RSVP Local Policy Support

Table Of Contents

RSVP Local Policy Support

Contents

Prerequisites for RSVP Local Policy Support

Restrictions for RSVP Local Policy Support

Information About RSVP Local Policy Support

Feature Design of RSVP Local Policy Support

Benefits of RSVP Local Policy Support

How to Configure RSVP Local Policy Support

Creating an RSVP Local Policy

Verifying RSVP Local Policy

Examples

Configuration Examples for RSVP Local Policy Support

RSVP Local Policy Support with Match on ACL: Example

RSVP Local Policy Support with Match on AS Number: Example

Additional References

Related Documents

Standards

MIBs

RFCs

Technical Assistance

Command Reference

ip rsvp policy local

show ip rsvp policy local

Glossary

RSVP Local Policy Support

The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) Local Policy Support feature allows network administrators to create controlled policies to restrict the resources that RSVP reservations are allowed to use.

Feature History for RSVP Local Policy Support

Release

Modification

12.2(13)T

This feature was introduced.

12.0(29)S

Support for Inter-autonomous system (AS) traffic engineering (TE) was added.

Finding Support Information for Platforms and Cisco IOS Software Images

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Contents

•Prerequisites for RSVP Local Policy Support

•Restrictions for RSVP Local Policy Support

•Information About RSVP Local Policy Support

•How to Configure RSVP Local Policy Support

•Configuration Examples for RSVP Local Policy Support

•Additional References

•Command Reference

•Glossary

Prerequisites for RSVP Local Policy Support

•RSVP must be configured on two or more routers or on one router and one host within the network before you can use the RSVP Local Policy Support feature.

•Traffic Engineering (TE) must be configured on two or more routers within the network before you can use the TE extensions.

•Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) must be running in the network before you can configure autonomous system (AS)-based policies.

Restrictions for RSVP Local Policy Support

•Interface-based policies are not supported in this release.

•Named access control lists (ACLs) are not supported in this release.

•RSVP policies apply only to Path, Resv, PathError, and ResvError messages.

Information About RSVP Local Policy Support

To configure RSVP Local Policy Support, you need to understand the following concepts:

•Feature Design of RSVP Local Policy Support

•Benefits of RSVP Local Policy Support

Feature Design of RSVP Local Policy Support

Network administrators need the ability to control the resources that RSVP reservations are allowed to use. For example, they may want to restrict RSVP reservations to certain subnets, autonomous systems (ASes), or from specific network servers.

The RSVP Local Policy Support feature allows network administrators to create default, ACL-, and AS-based policies. These policies, in turn, control how RSVP filters its signaling messages to allow or deny quality of service (QoS), as shown in Figure 1, to networking applications based on the IP addresses of the requesting hosts.

Figure 1 RSVP Local Policy Configuration

Benefits of RSVP Local Policy Support

RSVP Reservation Control

Network administrators can restrict the source and destination of RSVP reservations to specific endpoints.

RSVP Reservation Preemption

High priority reservations can preempt existing reservations if there is otherwise no bandwidth available for the new, high-priority reservation.

RSVP Local Policy Functionality Extended

Local policies can reject the following:

•Path or Resv messages that exceed an upper bandwidth limit for a specific reservation

•Path messages that cause an upper limit of the number of senders to be exceeded

•Path or Resv messages that request preemption priority that is too high

•Path messages that request Fast Reroute (TE only)

•Path, Resv, PathError, or ResvError messages that originate from an unauthorized AS

How to Configure RSVP Local Policy Support

This section contains the following procedures:

•Creating an RSVP Local Policy (required)

•Verifying RSVP Local Policy (optional)

Creating an RSVP Local Policy

Perform this task to create an RSVP local policy.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable

2. configure terminal

3. ip rsvp policy local {acl acl [acl1...acl8] | default | origin-as as [as1...as8]}

4. {accept | forward [all | path | path-error | resv | resv-error] | default | exit | fast-reroute | local-override | maximum {bandwidth [group x] [single y] | senders n}| preempt-priority [traffic-eng x] start-priority [hold-priority]}

5. end

DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action

Purpose

Step 1

enable
Example:

Router> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

•Enter your password if prompted.

Step 2

configure terminal
Example:

Router# configure terminal

Enters global configuration mode.
Step 3
ip rsvp policy local {acl acl [acl1...acl8] | 
default| origin-as as [as1...as8]}
Example:
Router(config)# ip rsvp policy local origin-as 
1
Creates a local policy to determine how RSVP resources are used in a network.

Note Before entering the origin-as as keyword argument combination, you must have BGP running; otherwise, an RSVP warning message appears stating that the AS-based policy will be ineffective.
Step 4
{accept | forward [all | path | path-error | 
resv | resv-error] | default | exit | 
fast-reroute | local-override | maximum 
{bandwidth [group x] [single y] | senders n} | 
preempt-priority [traffic-eng x] start-priority 
[hold-priority]}
Example:

Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# forward all
Enters local policy mode and defines the properties of the default, ACL- or AS-based local policy that you are creating. (These are the submodes.)

Note This is an optional step. An empty policy rejects everything, which may be desired in some cases.

See the ip rsvp policy local command for more detailed information on submode commands.
Step 5

end
Example:

Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# end

Exits local policy mode and returns the router to privileged EXEC mode.
Verifying RSVP Local Policy

Perform this task to verify that the RSVP Local Policy Support feature is functioning.

