Table Of Contents
Configuring Routing between VLANs with ISL Encapsulation
Overview of Inter-Switch Link Protocol
Frame Tagging in ISL
ISL Encapsulation Configuration Task List
Configure AppleTalk Routing over ISL
Enable AppleTalk Routing
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
Configure AppleTalk on the Subinterface
Configure Banyan VINES Routing over ISL
Enable Banyan VINES Routing
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
Configure Banyan VINES on the Subinterface
Configure DECnet Routing over ISL
Enable DECnet Routing
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
Configure DECnet on the Subinterface
Configure Hot Standby Router Protocol over ISL
Define the Encapsulation Format
Define the IP Address
Enable HSRP
Configure IP Routing over Token Ring ISL (TRISL)
Enable IP Routing
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
Assign IP Address to Network Interface
Configure IPX Routing over ISL
Enable NetWare Routing
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
Configure NetWare on the Subinterface
Configure IPX Routing over Token Ring ISL (TRISL)
Enable NetWare Routing
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
Configure NetWare on the Subinterface
Configure VIP Distributed Switching over ISL
Enable IP Routing
Enable VIP Distributed Switching
Configure ISL Encapsulation on the Subinterface
Configure XNS Routing over ISL
Enable XNS Routing
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
Configure XNS on the Subinterface
ISL Encapsulation Configuration Examples
AppleTalk Routing over ISL Configuration Examples
Banyan VINES Routing over ISL Configuration Example
DECnet Routing over ISL Configuration Example
HSRP over ISL Configuration Example
IP Routing with RIF between TrBRF VLANs
IP Routing between a TRISL VLAN and an Ethernet ISL VLAN
IPX Routing over ISL Configuration Example
Routing with RIF between a TRISL VLAN and a Token Ring Interface
VIP Distributed Switching over ISL Configuration Example
XNS Routing over ISL Configuration Example
Configuring Routing between VLANs with ISL Encapsulation
This chapter describes the Inter-Switch Link (ISL) protocol and provides guidelines for configuring ISL and Token Ring ISL (TRISL) features. For a complete description of the commands used to configure routing between VLANs using ISL encapsulation, refer to the Cisco IOS Switching Services Command Reference. To locate documentation of other commands that appear in this chapter, use the master index or search online.
Overview of Inter-Switch Link Protocol
Inter-Switch Link (ISL) is a Cisco protocol for interconnecting multiple switches and maintaining VLAN information as traffic goes between switches. ISL provides VLAN capabilities while maintaining full wire speed performance on Fast Ethernet links in full- or half-duplex mode. ISL operates in a point-to-point environment and will support up to 1000 VLANs. You can define virtually as many logical networks as are necessary for your environment.
This chapter describes how to configure routing between VLANs using ISL encapsulation.
Frame Tagging in ISL
With ISL, an Ethernet frame is encapsulated with a header that transports VLAN IDs between switches and routers. A 26-byte header that contains a 10-bit VLAN ID is prepended to the Ethernet frame.
A VLAN ID is added to the frame only when the frame is destined for a non-local network. illustrates VLAN packets traversing the shared backbone. Each VLAN packet carries the VLAN ID within the packet header.
Figure 18 VLAN packets Traversing the Shared Backbone
ISL Encapsulation Configuration Task List
You can configure routing between any number of VLANs in your network. This section documents the configuration tasks for each protocol supported with ISL encapsulation. The basic process is the same, regardless of the protocol being routed. It involves
•
Enabling the protocol on the router.
•
Enabling the protocol on the interface.
•
Defining the encapsulation format as ISL or TRISL.
•
Customizing the protocol according to the requirements for your environment.
The configuration processes documented in this chapter include the following:
•
Configure AppleTalk Routing over ISL
•
Configure Banyan VINES Routing over ISL
•
Configure DECnet Routing over ISL
•
Configure Hot Standby Router Protocol over ISL
•
Configure IP Routing over Token Ring ISL (TRISL)
•
Configure IPX Routing over Token Ring ISL (TRISL)
•
Configure VIP Distributed Switching over ISL
•
Configure XNS Routing over ISL
Refer to the "ISL Encapsulation Configuration Examples" section at the end of this chapter for sample configurations.
