guaranteed 25 percent of the bandwidth.
Router(config)# class-map match-all dlci-102Router(config-cmap)# match fr-dlci 102Router(config)# class-map match-all dlci-105Router(config-cmap)# match fr-dlci 105Router (config)# policy-map test-policyRouter (config-pmap)# class dlci-102Router (config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 70Router (config-pmap)# class dlci-105Router (config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 25Router(config)# interface Serial9/0/0:0Router(config-if)# service-policy output test-policyIn the following example, QoS is further provisioned for traffic for a PVC (while also guaranteeing bandwidth to the PVC) by using a hierarchical policy. In this configuration example, traffic for PVC 102 (Frame Relay DLCI-102, shown above) is allocated 40 percent of the bandwidth.
Router(config)# class-map match-all precedence2Router(config-cmap)# match ip precedence 2Router (config)# policy-map childRouter (config-pmap)# class precedence2Router (config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 40Router (config)# policy-map test-policyRouter (config-pmap)# class dlci-102Router (config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 70Router (config-pmap-c)# service-policy childRouter (config-pmap)# class dlci-105Router (config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percent 25Router(config)# interface Serial9/0/0:0Router(config-if)# service-policy output test-policyAdditional References
The following sections provide additional references related to Packet Classification Using the Frame Relay DLCI Number:
•
MIBs
•
RFCs
Related Documents
Standards
Standards TitleNo new or modified standards are supported by this feature, and support for existing standards has not been modified by this feature.
—
MIBs
MIBs1 MIBs Link•
CISCO-CLASS-BASED-QOS-MIB
•
CISCO-CLASS-BASED-QOS-CAPABILITY-MIB
To obtain lists of supported MIBs by platform and Cisco IOS release, and to download MIB modules, go to the Cisco MIB website on Cisco.com at the following URL:
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/netmgmt/cmtk/mibs.shtml
1 Not all supported MIBs are listed.
To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:
http://tools.cisco.com/ITDIT/MIBS/servlet/index
If Cisco MIB Locator does not support the MIB information that you need, you can also obtain a list of supported MIBs and download MIBs from the Cisco MIBs page at the following URL:
http://www.cisco.com/public/sw-center/netmgmt/cmtk/mibs.shtml
To access Cisco MIB Locator, you must have an account on Cisco.com. If you have forgotten or lost your account information, send a blank e-mail to cco-locksmith@cisco.com. An automatic check will verify that your e-mail address is registered with Cisco.com. If the check is successful, account details with a new random password will be e-mailed to you. Qualified users can establish an account on Cisco.com by following the directions found at this URL:
RFCs
RFCs TitleNo new or modified RFCs are supported by this feature, and support for existing RFCs has not been modified by this feature.
—
Technical Assistance
Command Reference
This section documents new and modified commands. All other commands used with this feature are documented in the Cisco IOS Release 12.2 T command reference publications.
New Commands
Modified Commands
match fr-dlci
To specify the Frame Relay data-link connection identifier (DLCI) number as a match criterion in a class map, use the match fr-dlci command in class-map configuration mode. To remove a previously specified DLCI number as a match criterion, use the no form of this command.
match fr-dlci dlci-number
no match fr-dlci dlci-number
Syntax Description
Defaults
This command has no default behavior or values.
Command Modes
Class-map configuration
Command History
Usage Guidelines
This match criterion can be used in main interfaces and point-to-multipoint subinterfaces in Frame Relay networks, and it can also be used in hierarchical policy maps.
Examples
In the following example a class map called "class1" has been created and the Frame Relay DLCI number of 500 has been specified as a match criterion. Packets matching this criterion are placed in class1.
Router(config)# class-map class1Router(config-cmap)# match fr-dlci 500Router(config-cmap)# endRelated Commands
show class-map
To display all class maps and their matching criteria, use the show class-map command in EXEC mode.
show class-map [class-map-name]
Syntax Description
class-map-name
(Optional) Name of the class map. The class map name can be a maximum of 40 alphanumeric characters.
Defaults
This command has no default behavior or values.
Command Modes
EXEC
Command History
Usage Guidelines
You can use the show class-map command to display all class maps and their matching criteria. If you enter the optional class-map-name argument, the specified class map and its matching criteria will be displayed.
Examples
In the following example, a class map called "c1" has been defined, and the Frame Relay DLCI number of 500 has been specified as a match criterion:
Router# show class-mapclass map match-all c1match fr-dlci 500Table 1 describes the significant fields shown in the display.
Table 1 show class-map Field Descriptions1
Field DescriptionClass-map
Class of traffic being displayed. Output is displayed for each configured class map in the policy. The choice for implementing class matches (for example, match-all or match-any) can also appear next to the traffic class.
Match
Match criteria specified for the class map. Choices include criteria such as the Frame Relay DLCI number, Layer 3 packet length, IP precedence, IP differentiated services code point (DSCP) value, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) experimental value, access groups, and quality of service (QoS) groups.
1 A number in parentheses may appear next to the class-map name, and match criteria information. The number is for Cisco internal use only and can be disregarded.
Related Commands
show policy-map interface
To display the packet statistics of all classes that are configured for all service policies either on the specified interface or subinterface or on a specific permanent virtual circuit (PVC) on the interface, use the show policy-map interface command in EXEC mode.
show policy-map interface interface-name [vc [vpi/] vci][dlci dlci] [input | output]
Syntax Description
Defaults
The absence of both the forward slash (/) and a vpi value causes the vpi value to default to 0. If this value is omitted, information for all virtual circuits (VCs) on the specified ATM interface or subinterface is displayed.
Command Modes
EXEC
Command History
Usage Guidelines
The show policy-map interface command displays the configuration for classes on the specified interface or the specified PVC only if a service policy has been attached to the interface or the PVC.
Examples
The following sample output of the show policy-map interface command displays the statistics for the Serial3/1 interface, to which a service policy called "mypolicy" is attached. The Frame Relay DLCI number 500 has been specified as a match criterion for the traffic in the class called "case1".
Router# show policy-map interface Serial3/1Serial3/1Service-policy output: mypolicyClass-map: case1 (match-any)169689 packets, 41736286 bytes5 minute offered rate 21000 bps, drop rate 0 bpsMatch: fr-dlci 50084845 packets, 20868266 bytes5 minute rate 0 bpsTable 2 describes the significant fields shown in the display.
Table 2 show policy-map interface Field Descriptions1
Field DescriptionService-policy output
Name of the output service policy applied to the specified interface or VC.
Class-map
Class of traffic being displayed. Output is displayed for each configured class in the policy. The choice for implementing class matches (for example, match-all or match-any) can also appear next to the traffic class.
packets and bytes
Number of packets (also shown in bytes) identified as belonging to the class of traffic being displayed.
offered rate
Rate, in kbps, of packets coming into the class.
drop rate
Rate, in kbps, at which packets are dropped from the class. The drop rate is calculated by subtracting the number of successfully transmitted packets from the offered rate.
Match
Match criteria specified for the class of traffic. Choices include criteria such as the Frame Relay DLCI, Layer 3 packet length, IP precedence, IP differentiated services code point (DSCP) value, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) experimental (EXP) value, access groups, and quality of service (QoS) groups.
1 A number in parentheses may appear next to the service-policy output name, class-map name, and match criteria information. The number is for Cisco internal use only and can be disregarded.
Related Commands