SUMMARY STEPS

1. enable

2. show ip rsvp policy [local [acl [acl] | origin-as [as]]

3. show ip rsvp policy local [acl [acl] | default | origin-as [as]] [detail]

4. show ip rsvp reservation [detail | filter] {destination ipaddress | source ipaddress | dst-port pnum | src-port pnum}

5. show ip rsvp sender [detail | filter] {destination ipaddress | source ipaddress | dst-port pnum | src-port pnum}

DETAILED STEPS
Command or Action

Purpose

Step 1

enable
Example:

Router> enable

Enables privileged EXEC mode.

•Enter your password if prompted.
Step 2
show ip rsvp policy [local [acl [acl] | 
origin-as [as]]
Example:

Router# show ip rsvp policy
Displays summary information on the selected local policies that have been configured.
Step 3

show ip rsvp policy local [acl [acl] | default | origin-as [as]] [detail]
Example:

Router# show ip rsvp policy local detail

Displays detailed information on selected local policies that have been configured.
Step 4
show ip rsvp reservation [detail | filter] 
{destination ipaddress | source ipaddress | 
dst-port pnum | src-port pnum}
Example:
Router# show ip rsvp reservation detail
Displays RSVP receiver information currently in the database.

•The optional detail keyword displays additional output with information about where the policy originated.

•The optional filter keyword is supported in Cisco IOS Releases 12.0 S and 12.2 S only.
Step 5

show ip rsvp sender [detail | filter] {destination ipaddress | source ipaddress | dst-port pnum | src-port pnum}
Example:

Router# show ip rsvp sender detail

Displays RSVP-related sender information currently in the database.

•The optional filter keyword is supported in Cisco IOS Releases 12.0 S and 12.2 S only.
Examples

This section provides the following example output:

•Sample Output for the show ip rsvp policy Command

•Sample Output for the show ip rsvp policy local detail Command

•Sample Output for the show ip rsvp reservation detail Command

•Sample Output for the show ip rsvp sender detail Command

Sample Output for the show ip rsvp policy Command

In this example, the show ip rsvp policy command displays policy-related information including local and default policies and the preemption parameter configured—enabled or disabled.

Because there are no submode commands configured, all RSVP messages matching ACL 104 are rejected. The dashes (--) mean no local policies are accepted or forwarded; they are all rejected.
Router# show ip rsvp policy
Local policy:
    A=Accept    F=Forward
    Path:-- Resv:-- PathErr:-- ResvErr:-- ACL:104
    Path:-- Resv:-- PathErr:-- ResvErr:-- ACL:None [Default policy]
Generic policy settings:
    Default policy: Accept all <--- used when no local policies are configured
    Preemption:     Disabled <--- used only for non-TE reservations
Sample Output for the show ip rsvp policy local detail Command

In this example, the show ip rsvp policy local detail command displays information about the selected local policies currently configured.

The TE and non-TE priority information appears because preemption priority was configured. The senders information appears because the senders group bandwidth option was configured.
Router# show ip rsvp policy local detail
Local policy for ACL(s): 101
    Local Override: Disabled.
    Fast ReRoute:   Accept.
                           Accept               Forward
    Path:                  Yes                  Yes
    Resv:                  Yes                  Yes
    PathError:             Yes                  Yes
    ResvError:             Yes                  Yes
                           Setup Priority       Hold Priority
    TE:                    7                    7    
    Non-TE:                1                    1    
                           Current              Limit
    Senders:               1                    32   
    Group bandwidth (bps): 5K                   0                   
Local policy for ACL(s): 102
    Local Override: Disabled.
    Fast ReRoute:   Accept.
                           Accept               Forward
    Path:                  Yes                  Yes
    Resv:                  Yes                  Yes
    PathError:             Yes                  Yes
    ResvError:             Yes                  Yes
                           Setup Priority       Hold Priority
    TE:                    7                    7    
    Non-TE:                2                    2    
Local policy for AS(es): default
    Local Override: Disabled.
    Fast ReRoute:   Accept.
                           Accept               Forward
    Path:                  Yes                  Yes
    Resv:                  Yes                  Yes
    PathError:             Yes                  Yes
    ResvError:             Yes                  Yes
                           Setup Priority       Hold Priority
    TE:                    7                    7    
    Non-TE:                5                    5    
Generic policy settings:
    Default policy: Accept all
    Preemption:     Enabled
Sample Output for the show ip rsvp reservation detail Command

In this example, the show ip rsvp reservation detail command displays information, including local policies and preemption priorities, related to the Resv message arriving from downstream.
Router# show ip rsvp reservation detail 
Reservation:
  Tun Dest:  192.168.104.3  Tun ID:1  Ext Tun ID:192.168.104.1
  Tun Sender:192.168.104.1  LSP ID:6
  Next Hop:none
  Label:1 (outgoing)
  Reservation Style is Shared-Explicit, QoS Service is Controlled-Load
  Resv ID handle:7000041A.
  Created:13:00:34 UTC Thu Jun 24 2004
  Average Bitrate is 90K bits/sec, Maximum Burst is 1K bytes
  Min Policed Unit:0 bytes, Max Pkt Size:0 bytes
  Status:Proxied
  Policy:Accepted. Policy source(s):MPLS/TE Local !local policies
    Priorities - preempt:0, defend:0 !preemption priorities
Sample Output for the show ip rsvp sender detail Command