Configure AppleTalk Routing over ISL
AppleTalk can be routed over virtual LAN (VLAN) subinterfaces using the ISL and IEEE 802.10 VLAN encapsulation protocols. The AppleTalk Routing over ISL and IEEE 802.10 Virtual LANs feature provides full-feature Cisco IOS software AppleTalk support on a per-VLAN basis, allowing standard AppleTalk capabilities to be configured on VLANs.
To route AppleTalk over ISL or IEEE 802.10 between VLANs, you need to customize the subinterface to create the environment in which it will be used. Perform these tasks in the order in which they appear:
•
Enable AppleTalk Routing
•
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
•
Configure AppleTalk on the Subinterface
Enable AppleTalk Routing
To enable AppleTalk routing on either ISL or 802.10 interfaces, use this command in global configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
appletalk routing [eigrp router-number]
|
Enable AppleTalk routing globally.
|
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
To define the VLAN encapsulation format as either ISL or 802.10, use the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Step
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
1
|
interface type slot/port.subinterface-number
|
Specify the subinterface the VLAN will use.
|
2
|
encapsulation isl vlan-identifier
encapsulation sde said
|
Define the encapsulation format as either ISL (isl) or IEEE 802.10 (sde), and specify the VLAN identifier or security association identifier, respectively.
|
Configure AppleTalk on the Subinterface
After you enable AppleTalk globally and define the encapsulation format, you need to enable it on the subinterface by specifying the cable range and naming the AppleTalk zone for each interface. To enable the AppleTalk protocol on the subinterface, use the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
appletalk cable-range cable-range [network.node]
|
Assign the AppleTalk cable range and zone for the subinterface.
|
appletalk zone zone-name
|
Assign the AppleTalk zone for the subinterface.
|
Configure Banyan VINES Routing over ISL
Banyan VINES can be routed over virtual LAN (VLAN) subinterfaces using the ISL encapsulation protocol. The Banyan VINES Routing over ISL Virtual LANs feature provides full-feature Cisco IOS software Banyan VINES support on a per-VLAN basis, allowing standard Banyan VINES capabilities to be configured on VLANs.
To route Banyan VINES over ISL between VLANs, you need to configure ISL encapsulation on the subinterface. Perform these tasks in the order in which they appear:
•
Enable Banyan VINES Routing
•
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
•
Configure Banyan VINES on the Subinterface
Enable Banyan VINES Routing
To begin the VINES routing configuration, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
|
|
Enable Banyan VINES routing globally.
|
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
To define the VINES routing encapsulation format, use the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Step
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
1
|
interface type slot/port.subinterface-number
|
Specify the subinterface on which ISL will be used.
|
2
|
encapsulation isl vlan-identifier
|
Define the encapsulation format as ISL (isl), and specify the VLAN identifier.
|
Configure Banyan VINES on the Subinterface
After you enable Banyan VINES globally and define the encapsulation format, you need to enable VINES on the subinterface by specifying the VINES routing metric. To enable the Banyan VINES protocol on the subinterface, use the following command in interface configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
vines metric [whole [fractional]]
|
Enable VINES routing on an interface.
|
Configure DECnet Routing over ISL
DECnet can be routed over virtual LAN (VLAN) subinterfaces using the ISL VLAN encapsulation protocols. The DECnet Routing over ISL Virtual LANs feature provides full-feature Cisco IOS software DECnet support on a per-VLAN basis, allowing standard DECnet capabilities to be configured on VLANs.
To route DECnet over ISL VLAN you need to configure ISL encapsulation on the subinterface. Perform these tasks in the order in which they appear.
•
Enable DECnet Routing
•
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
•
Configure DECnet on the Subinterface
Enable DECnet Routing
To begin the DECnet routing configuration, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
|
|
Enable DECnet on the router.
|
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
To define the encapsulation format, use the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Step
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
1
|
interface type slot/port.subinterface-number
|
Specify the subinterface on which ISL will be used.
|
2
|
encapsulation isl vlan_identifier
|
Define the encapsulation format as ISL (isl), and specify the VLAN identifier.
|
Configure DECnet on the Subinterface
To configure DECnet routing on the subinterface, use the following command in interface configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
decnet cost [cost-value]
|
Enable DECnet routing on an interface.
|
Configure Hot Standby Router Protocol over ISL
The Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) provides fault tolerance and enhanced routing performance for IP networks. HSRP allows Cisco IOS routers to monitor each other's operational status and very quickly assume packet forwarding responsibility in the event the current forwarding device in the HSRP group fails or is taken down for maintenance. The standby mechanism remains transparent to the attached hosts and can be deployed on any LAN type. With multiple hot-standby groups, routers can simultaneously provide redundant backup and perform load-sharing across different IP subnets. illustrates HSRP in use with ISL providing routing between several VLANs.
