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Contents
- Cisco IOS Login Enhancements-Login Block
- Finding Feature Information
- Information About Cisco IOS Login Enhancements
- Protecting Against Denial of Service and Dictionary Login Attacks
- Login Enhancements Functionality Overview
- Delays Between Successive Login Attempts
- Login Shutdown If DoS Attacks Are Suspected
- How to Configure Cisco IOS Login Enhancements
- Configuring Login Parameters
- Configuration Examples for Login Parameters
- Setting Login Parameters Example
- Showing login Parameters Example
- Additional References
- Feature Information for Cisco IOS Login Enhancements-Login Block
Cisco IOS Login Enhancements-Login Block
The Cisco IOS Login Enhancements (Login Block) feature allows users to enhance the security of a router by configuring options to automatically block further login attempts when a possible denial-of-service (DoS) attack is detected.
The login block and login delay options introduced by this feature can be configured for Telnet or SSH virtual connections. By enabling this feature, you can slow down "dictionary attacks" by enforcing a "quiet period" if multiple failed connection attempts are detected, thereby protecting the routing device from a type of denial-of-service attack.
Finding Feature Information
Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest feature information and caveats, see the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the Feature Information Table at the end of this document.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
Information About Cisco IOS Login Enhancements
- Protecting Against Denial of Service and Dictionary Login Attacks
- Login Enhancements Functionality Overview
Protecting Against Denial of Service and Dictionary Login Attacks
Connecting to a routing device for the purposes of administering (managing) the device, at either the User or Executive level, is most frequently performed using Telnet or SSH (secure shell) from a remote console (such as a PC). SSH provides a more secure connection option because communication traffic between the user's device and the managed device are encrypted. The Login Block capability, when enabled, applies to both Telnet connections and SSH connections. Beginning in Release versions 12.3(33)SRB2, 12.2(33)SXH2, and 12.4(15)T1, the Login Block capability also applies to HTTP connections."
The automated activation and logging of the Login Block and Quiet Period capabilities introduced by this feature are designed to further enhance the security of your devices by specifically addressing two well known methods that individuals use to attempt to disrupt or compromise network devices.
If the connection address of a device is discovered and is reachable, a malicious user may attempt to interfere with the normal operations of the device by flooding it with connection requests. This type of attack is referred to as an attempted Denial-of-Service, because it is possible that the device may become too busy trying to process the repeated login connection attempts to properly handle normal routing services or are not able to provide the normal login service to legitimate system administrators.
The primary intention of a dictionary attack, unlike a typical DoS attack, is to actually gain administrative access to the device. A dictionary attack is an automated process to attempt to login by attempting thousands, or even millions, of username/password combinations. (This type of attack is called a "dictionary attack" because it typically uses, as a start, every word found in a typical dictionary as a possible password.) As scripts or programs are used to attempt this access, the profile for such attempts is typically the same as for DoS attempts; multiple login attempts in a short period of time.
By enabling a detection profile, the routing device can be configured to react to repeated failed login attempts by refusing further connection request (login blocking). This block can be configured for a period of time, called a "quiet period". Legitimate connection attempts can still be permitted during a quiet period by configuring an access-list (ACL) with the addresses that you know to be associated with system administrators.
Login Enhancements Functionality Overview
Delays Between Successive Login Attempts
A Cisco IOS device can accept virtual connections as fast as they can be processed. Introducing a delay between login attempts helps to protect the Cisco IOS software-based device against malicious login connections such as dictionary attacks and DoS attacks. Delays can be enabled in one of the following ways:
- Through the auto secure command. If you enable the AutoSecure feature, the default login delay time of one second is automatically enforced.
- Through the login block-for command. You must enter this command before issuing the login delay command. If you enter only the login block-for command, the default login delay time of one second is automatically enforced.
- Through the new global configuration mode command, login delay, which allows you to specify login delay time to be enforced, in seconds.
Login Shutdown If DoS Attacks Are Suspected
If the configured number of connection attempts fail within a specified time period, the Cisco IOS device does not accept any additional connections for a "quiet period." (Hosts that are permitted by a predefined access-control list [ACL] are excluded from the quiet period.)
The number of failed connection attempts that trigger the quiet period can be specified through the new global configuration mode command login block-for. The predefined ACL that is excluded from the quiet period can be specified through the new global configuration mode command login quiet-mode access-class.
This functionality is disabled by default, and it is not enabled if AutoSecure if enabled.