In this example, the show ip rsvp sender detail command displays information, including local policies and preemption priorities, related to the Path messages arriving from upstream.
Router# show ip rsvp sender detail
PATH:
  Tun Dest:  192.168.104.1  Tun ID:3  Ext Tun ID:192.168.104.3
  Tun Sender:192.168.104.3  LSP ID:35
  Path refreshes:
    sent:    to   NHOP 192.168.106.1 on ATM1/0.1
  Session Attr:
    Setup Prio:7, Holding Prio:7
    Flags:(0x7) Local Prot desired, Label Recording, SE Style
    Session Name:rsvp7206-3_t3 
  ERO:(incoming)
    192.168.104.3 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32)
    192.168.106.1 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32)
    192.168.104.1 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32)
  ERO:(outgoing)
    192.168.106.1 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32)
    192.168.104.1 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32)
  RRO:
    Empty
  Traffic params - Rate:90K bits/sec, Max. burst:1K bytes
    Min Policed Unit:0 bytes, Max Pkt Size 4294967295 bytes
  Fast-Reroute Backup info:
    Inbound  FRR:Not active
    Outbound FRR:No backup tunnel selected
  Path ID handle:33000406.
  Incoming policy:Accepted. Policy source(s):MPLS/TE Local !local policies
    Priorities - preempt:0, defend:0 !preemption priorities
  Status:Proxied
  Output on ATM1/0.1. Policy status:Forwarding. Handle:33000408
    Policy source(s):MPLS/TE Local !local policies
PATH:
  Tun Dest:  192.168.104.3  Tun ID:1  Ext Tun ID:192.168.104.1
  Tun Sender:192.168.104.1  LSP ID:6
  Path refreshes:
    arriving:from PHOP 192.168.106.1 on AT1/0.1 every 30000 msecs
  Session Attr:
    Setup Prio:7, Holding Prio:7
    Flags:(0x7) Local Prot desired, Label Recording, SE Style
    Session Name:rsvp7206-1_t1 
  ERO:(incoming)
    192.168.106.2 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32)
    192.168.104.3 (Strict IPv4 Prefix, 8 bytes, /32)
  RRO:
    192.168.106.1/32, Flags:0x0 (No Local Protection)
  Traffic params - Rate:90K bits/sec, Max. burst:1K bytes
    Min Policed Unit:0 bytes, Max Pkt Size 4294967295 bytes
  Fast-Reroute Backup info:
    Inbound  FRR:Not active
    Outbound FRR:No backup tunnel selected
  Path ID handle:2E000418.
  Incoming policy:Accepted. Policy source(s):MPLS/TE Local !local policies
    Priorities - preempt:0, defend:0 !preemption priorities
  Status:Proxy-terminated
Configuration Examples for RSVP Local Policy Support

This section provides configuration examples for the RSVP Local Policy Support feature.

•RSVP Local Policy Support with Match on ACL: Example

•RSVP Local Policy Support with Match on AS Number: Example

RSVP Local Policy Support with Match on ACL: Example

In the following example, any RSVP nodes in the 192.168.101.0 subnet can initiate or respond to reservation requests, but all other nodes can respond only to reservation requests. This means that any 192.168.101.x node can send and receive Path, PathError, Resv, or ResvError messages. All other nodes can send only Resv or ResvError messages.
Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# access-list 104 permit ip 192.168.101.0 0.0.0.255 any
Router(config)# ip rsvp policy local acl 104
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# forward all
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# end
Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# ip rsvp policy local default
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# forward resv
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# forward resverror
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# end
RSVP Local Policy Support with Match on AS Number: Example

In order for a local policy to match an AS number for an RSVP message originating from a headend router in another AS, the IP address of the sender on the headend router must be routable in a BGP network. The internal routes in Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) must be redistributed via BGP using route maps. Route maps allow certain internal networks to be advertised into BGP; in this case, External Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP).

In the following four-router configuration (Figure 2), ASBR1 and ASBR2 are connected via eBGP; AS100 and AS200 are connected to a headend router and a tailend router, respectively, via Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Tunnel 11 is the primary TE tunnel between AS100 and AS200. A local policy is configured on ASBR2 to allow all RSVP traffic originating from AS100, but to reject all other reservation attempts.

Figure 2 Sample Configuration with ASBRs and ASes

The following example verifies the current configuration on ASBR1 in AS100.
Router# show run
router ospf 10
 mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0
 mpls traffic-eng area 0
 log-adjacency-changes
 passive-interface Serial2/0
 network 145.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 180.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
 network 180.3.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
 default-information originate always
!
router bgp 100 !AS100
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 redistribute connected
 redistribute ospf 10 match internal route-map internal
 neighbor 180.0.0.2 remote-as 200
 neighbor 180.1.0.2 remote-as 300
 no auto-summary
!         
access-list 10 permit 145.1.1.1 !headend IP address
route-map internal permit 10
 match ip address 10
Router# show ip route
Codes:C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
     3.0.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.0.0 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
     145.1.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       145.1.1.1 [110/2] via 180.3.0.1, 22:32:12, FastEthernet0/0
     145.2.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       145.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
     145.3.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B       145.3.3.3 [20/0] via 180.0.0.2, 23:11:02
C    180.0.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial2/0
C    180.3.0.0/16 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
B    180.6.0.0/16 [20/0] via 180.0.0.2, 23:11:03
The following example on ASBR2 shows that a local policy is configured for AS100:
Router# debug ip rsvp policy
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:POLICY-LOCAL - query
for inbound Path message
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:POLICY-LOCAL - Path
from 145.1.1.1 originated in AS 100
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:POLICY-LOCAL - using
local policy "AS(es):100" !local policy for AS100
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:POLICY-LOCAL - Path
accepted
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:POLICY-RRR - Path Query
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:POLICY-RRR - incoming
query; idb=[Serial2/0]
1w6d:RSVP-POLICY-RRR-LPM:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:Incoming
Path accept
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:RSVP-POLICY - received
decision for Path message
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:RSVP-POLICY - accept
incoming message
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:RSVP-POLICY - Path
query
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:POLICY-LOCAL - query
for outbound Path message
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:POLICY-LOCAL - no
decision (can't find a matching policy)
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:POLICY-RRR - Path Query
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:POLICY-RRR - outgoing
query; idb=[Ethernet1/1]
1w6d:RSVP-POLICY-RRR-LPM:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:Outgoing
Path accept
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:RSVP-POLICY - received
decision for Path message
1w6d:RSVP:145.1.1.1_2393->145.4.4.4_11[145.1.1.1]:RSVP-POLICY - send
outgoing message to Ethernet1/1
Note You can enable policy debug output for a specific label-switched path (LSP) by creating an ACL for it and issuing the debug ip rsvp filter acl-num command. You need to specify User Data Protocol (UDP) as the IP protocol in the ACL.