Figure 19 Hot Standby Router Protocol in VLAN Configurations
A separate HSRP group is configured for each VLAN subnet so that Cisco IOS router A can be the primary and forwarding router for VLANs 10 and 20. At the same time, it acts as backup for VLANs 30 and 40. Conversely, Router B acts as the primary and forwarding router for ISL VLANs 30 and 40, as well as the secondary and backup router for distributed VLAN subnets 10 and 20.
Running HSRP over ISL allows users to configure redundancy between multiple routers that are configured as front ends for VLAN IP subnets. By configuring HSRP over ISLs, users can eliminate situations in which a single point of failure causes traffic interruptions. This feature inherently provides some improvement in overall networking resilience by providing load balancing and redundancy capabilities between subnets and VLANs.
To configure HSRP over ISLs between VLANs, you need to create the environment in which it will be used. Perform these tasks in the order in which they appear.
•
Define the Encapsulation Format
•
Define the IP Address
•
Enable HSRP
Define the Encapsulation Format
To define the encapsulation format as ISL, use the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Step
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
1
|
interface type slot/port.subinterface-number
|
Specify the subinterface on which ISL will be used.
|
2
|
encapsulation isl vlan-identifier
|
Define the encapsulation format, and specify the VLAN identifier.
|
Define the IP Address
After you have specified the encapsulation format, define the IP address over which HSRP will be routed. Use the following command in interface configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
ip address ip-address mask [secondary]
|
Specify the IP address for the subnet on which ISL will be used.
|
Enable HSRP
To enable HSRP on an interface, enable the protocol, then customize it for the interface. Use the following command in interface configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
standby [group-number] ip [ip-address [secondary]]
|
Enable HSRP.
|
To customize "hot standby" group attributes, use one or more of the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
standby [group-number] timers hellotime holdtime
|
Configure the time between hello packets and the hold time before other routers declare the active router to be down.
|
standby [group-number] priority priority
|
Set the hot standby priority used to choose the active router.
|
standby [group-number] preempt
|
Specify that if the local router has priority over the current active router, the local router should attempt to take its place as the active router.
|
standby [group-number] track type-number [interface-priority]
|
Configure the interface to track other interfaces, so that if one of the other interfaces goes down, the hot standby priority for the device is lowered.
|
standby [group-number] authentication string
|
Select an authentication string to be carried in all HSRP messages.
|
Configure IP Routing over Token Ring ISL (TRISL)
The IP routing over TRISL VLANs feature extends IP routing capabilities to include support for routing IP frame types in VLAN configurations.
Enable IP Routing
IP routing is automatically enabled in the Cisco IOS software for routers. To reenable IP routing if it has been disabled, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
ip routing
|
Enable IP routing on the router.
|
Once you have IP routing enabled on the router, you can customize the characteristics to suit your environment. If necessary, refer to the IP configuration chapters in the Network Protocols Configuration Guide, Part 1 for guidelines on configuring IP.
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
To define the encapsulation format as TRISL, use the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Step
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
1
|
interface type slot/port.subinterface-number
|
Specify the subinterface on which TRISL will be used.
|
2
|
encapsulation tr-isl trbrf-vlan vlanid bridge-num bridge-number
|
Define the encapsulation for TRISL.
|
The DRiP database is automatically enabled when TRISL encapsulation is configured, and at least one TrBRF is defined, and the interface is configured for SRB or for routing with RIF.
Assign IP Address to Network Interface
An interface can have one primary IP address. To assign a primary IP address and a network mask to a network interface, use the following command in interface configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
ip address ip-address mask
|
Set a primary IP address for an interface.
|
A mask identifies the bits that denote the network number in an IP address. When you use the mask to subnet a network, the mask is then referred to as a subnet mask.
Note
TRISL encapsulation must be specified for a subinterface before an IP address can be assigned to that subinterface.