How to Configure Cisco IOS Login Enhancements
Configuring Login Parameters
Use this task to configure your Cisco IOS device for login parameters that help detect suspected DoS attacks and slow down dictionary attacks.
All login parameters are disabled by default. You must issue the login block-for command, which enables default login functionality, before using any other login commands. After the login block-for command is enabled, the following defaults are enforced:
- A default login delay of one second
- All login attempts made through Telnet or SSH are denied during the quiet period; that is, no ACLs are exempt from the login period until the login quiet-mode access-class command is issued.
DETAILED STEPS
Configuration Examples for Login Parameters
Setting Login Parameters Example
The following example shows how to configure your router to enter a 100 second quiet period if 15 failed login attempts is exceeded within 100 seconds; all login requests are denied during the quiet period except hosts from the ACL "myacl."
Router(config)# login block-for 100 attempts 15 within 100 Router(config)# login quiet-mode access-class myacl
Showing login Parameters Example
The following sample output from the show login command verifies that no login parameters have been specified:
Router# show login
No login delay has been applied.
No Quiet-Mode access list has been configured.
All successful login is logged and generate SNMP traps.
All failed login is logged and generate SNMP traps
Router NOT enabled to watch for login Attacks
The following sample output from the show login command verifies that the login block-forcommand is issued. In this example, the command is configured to block login hosts for 100 seconds if 16 or more login requests fail within 100 seconds; five login requests have already failed.
Router# show login
A default login delay of 1 seconds is applied.
No Quiet-Mode access list has been configured.
All successful login is logged and generate SNMP traps.
All failed login is logged and generate SNMP traps.
Router enabled to watch for login Attacks.
If more than 15 login failures occur in 100 seconds or less, logins will be disabled for 100 seconds.
Router presently in Watch-Mode, will remain in Watch-Mode for 95 seconds.
Present login failure count 5.
The following sample output from the show login command verifies that the router is in quiet mode. In this example, the login block-for command was configured to block login hosts for 100 seconds if 3 or more login requests fail within 100 seconds.
Router# show login
A default login delay of 1 seconds is applied.
No Quiet-Mode access list has been configured.
All successful login is logged and generate SNMP traps.
All failed login is logged and generate SNMP traps.
Router enabled to watch for login Attacks.
If more than 2 login failures occur in 100 seconds or less, logins will be disabled for 100 seconds.
Router presently in Quiet-Mode, will remain in Quiet-Mode for 93 seconds.
Denying logins from all sources.
The following sample output from show login failures command shows all failed login attempts on the router:
Router# show login failures
Information about login failure's with the device
Username Source IPAddr lPort Count TimeStamp
try1 10.1.1.1 23 1 21:52:49 UTC Sun Mar 9 2003
try2 10.1.1.2 23 1 21:52:52 UTC Sun Mar 9 2003
The following sample output from show login failures command verifies that no information is presently logged:
Router# show login failures
*** No logged failed login attempts with the device.***
Additional References
Technical Assistance
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Description |
Link |
|---|---|
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The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. |
Feature Information for Cisco IOS Login Enhancements-Login Block
The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.
Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/go/cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
| Table 1 | Feature Information for Cisco IOS Login Enhancements (Login Block) |
|
Feature Name |
Releases |
Feature Information |
|---|---|---|
|
Cisco IOS Login Enhancements (Login Block) |
12.3(4)T 12.2(25)S 12.2(33)SRA 12.2(33)SRB 12.2(33)SXH 12.4(15)T1 |
The Cisco IOS Login Enhancements (Login Block) feature allows users to enhance the security of a router by configuring options to automatically block further login attempts when a possible DoS attack is detected. This feature was introduced in Cisco IOS Release 12.3(4)T. This feature was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(25)S. This feature was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SRA. Support for HTTP login blocking was integrated into Cisco IOS Release 12.2(33)SRB, 12.2(33)SXH, 12.4(15)T1. |
Cisco and the Cisco logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Cisco and/or its affiliates in the U.S. and other countries. To view a list of Cisco trademarks, go to this URL: www.cisco.com/go/trademarks. Third-party trademarks mentioned are the property of their respective owners. The use of the word partner does not imply a partnership relationship between Cisco and any other company. (1110R)
Any Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and phone numbers used in this document are not intended to be actual addresses and phone numbers. Any examples, command display output, network topology diagrams, and other figures included in the document are shown for illustrative purposes only. Any use of actual IP addresses or phone numbers in illustrative content is unintentional and coincidental.