The following example displays the local policy parameters configured on ASBR1 for AS100:
Router# show ip rsvp policy local
Local policy for AS(es):100 !local policy configured for AS100
    Local Override:Disabled.
    Fast ReRoute:  Accept.
                          Accept               Forward
    Path:                 Yes                  Yes 
    Resv:                 Yes                  Yes 
    PathError:            Yes                  Yes 
    ResvError:            Yes                  Yes 
Generic policy settings:
    Default policy:Default reject
    Preemption:    Disabled
The following example verifies the configuration on ASBR2:
Router# show run
router ospf 10
 mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0
 mpls traffic-eng area 0
 log-adjacency-changes
 passive-interface Serial2/0
 network 145.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 180.0.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
 network 180.6.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
 default-information originate always
!         
router bgp 200 !AS200
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 redistribute connected
 neighbor 180.0.0.1 remote-as 100
 neighbor 180.2.0.2 remote-as 300
 no auto-summary
!         
ip default-gateway 3.3.0.1
ip classless
!         
ip rsvp policy local origin-as 100 !local policy allowing traffic from AS100
 forward all
!         
ip rsvp policy local default !local policy rejecting all other reservations
access-list 110 permit 0 any host 145.3.3.3
access-list 110 permit 0 any host 145.4.4.4
Router# show ip route
Codes:C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
     3.0.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.0.0 is directly connected, Ethernet1/0
     145.1.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B       145.1.1.1 [20/2] via 180.0.0.1, 01:10:19
     145.2.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B       145.2.2.2 [20/0] via 180.0.0.1, 23:13:03
     145.3.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       145.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0
     145.4.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       145.4.4.4 [110/11] via 180.6.0.2, 23:15:41, Ethernet1/1
C    180.0.0.0/16 is directly connected, Serial2/0
B    180.3.0.0/16 [20/0] via 180.0.0.1, 23:13:04
C    180.6.0.0/16 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1
Note Unadvertised internal routes should not appear across AS boundary networks.

The following example verifies the configuration on the headend router:
Router# show run
mpls traffic-eng tunnels
mpls traffic-eng reoptimize timers frequency 0
no mpls traffic-eng auto-bw timers frequency 0
!
!         
!         
!         
!         
interface Loopback0
 ip address 145.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
 no ip directed-broadcast
 ip rsvp bandwidth
!         
interface Tunnel11 !primary tunnel between AS100 and AS200
 description Primary tunnel 36-1->72-1->36-2->72-2->75-1
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 no logging event link-status
 tunnel destination 145.4.4.4
 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng
 tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 7 7
 tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth  10
 tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 1 explicit name main
!         
interface Tunnel12
 description Inline tunnel 36-1->72-1->72-2
 ip unnumbered Loopback0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 no logging event link-status
 tunnel destination 145.3.3.3
 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng
 tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 7 7
 tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth  10
 tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 1 explicit name minor
!         
interface FastEthernet2/0
 description Link to ASBR
 ip address 180.3.0.1 255.255.0.0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 no keepalive
 mpls traffic-eng tunnels
 ip rsvp bandwidth 1000
!         
router ospf 10
 log-adjacency-changes
 mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0
 mpls traffic-eng area 0
 network 145.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 180.3.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
!         
ip default-gateway 3.3.0.1
ip classless
ip route 145.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 Tunnel11
ip http server
!         
!         
ip explicit-path name main enable
 next-address 145.2.2.2
 next-address loose 145.3.3.3
!         
ip explicit-path name pri enable
!         
ip explicit-path name minor enable
 next-address 145.2.2.2
 next-address loose 145.3.3.3
!         
ip explicit-path name path1 enable
 next-address 180.0.0.2
 next-address 180.0.1.2
 next-address 180.0.2.2
!         
Router# show ip route
Codes:C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is 180.3.0.2 to network 0.0.0.0
     3.0.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.0.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0/0
     145.1.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       145.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0
     145.2.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O       145.2.2.2 [110/2] via 180.3.0.2, 22:31:13, FastEthernet2/0
     145.4.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S       145.4.4.4 is directly connected, Tunnel11
O    180.0.0.0/16 [110/2] via 180.3.0.2, 22:31:13, FastEthernet2/0
C    180.3.0.0/16 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
O* E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 180.3.0.2, 22:31:14, FastEthernet2/0
The following example verifies the ASBR2 part of the configuration on the tailend router:
Router# show run
mpls traffic-eng tunnels
no mpls traffic-eng auto-bw timers frequency 0
!         
!         
!         
interface Loopback0
 ip address 145.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 !tailend IP address
 no ip directed-broadcast
 ip rsvp bandwidth
!
interface Ethernet2/1/1
 description Link to ASBR2 !ASBR2
 ip address 180.6.0.2 255.255.0.0
 no ip directed-broadcast
 mpls traffic-eng tunnels
 ip rsvp bandwidth
!         
router ospf 10
 log-adjacency-changes
 mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback0
 mpls traffic-eng area 0
 network 145.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 180.6.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 0
!
ip default-gateway 3.3.0.1
ip classless
!
Additional References

The following sections provide references related to the RSVP Local Policy Support feature.