Configure IPX Routing over ISL
The IPX Routing over ISL Virtual LANs (VLANs) feature extends Novell NetWare routing capabilities to include support for routing all standard IPX encapsulations for Ethernet frame types in VLAN configurations. Users with Novell NetWare environments can now configure any one of the four IPX Ethernet encapsulations to be routed using the Inter-Switch Link (ISL) encapsulation across VLAN boundaries. IPX encapsulation options now supported for VLAN traffic include
•
novell-ether (Novell Ethernet_802.3)
•
sap (Novell Ethernet_802.2)
•
arpa (Novell Ethernet_II)
•
snap (Novell Ethernet_Snap)
NetWare users can now configure consolidated VLAN routing over a single VLAN trunking interface. With configurable Ethernet encapsulation protocols, users have the flexibility of using VLANs regardless of their NetWare Ethernet encapsulation. Configuring Novell IPX encapsulations on a per-VLAN basis facilitates migration between version of Netware. NetWare traffic can now be routed across VLAN boundaries with standard encapsulation options (arpa, sap, and snap) previously unavailable. Encapsulation types and corresponding framing types are described in the "Configuring Novell IPX" chapter of the Network Protocols Configuration Guide, Part 2.
Note
Restrictions - Only one type of IPX encapsulation can be configured per VLAN (subinterface). The IPX encapsulation used must be the same within any particular subnet: a single encapsulation must be used by all NetWare systems that belong to the same virtual LAN.
To configure Cisco IOS software on a router with connected VLANs to exchange different IPX framing protocols, perform these tasks in the order in which they are appear:
•
Enable NetWare Routing
•
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
•
Configure NetWare on the Subinterface
Enable NetWare Routing
To enable IPX routing on ISL interfaces, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
ipx routing [node]
|
Enable IPX routing globally.
|
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
To define the encapsulation format as ISL, use the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Step
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
1
|
interface type slot/port.subinterface-number
|
Specify the subinterface on which ISL will be used.
|
2
|
encapsulation isl vlan-identifier
|
Define the encapsulation format and specify the VLAN identifier.
|
Configure NetWare on the Subinterface
After you enable NetWare globally and define the VLAN encapsulation format, you need to enable the subinterface by specifying the NetWare network number (if necessary) and the encapsulation type. Use this command in interface configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
ipx network network encapsulation encapsulation-type
|
Specify the IPX encapsulation.
|
Note
The default IPX encapsulation format for Cisco IOS routers is "novell-ether" (Novell Ethernet_802.3). If you are running Novell Netware 3.12 or 4.0, the new Novell default encapsulation format is Novell Ethernet_802.2 and you should configure the Cisco router with the IPX encapsulation format "sap."
Configure IPX Routing over Token Ring ISL (TRISL)
The IPX Routing over ISL VLANs feature extends Novell NetWare routing capabilities to include support for routing all standard IPX encapsulations for Ethernet frame types in VLAN configurations. Users with Novell NetWare environments can configure either SAP or SNAP encapsulations to be routed using the TRISL encapsulation across VLAN boundaries. The SAP (Novell Ethernet_802.2) IPX encapsulation is supported for VLAN traffic.
NetWare users can now configure consolidated VLAN routing over a single VLAN trunking interface. With configurable Ethernet encapsulation protocols, users have the flexibility of using VLANs regardless of their NetWare Ethernet encapsulation. Configuring Novell IPX encapsulations on a per-VLAN basis facilitates migration between versions of Netware. NetWare traffic can now be routed across VLAN boundaries with standard encapsulation options (sap and snap) previously unavailable. Encapsulation types and corresponding framing types are described in the "Configuring Novell IPX" chapter of the Network Protocols Configuration Guide, Part 2.
Note
Only one type of IPX encapsulation can be configured per VLAN (subinterface). The IPX encapsulation used must be the same within any particular subnet: A single encapsulation must be used by all NetWare systems that belong to the same LANs.
To configure Cisco IOS software to exchange different IPX framing protocols on a router with connected VLANs, use these commands in the order in which they appear.
Enable NetWare Routing
To enable IPX routing on TRISL interfaces, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
ipx routing [node]
|
Enable IPX routing globally.
|
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
To define the encapsulation format as TRISL, use the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Step
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
1
|
interface type slot/port.subinterface-number
|
Specify the subinterface on which TRISL will be used.
|
2
|
encapsulation tr-isl trbrf-vlan trbrf-vlan bridge-num bridge-num
|
Define the encapsulation for TRISL.
|
Configure NetWare on the Subinterface
After you enable NetWare globally and define the VLAN encapsulation format, you need to enable the subinterface by specifying the NetWare network number (if necessary) and the encapsulation type. Use the following command in interface configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
ipx network network encapsulation encapsulation-type
|
Specify the IPX encapsulation.
|
Note
The default IPX encapsulation format for Cisco IOS routers is "novell-ether" (Novell Ethernet_802.3). If you are running Novell Netware 3.12 or 4.0, the new Novell default encapsulation format is Novell Ethernet_802.2 and you should configure the Cisco router with the IPX encapsulation format "sap".
Configure VIP Distributed Switching over ISL
With the introduction of the VIP Distributed ISL feature, Inter-Switch Link (ISL) encapsulated IP packets can be switched on Versatile Interface Processor (VIP) controllers installed on Cisco 7500 series routers.
The second generation Versatile Interface Processor (VIP2) provides distributed switching of IP encapsulated in ISL in VLAN configurations. Where an aggregation route performs inter-VLAN routing for multiple VLANs, traffic can be switched autonomously on-card or between cards rather than through the central Route Switch Processor (RSP). shows the VIP distributed architecture of the Cisco 7500 series router.
Figure 20 Cisco 7500 Distributed Architecture
This distributed architecture allows incremental capacity increases by installing additional VIP cards. Using VIP cards for switching the majority of IP VLAN traffic in multiprotocol environments significantly increases routing performance for the other protocols since the RSP off-loads IP and can then be dedicated to switching the non-IP protocols.
VIP distributed switching offloads switching of ISL VLAN IP traffic to the VIP card, removing involvement from the main CPU. Offloading ISL traffic to the VIP card, significantly improves networking performance. Because you can install multiple VIP cards in a router, VLAN routing capacity is increased linearly according to the number of VIP cards installed in the router.
To configure distributed switching on the VIP, you must first configure the router for IP routing. Perform these tasks in the order in which they appear:
•
Enable IP Routing
•
Enable VIP Distributed Switching
•
Configure ISL Encapsulation on the Subinterface
Enable IP Routing
To enable IP routing, use the following command in global configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
ip routing
|
Enable IP routing on the router.
|
Once you have IP routing enabled on the router, you can customize the characteristics to suit your environment. Refer to the IP configuration chapters in the Network Protocols Configuration Guide, Part 1 for guidelines on configuring IP.
Enable VIP Distributed Switching
To enable VIP distributed switching, use the following commands beginning in interface configuration mode:
Step
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
1
|
interface type slot/port-adapter/port
|
Specify the interface, and enter interface configuration mode.
|
2
|
ip route-cache distributed
|
Enable VIP distributed switching of IP packets on the interface.
|
Configure ISL Encapsulation on the Subinterface
To configure ISL encapsulation on the subinterface, use the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Step
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
1
|
interface type slot/port-adapter/port
|
Specify the interface, and enter interface configuration mode.
|
2
|
encapsulation isl vlan-identifier
|
Define the encapsulation format as ISL and specify the VLAN identifier.
|
Configure XNS Routing over ISL
XNS can be routed over virtual LAN (VLAN) subinterfaces using the ISL VLAN encapsulation protocol. The XNS Routing over ISL Virtual LANs feature provides full-feature Cisco IOS software XNS support on a per-VLAN basis, allowing standard XNS capabilities to be configured on VLANs.
To route XNS over ISL VLANs you need to configure ISL encapsulation on the subinterface. Perform these tasks in the order in which they appear:
•
Enable XNS Routing
•
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
•
Configure XNS on the Subinterface
Enable XNS Routing
Begin the XNS routing configuration by using the following commands in global configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
|
|
Enable XNS routing globally.
|
Define the VLAN Encapsulation Format
To define the VLAN encapsulation format, use the following commands in interface configuration mode:
Step
|
Command
|
Purpose
|
1
|
interface type slot/port.subinterface-number
|
Specify the subinterface on which ISL will be used.
|
2
|
encapsulation isl vlan-identifier
|
Define the encapsulation format as ISL (isl), and specify the VLAN identifier.
|
Configure XNS on the Subinterface
Enable XNS on the subinterface by specifying the XNS network number. Use the following command in interface configuration mode:
Command
|
Purpose
|
xns network [number]
|
Enable XNS routing on the subinterface.