Related Documents

Related Topic

Document Title

RSVP commands: complete command syntax, command mode, defaults, usage guidelines, and examples

Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Command Reference, Release 12.3 T

QoS features including signaling, classification, and congestion management

Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide, Release 12.3

Inter-AS features including local policy support and per-neighbor keys authentication

MPLS Traffic Engineering—Inter-AS-TE feature module

Error messages

Cisco IOS Software System Error Messages

Other documentation

"MPLS Inter-AS Traffic Engineering Requirements," Internet draft, January 2004 [draft-ietf-tews-interas-mpls-te-reg-06.txt]; Zhang, R., Vasseur, JP, et. al.

Standards

Standards

Title

No new or modified standards are supported by this feature, and support for existing standards has not been modified by this feature.

—

MIBs

MIBs

MIBs Link

No new or modified MIBs are supported by this feature, and support for existing MIBs has not been modified by this feature.

To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/mibs

RFCs

RFCs

Title

No new or modified RFCs are supported by this feature, and support for existing RFCs has not been modified by this feature.

—

Technical Assistance

Description

Link

Technical Assistance Center (TAC) home page, containing 30,000 pages of searchable technical content, including links to products, technologies, solutions, technical tips, and tools. Registered Cisco.com users can log in from this page to access even more content.

http://www.cisco.com/public/support/tac/home.shtml

Command Reference

This section documents modified commands. All other commands used with this feature are documented in the Cisco IOS Release 12.3 command reference publications.

•ip rsvp policy local

•show ip rsvp policy local

ip rsvp policy local

To create a local procedure that determines the use of Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) resources in a network, use the ip rsvp policy local command in global configuration mode. To disable this feature, use the no form of this command.

ip rsvp policy local {acl acl [acl1...acl8] | default | origin-as as [as1...as8]}
no ip rsvp policy local
Syntax Description

acl acl [acl1...acl8]

Used when an ACL is specified. Values for each ACL are 1-199.

Note You must associate at least one ACL with an ACL-based policy. However, you can associate as many as eight.

default

Used when an RSVP message does not match any access control list (ACL) or autonomous system (AS).

origin-as as [as1...as8]

Used when an AS is specified. Values for each AS are 1-65535.

Note You must associate at least one AS with an AS-based policy. However, you can associate as many as eight.

Defaults

This command is disabled by default.

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release

Modification

12.2(13)T

This command was introduced.

12.0(29)S

The origin-as as keyword argument combination and new submode commands were added.

Usage Guidelines

Use the ip rsvp policy local command to create a local procedure that determines the use of RSVP resources in a network.

Note Before entering the origin-as as keyword argument combination, you must have Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) running; otherwise, an RSVP warning message appears stating that the AS-based policy will be ineffective.

Local policies can be ACL- or AS-based for traffic engineering (TE) and non-TE reservations.

There are three types of local policies—one default local policy, one or more ACL-based local policies, and one or more AS-based policies. The default policy is used when an RSVP message does not match any ACL- or AS-based policies. You can use local policies in the following combinations:

•A default policy and no ACL- or AS-based policies. All RSVP messages, regardless of reservation (data flow) source or destination, are subject to whatever is defined in this one policy.

•ACL-based policies and no default policy. If an RSVP message does not match the ACLs of any of these local policies, then RSVP sees if there are any remote policies in place that allow the router to pass the RSVP message to a COPS server for an accept/reject decision. If there are no COPS servers, the RSVP message is accepted. This final decision can be changed to a reject decision with the ip rsvp policy default-reject command.

Note Common Open Policy Service (COPS) is not supported in Cisco IOS Releases 12.0 S or 12.2 S.

•AS-based policies and no default policy. If an RSVP message does not match the ASes of any of these local policies, then RSVP sees if there are any remote policies in place that allow the router to pass the RSVP message to a COPS server for an accept/reject decision. If there are no COPS servers, the RSVP message is accepted. This final decision can be changed to a reject decision with the ip rsvp policy default-reject command.

•A default policy and AS-based policies. If an RSVP message does not match the ASes of any of these local policies, then RSVP will execute whatever decisions are in the default local policy.

•A default policy and ACL-based policies. If an RSVP message does not match the ACLs of any of these local policies, then RSVP will execute whatever decisions are in the default local policy.

•ACL- and AS-based policies. If an RSVP message does not match the AS of any of the AS-based policies, then RSVP looks for a match with an ACL-based policy.

An ACL-based policy must have at least one ACL associated with it, but it can optionally have up to eight ACLs. The ACLs can be standard or extended IP ACLs. They are matched against source/destination addresses/ports based on RSVP objects inside RSVP signaling messages as described in the following section.

Match Criteria for ACL-Based Policies

•ACL source address—matched against the source address in the SENDER_TEMPLATE object in RSVP messages. If this object is not present, then the source address in the IP header is used.