|
ISL Encapsulation Configuration Examples
This section provides configuration examples for each of the protocols described in this chapter. It includes these examples:
•
AppleTalk Routing over ISL Configuration Examples
•
Banyan VINES Routing over ISL Configuration Example
•
DECnet Routing over ISL Configuration Example
•
HSRP over ISL Configuration Example
•
IP Routing with RIF between TrBRF VLANs
•
IP Routing between a TRISL VLAN and an Ethernet ISL VLAN
•
IPX Routing over ISL Configuration Example
•
Routing with RIF between a TRISL VLAN and a Token Ring Interface
•
VIP Distributed Switching over ISL Configuration Example
•
XNS Routing over ISL Configuration Example
AppleTalk Routing over ISL Configuration Examples
The configuration example illustrated in shows AppleTalk being routed between different ISL and IEEE 802.10 VLAN encapsulating subinterfaces.
Figure 21 Routing AppleTalk over VLAN encapsulations
As shown in , AppleTalk traffic is routed to and from switched VLAN domains 3, 4, 100, and 200 to any other AppleTalk routing interface. This example shows a sample configuration file for the Cisco 7500 series router with the commands entered to configure the network shown in .
Configuration for the Cisco 7500 Router
appletalk cable-range 100-100 100.2
appletalk cable-range 200-200 200.2
interface FastEthernet 2/0.3
appletalk cable-range 3-3 3.2
interface FastEthernet 2/0.4
appletalk cable-range 4-4 4.2
Banyan VINES Routing over ISL Configuration Example
To configure routing of the Banyan VINES protocol over ISL trunks, you need to define ISL as the encapsulation type. This example shows Banyan VINES configured to be routed over an ISL trunk:
Example Banyan VINES Configuration
interface fastethernet 0.1
DECnet Routing over ISL Configuration Example
To configure routing the DECnet protocol over ISL trunks, you need to define ISL as the encapsulation type. This example shows DECnet configured to be routed over an ISL trunk:
Example DECnet Configuration
interface fastethernet 1/0.1
HSRP over ISL Configuration Example
The configuration example shown in shows HSRP being used on two VLAN routers sending traffic to and from ISL VLANs through a Catalyst 5000 switch. Each router forwards its own traffic and acts as a standby for the other.
Figure 22 Hot Standby Router Protocol Sample Configuration
The topology shown in illustrates a Cisco Catalyst VLAN switch supporting Fast Ethernet connections to two routers running HSRP. Both routers are configured to route HSRP over ISLs.
The standby conditions are determined by the standby commands used in the configuration. Traffic from Host 1 is forwarded through Router A. Because the priority for the group is higher, Router A is the active router for Host 1. Because the priority for the group serviced by Host 2 is higher in Router B, traffic from Host 2 is forwarded through Router B, making Router B its active router.
In the configuration shown in , if the active router becomes unavailable, the standby router assumes active status for the additional traffic and automatically routes the traffic normally handled by the router that has become unavailable.
Host 1 Configuration
ip address 110.1.1.25 255.255.255.0
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 110.1.1.101
Host 2 Configuration
ip address 110.1.1.27 255.255.255.0
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 110.1.1.102
Router A Configuration
interface FastEthernet 1/1.110
ip address 110.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
Router B Configuration
interface FastEthernet 1/1.110
ip address 110.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
VLAN Switch Configuration
IP Routing with RIF between TrBRF VLANs
illustrates IP routing with RIF between two TrBRF VLANs.
Figure 23
IP Routing with RIF between TrBRF VLANs
The following is the configuration for the router:
interface FastEthernet4/0.1
ip address 5.5.5.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation tr-isl trbrf-vlan 999 bridge-num 14
multiring trcrf-vlan 200 ring 100
interface FastEthernet4/0.2
ip address 4.4.4.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation tr-isl trbrf-vlan 998 bridge-num 13
multiring trcrf-vlan 300 ring 101
The following is the configuration for the Catalyst 5000 switch with the Token Ring switch module in slot 5. In this configuration, the Token Ring port 102 is assigned with TrCRF VLAN 40 and the Token Ring port 103 is assigned with TrCRF VLAN 50.
set set tokenring reduction enable
set tokenring distrib-crf disable
set vlan 999 name trbrf type trbrf bridge 0xe stp ieee
set vlan 200 name trcrf200 type trcrf parent 999 ring 0x64 mode srb
set vlan 40 name trcrf40 type trcrf parent 999 ring 0x66 mode srb
set vlan 998 name trbrf type trbrf bridge 0xd stp ieee
set vlan 300 name trcrf300 type trcrf parent 998 ring 0x65 mode srb
set vlan 50 name trcrf50 type trcrf parent 998 ring 0x67 mode srb
#add token port to trcrf 40
#add token port to trcrf 50
IP Routing between a TRISL VLAN and an Ethernet ISL VLAN
illustrates IP routing between a TRISL VLAN and an Ethernet ISL VLAN.