•ACL destination address—matched against the destination address in the SESSION object in RSVP messages. If this object is not present, then the destination address in the IP header is used.

•ACL source port—matched against the source port in the SENDER_TEMPLATE object in RSVP messages. If this object is not present, then the source port of 0 is used.

•ACL destination port—matched against the destination port in the SESSION object in RSVP messages. If this object is not present, then the destination port of 0 is used.

•ACL IP protocol—matched against the IP protocol in the SESSION object in RSVP messages. If this object is not present, then the IP protocol of 0 is used.
If the IP protocol is for a TE session, then the ACL IP protocol should be UDP.

•ACL DSCP values—matched against the DSCP value in the IP header of the RSVP message.

Note These same match criteria apply when you create ACLs for the debug ip rsvp filter command.

An AS-based policy must have at least one AS associated with it, but it can optionally have up to eight ASes. They are matched against the incoming interface/source IP address of the originating tunnel based on RSVP objects inside RSVP signaling messages, not on the IP headers of the RSVP messages.

CLI Submodes

Once you type the ip rsvp policy local default, the ip rsvp policy local acl, or the ip rsvp policy local origin-as command, you enter the local policy CLI submode where you define the properties of the default, AS-, or ACL-based local policy that you are creating.

Note The local policy that you create automatically rejects all RSVP messages unless you enter a submode command that instructs RSVP on the types of messages to accept.

The submode commands are as follows:

accept—Accepts, but does not forward RSVP messages.

accept {all | path | path-error | resv | resv-error}

–all—Accepts all incoming RSVP messages.

–path—Accepts incoming Path messages that match the ACL(s) or AS(es) of this policy. If you omit this command, incoming Path messages that match the ACL(s) or AS(es) are rejected and a PathError message is sent in reply. However, the PathError reply is also subject to local policy.

–path-error—Accepts incoming PathError messages that match the ACL(s) or AS(es) of this policy. If you omit this command, incoming, including locally-generated, PathError messages that match the ACL(s) or AS(es) are rejected.

–resv—Accepts incoming Resv messages that match the ACL(s) or AS(es) of this policy and performs any required admission control. If you omit this command, incoming Resv messages that match the ACL(s) or AS(es) are rejected and a ResvError message is sent in reply. However, the ResvError reply is also subject to local policy.

The default bandwidth limit for a policy is unlimited. Therefore, if the policy has no configured bandwidth, a Resv message is always accepted by the local policy since any bandwidth request is less than or equal to unlimited. However, the Resv message may subsequently fail admission control if there is insufficient bandwidth in the RSVP pool on the input interface to which the Resv message applies. If the bandwidth requested by the Resv messages is too large, a ResvError message is transmitted to the Resv sender.

–resv-error—Accepts incoming ResvError messages that match the policy match criteria of this policy. If you omit this command, the incoming, including locally-generated, ResvError messages matching the ACL(s) are rejected.

•default—Sets a command to its defaults.

•exit—Exits local policy configuration mode.

•fast-reroute—Allows TE LSPs that request Fast Reroute service. The default value is accept.

•forward—Accepts and forwards RSVP messages.

forward {all | path | path-error | resv | resv-error}

–all—Accepts and forwards all RSVP messages.

–path—Accepts and forwards Path messages that match the policy match criteria of this policy. If you omit this command, Path messages matching the policy match criteria are not forwarded to the next (downstream) hop.

–path-error—Accepts and forwards PathError messages that match the policy match criteria of this policy. If you omit this command, the PathError message matching the policy match criteria are not forwarded to the previous (upstream) hop. You may want to reject outbound PathError messages if you are receiving Path messages from an untrusted node because someone could be trying to port-scan for RSVP. If you reply with a PathError message, then the untrusted node knows you support RSVP and your IP address. Such information could be used to attempt RSVP-based attacks.

–resv—Accepts and forwards Resv messages that match the policy match criteria of this policy. If you omit this command, Resv messages matching the policy match criteria are not forwarded to the previous (upstream) hop.

–resv-error—Accepts and forwards ResvError messages that match the policy match criteria of this policy. If you omit this command, the ResvError message matching the policy match criteria is not forwarded to the next (downstream) hop. You may want to reject outbound ResvError messages if you are receiving Resv messages from an untrusted node because it could be someone trying to port-scan for RSVP. If you reply with a ResvError message, then the untrusted node knows you support RSVP and your IP address. Such information could be used to attempt RSVP-based attacks.

•local-override—Overrides any other policy sources by enforcing this local policy. Finalizes any decisions by this policy. If local-override is omitted, RSVP holds on to the local policy decision to see if another local or remote policy exists that will make a decision on the RSVP message, and only if there is no other policy decision will the local policy decision be enforced.

•maximum—Sets the limits for resources.

–bandwidth [group x] [single y]—Indicates bandwidth limits for RSVP reservations. The group parameter specifies the amount of bandwidth that can be requested by all the reservations covered by this policy. The single parameter specifies the maximum bandwidth that can be requested by any specific RSVP reservation covered by this policy. The x and y values are in K bits per second and can range from 1 to 10,000,000 (similar in concept to the existing interface mode ip rsvp bandwidth command). Absence of a bandwidth command implies that there is no policy limit on bandwidth requests.

–senders n—Limits the number of RSVP senders affected by this policy that can be active at the same time on this router. The value for n ranges from 1 to 50,000 with a default of 1000.

•no—Negates a command or sets its defaults.

•preempt-priority [traffic-eng x] start-priority [hold-priority]—The x value indicates the upper limit of the priority for TE reservations. The range of x values is 0 to 7 in which the smaller the number, the higher the reservation's priority. For non-TE reservations, the range of x values is 0 to 65535 in which the higher the number, the higher the reservation's priority.

The start-priority argument indicates the priority of a reservation when it is initially installed. The optional hold-priority argument indicates the priority of a reservation after it has been installed. If omitted, it defaults to the start-priority. Values for the start-priority and hold-priority arguments range from 0 to 7 where 0 is considered the highest priority.

If the incoming message has a preemption priority that requests a priority higher than the policy allows, the message is rejected. The tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority command is used to configure preemption priority for TE tunnels.

A single policy can contain an preempt-priority traffic-eng and a preempt-priority command; which may be useful if the policy is bound to an ACL that identifies a subnet containing a mix of TE and non-TE endpoints or midpoints.

When selecting reservations for preemption, lower-priority reservations are preempted before those with higher priority. If there are multiple non-TE reservations with the same preemption priority, then the oldest reservations are selected first.

Note If you exit local policy submode without entering any submode commands, the policy you have created rejects all RSVP messages.

Examples

In the following example, any RSVP nodes in the 192.168.101.0 subnet can initiate or respond to reservation requests, but all other nodes can respond only to reservation requests. This means that any 192.168.101.x node can send and receive Path, PathError, Resv, or ResvError messages. All other nodes can send only Resv or ResvError messages.
Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# access-list 104 permit ip 192.168.101.0 0.0.0.255 any
Router(config)# ip rsvp policy local acl 104
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# forward all
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# exit
Router(config)# ip rsvp policy local default
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# forward resv
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# forward resverror
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# exit
Router(config)# ip rsvp policy local origin-as 1
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# end
In the following example, bandwidth is set for a group of senders and for a single sender:
Router# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)# ip rsvp policy local default
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# forward all
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# maximum bandwidth group 50
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# maximum bandwidth single 5
Router(config-rsvp-policy-local)# end
Related Commands

Command

Description

show ip rsvp policy

Displays the configured local policies.

show ip rsvp policy local

Displays selected local policies that have been configured.

tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority

Configures preemption priority for a TE tunnel.

show ip rsvp policy local

To display the local policies currently configured, use the show ip rsvp policy local command in EXEC mode.

show ip rsvp policy local [acl [acl] | default | origin-as [as]] [detail]
Syntax Description

acl acl

(Optional) Used when an ACL is specified. Values are 1-199.

default

(Optional) Information about the default policy.

origin-as as

(Optional) Used when an AS is specified. Values are 1-65535.

detail

(Optional) Additional information about the configured local policies including preempt-priority and local-override.

Defaults

No default behavior or values.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release

Modification

12.2(13)T

This command was introduced.

12.0(29)S

The origin-as as keyword argument combination was added and the acl argument became optional.

Usage Guidelines

Use the show ip rsvp policy local command to display information about the selected local policies currently configured.

If you omit the acl or as arguments, then all ACL- or AS-based local policies currently configured appear.

If you use the ACL or AS options, you can specify only one ACL or AS. However, that parameter can be any ACL or AS of any local policy that you have created. If you have multiple local policies with a common ACL or AS, then using the ACL or AS option displays all local policies with that ACL or AS, respectively. On the other hand, if you have created local policies each with multiple ACLs or ASes, you cannot use the ACL or AS option to show only a specific policy. You must omit the ACL or AS option and show all the local policies.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show ip rsvp policy local detail command in which ACL, ASes, and default policies have been configured:
Router# show ip rsvp policy local detail
Local policy for ACL(s): 1
    Local Override: Disabled.
    Fast ReRoute:   Accept.
                           Accept               Forward
    Path:                  Yes                  Yes
    Resv:                  Yes                  Yes
    PathError:             Yes                  Yes
    ResvError:             Yes                  Yes
Local policy for AS(es): 4
    Local Override: Disabled.
    Fast ReRoute:   Accept.
                           Accept               Forward
    Path:                  No                   No 
    Resv:                  No                   No 
    PathError:             No                   No 
    ResvError:             No                   No 
                           Current              Limit
    Senders:               0                    100  
    Group bandwidth (bps): 0                    0                   
Local policy for ACL(s): default
    Local Override: Disabled.
    Fast ReRoute:   Do not accept.
                           Accept               Forward
    Path:                  Yes                  Yes
    Resv:                  Yes                  Yes
    PathError:             Yes                  Yes
    ResvError:             Yes                  Yes
                           Current              Limit
    Senders:               0                    20   
    Group bandwidth (bps): 0                    40K                 
                           Setup Priority       Hold Priority
    TE:                    7                    7    
    Non-TE:                5                    5    
Generic policy settings:
    Default policy: Accept all
    Preemption:     Disabled
Table 1 describes the significant fields shown in the display.

Table 1 show ip rsvp policy local detail Field Descriptions

Field

Description

Local policy for ACL(s)

The local policy currently configured for a specified or a group of ACL(s).

Local Override

Overrides any remote policy by enforcing the local policy in effect. Disabled = not active; Enabled = active.

Fast Reroute

Status of Fast Reroute; Accept = messages being accepted; Do not accept = messages requesting Fast Reroute service are not being accepted.

Path, Resv, PathError, ResvError

Types of RSVP messages being accepted and forwarded. No = message not being accepted or forwarded; Yes = message being accepted and forwarded.