Figure 24
IP Routing between a TRISL VLAN and an Ethernet ISL VLAN
The following is the configuration for the router:
interface FastEthernet4/0.1
ip address 5.5.5.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation tr-isl trbrf-vlan 999 bridge-num 14
multiring trcrf-vlan 20 ring 100
interface FastEthernet4/0.2
ip address 4.4.4.1 255.255.255.0
IPX Routing over ISL Configuration Example
shows IPX interior encapsulations configured over ISL encapsulation in VLAN configurations. Note that three different IPX encapsulation formats are used. VLAN 20 uses sap encapsulation, VLAN 30 uses arpa, and VLAN 70 uses novell-ether encapsulation. Prior to the introduction of this feature, only the default encapsulation format, "novell-ether," was available for routing IPX over ISLlinks in VLANs.
Figure 25 Configurable IPX Encapsulations Routed over ISL in VLAN Configurations
VLAN 20 Configuration
interface FastEthernet 2/0
interface FastEthernet 2/0.20
ipx network 20 encapsulation sap
VLAN 30 Configuration
interface FastEthernet 2/0
interface FastEthernet 2/0.30
ipx network 30 encapsulation arpa
VLAN 70
interface FastEthernet 3/0
ipx network 70 encapsulation novell-ether
Routing with RIF between a TRISL VLAN and a Token Ring Interface
illustrates routing with RIF between a TRISL VLAN and a Token Ring interface.
Figure 26
Routing with RIF Between a TRISL VLAN and a Token Ring Interface
The following is the configuration for the router:
source-bridge ring-group 100
ip address 4.4.4.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet4/0.1
ip address 5.5.5.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation tr-isl trbrf 999 bridge-num 14
multiring trcrf-vlan 200 ring-group 100
The following is the configuration for the Catalyst 5000 switch with the Token Ring switch module in slot 5. In this configuration, the Token Ring port 1 is assigned to the TrCRF VLAN 40.
set set tokenring reduction enable
set tokenring distrib-crf disable
set vlan 999 name trbrf type trbrf bridge 0xe stp ieee
set vlan 200 name trcrf200 type trcrf parent 999 ring 0x64 mode srt
set vlan 40 name trcrf40 type trcrf parent 999 ring 0x1 mode srt
#add token port to trcrf 40
VIP Distributed Switching over ISL Configuration Example
illustrates a topology in which Catalyst VLAN switches are connected to routers forwarding traffic from a number of ISL VLANs. With the VIP distributed ISL capability in the Cisco 7500 series router, each VIP card can route ISL-encapsulated VLAN IP traffic. The inter-VLAN routing capacity is increased linearly by the packet-forwarding capability of each VIP card.
Figure 27 VIP Distributed ISL VLAN Traffic
In , the VIP cards forward the traffic between ISL VLANs or any other routing interface. Traffic from any VLAN can be routed to any of the other VLANs, regardless of which VIP card receives the traffic.
These commands show the configuration for each of the VLANs shown in :
interface FastEthernet1/0/0
ip address 20.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip route-cache distributed
interface FastEthernet1/0/0.1
ip address 22.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet1/0/0.2
ip address 22.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet1/0/0.3
ip address 22.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet1/1/0
ip route-cache distributed
interface FastEthernet1/1/0.1
ip address 77.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface Fast Ethernet 2/0/0
ip address 30.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip route-cache distributed
interface FastEthernet2/0/0.5
ip address 33.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet2/1/0
ip address 40.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip route-cache distributed
interface FastEthernet2/1/0.6
ip address 44.1.6.1 255.255.255.0
interface FastEthernet2/1/0.7
ip address 44.1.7.1 255.255.255.0
XNS Routing over ISL Configuration Example
To configure routing of the XNS protocol over ISL trunks, you need to define ISL as the encapsulation type. This example shows XNS configured to be routed over an ISL trunk.
Example XNS Configuration
xns routing 0123.4567.adcb
interface fastethernet 1/0.1