Local policy for AS(es)

The local policy currently configured for a specified or group of AS(es).

Local Override

Overrides any other policy sources by enforcing this local policy. Disabled = not active; enabled = active.

Senders

Current = Number of TE or non-TE sessions in effect.

Limit = Number of TE or non-TE sessions allowed.

Group bandwidth (bps)

Current = Amount of bandwidth, in K bits per second, used.

Limit = Amount of bandwidth, in K bits per second, allowed.

TE

Setup Priority = The priority of the TE reservation when it is initially installed.

Hold Priority = The priority of the TE reservation after it has been installed.

Non-TE

Setup Priority = The priority of the non-TE reservation when it is initially installed.

Hold Priority = The priority of the non-TE reservation after it has been installed.

Generic policy settings

Policy settings that are not specific to the local policy.

Default policy: Accept all means all RSVP messages are accepted and forwarded. Reject all means all RSVP messages are rejected.

Preemption: Disabled means that RSVP should not implement any preemption decisions required by a particular local or remote policy. Enabled means that RSVP should implement any preemption decisions required by a particular local or remote policy.

Related CommandsL

Command

Description

ip rsvp policy local

Creates a local procedure that determines the use of RSVP resources in a network.

Glossary

ACL—access control list. An ACL consists of individual filtering rules grouped together in a single list. It is generally used to provide security filtering, though it may be used to provide a generic packet classification facility.

AS—autonomous system. A collection of networks that share the same routing protocol and that are under the same system administration.

ASBR—autonomous system boundary router. A router that connects and exchanges information between two or more autonomous systems.

BGP—Border Gateway Protocol. The exterior border gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between routers in separate autonomous systems. BGP uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Because TCP is a reliable protocol, BGP does not experience problems with dropped or fragmented data packets.

EBGP—External Border Gateway Protocol. A BGP session between routers in different autonomous systems (ASs). When a pair of routers in different ASs are more than one IP hop away from each other, an external BGP session between those two routers is called multihop external BGP.

flow—A stream of data traveling between two endpoints across a network (for example, from one LAN station to another). Multiple flows can be transmitted on a single circuit.

IBGP—Internal Border Gateway Protocol. A BGP session between routers within the same autonomous system.

IGP—Interior Gateway Protocol. Internet protocol used to exchange routing information within an autonomous system. Examples of common Internet IGPs include IGRP, OSPF, and RIP.

latency—The delay between the time a device receives a packet and the time that packet is forwarded out the destination port.

LSP—label-switched path. A configured connection between two routers, in which MPLS is used to carry packets. A path created by the concatenation of one or more label switched hops, allowing a packet to be forwarded by swapping labels from an MPLS node to another MPLS node.

MPLS—Multiprotocol Label Switching. A method for forwarding packets (frames) through a network. MPLS enables routers at the edge of a network to apply labels to packets (frames). ATM switches or existing routers in the network core can switch packets according to the labels.

OSPF—Open Shortest Path First. A link-state hierarchical Interior Gateway Protocol routing algorithm, derived from the IS-IS protocol. OSPF features include least-cost routing, multipath routing, and load balancing.

packet—A logical grouping of information that includes a header containing control information and (usually) user data. Packets most often refer to network layer units of data.

policy—Any defined rule that determines the use of resources within the network. A policy can be based on a user, a device, a subnetwork, a network, or an application.

port scanning—The act of systematically checking a computer's ports to find an access point.

RSVP—Resource Reservation Protocol. A protocol for reserving network resources to provide quality of service guarantees to application flows.

router—A network layer device that uses one or more metrics to determine the optimal path along which network traffic should be forwarded. Routers forward packets from one network to another based on network layer information.

TE—traffic engineering. The techniques and processes used to cause routed traffic to travel through the network on a path other than the one that would have been chosen if standard routing methods had been used.

tunnel—A secure communications path between two peers, such as routers.

VoIP—Voice over IP. The ability to carry normal telephony-style voice over an IP-based Internet maintaining telephone-like functionality, reliability, and voice quality.

Note Refer to Internetworking Terms and Acronyms for terms not included in this glossary.

Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco IOS Software Releases 12.0 S

RSVP Local Policy Support

Hierarchical Navigation

Downloads

Table Of Contents

RSVP Local Policy Support

Contents

Prerequisites for RSVP Local Policy Support

Restrictions for RSVP Local Policy Support

Information About RSVP Local Policy Support

Feature Design of RSVP Local Policy Support

Benefits of RSVP Local Policy Support

How to Configure RSVP Local Policy Support

Creating an RSVP Local Policy

SUMMARY STEPS

DETAILED STEPS

Verifying RSVP Local Policy

SUMMARY STEPS

DETAILED STEPS

Examples

Sample Output for the show ip rsvp policy Command

Sample Output for the show ip rsvp policy local detail Command

Sample Output for the show ip rsvp reservation detail Command

Sample Output for the show ip rsvp sender detail Command

Configuration Examples for RSVP Local Policy Support

RSVP Local Policy Support with Match on ACL: Example

RSVP Local Policy Support with Match on AS Number: Example

Additional References

Related Documents

Standards

MIBs

RFCs

Technical Assistance

Command Reference

ip rsvp policy local

Syntax Description

Defaults

Command Modes

Command History

Usage Guidelines

Examples

Related Commands

show ip rsvp policy local

Syntax Description

Defaults

Command Modes

Command History

Usage Guidelines

Examples

Related CommandsL

Glossary

Copyright © 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Programs

Programs

Programs

Programs