Table Of Contents
Logging in to the CLI and Enabling Privileged EXEC Mode
Synchronizing the GSS System Clock with an NTP Server
Showing the Date, Time, and Timezone
Configuring a Host Name for the GSS Device
Configuring an Ethernet Interface on a GSS Device
Configuring Interface Duplex Operation
Configuring GSS Inter-Device Communication
Configuring an Interface for Keepalive Communication
Setting the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the Ethernet Interface
Outputting a Record of TCP Traffic
Configuring an IP Route for the GSS
Resolving a Host or Domain Name to an IP Address
Configuring a Global Site Selector
Setting Up Your GSS
This chapter describes how to configure your GSS devices from the CLI and connect it to the GSS network. This process describes how to configure the GSS as a primary GSSM, a standby GSSM, or as a GSS device.
This chapter contains the following major sections:
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Logging in to the CLI and Enabling Privileged EXEC Mode
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Initial Setup Quick Start
Table 3-1 is a quick start configuration table designed to help you configure your GSS quickly from the CLI. This table provides information and examples on the following basic steps how to:
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Table 3-1 Initial Setup Quick Start
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localhost.localdomain> enableBy default, the hostname for GSS devices is localhost.localdomain. This name changes once you configure the hostname for the device.
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localhost.localdomain> enable5.
localhost.localdomain# clock set 12:10:05 Oct 15 20046.
localhost.localdomain# configlocalhost.localdomain(config)# ntp 194.35.252.7 193.63.94.267.
localhost.localdomain(config)# hostname gssm1.example.com8.
gssm1.example.com(config)# interface ethernet 0gssm1.example.com(config-eth0)# speed 100gssm1.example.com(config-eth0)# duplex fullNote
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gssm1.example.com(config-eth0)#gss-communications10.
gssm1.example.com(config-eth0)# ip address 192.168.3.24 255.255.255.011.
gssm1.example.com(config-eth0)# exitgssm1.example.com(config)#12.
gssm1.example.com(config)# ip default-gateway 172.16.7.1813.
gssm1.example.com(config)# ip name-server 192.168.12.1, 192.168.12.5, 192.168.12.714.
gssm1.example.com(config)#exit15.
gssm1.example.com# gss enable gssm-primary16.
gssm2.example.com# gss enable gssm-standby gssm1.example.com17.
gss1.example.com# gss enable gss gssm1.example.com18.
gssm1.example.com# copy running-config startup-config
Logging in to the CLI and Enabling Privileged EXEC Mode
To log in to a GSS device and enable privileged EXEC mode at the CLI perform these steps:
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Otherwise, if you are using a direct serial connection between your terminal and the GSS device, use a terminal emulation program to access the GSS CLI.
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localhost.localdomain>4.
localhost.localdomain> enablelocalhost.localdomain#The prompt changes from the user-level EXEC right angle bracket (>) prompt to the privileged-level EXEC pound sign (#).
Setting the System Clock
To set the date, time, or time zone for a GSS device, use the clock command. When you enter this command, the GSS device displays the current date and time.
This section includes the following topics:
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Setting the Time and Date
Use the clock set command to set the time and the date for a GSS device. Enter the time and date:
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The syntax for the clock set command is:
clock set hh:mm:ss MONTH DD YYYY
The options and variables are:
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For example, to specify a time of 12:10 and a date of October 15, 2004, enter:
localhost.localdomain# clock set 12:10:05 October 15 2004
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Setting the Time Zone
The time stored in the GSS is the local time. Use the clock timezone command to specify a time zone for the GSS, synchronizing the log timestamps to a new timezone. The name of the timezone. Enter ? to list all supported timezones, countries, continents, and cities.
There are a number of options available to set the local time zone for your GSS:
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The syntax for this command is:
clock timezone timezonename
The options and variables are:
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For example, to specify the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) timezone, enter:
localhost.localdomain# clock timezone GMTFor example, to specify the timezone to the local time in Paris, enter:
localhost.localdomain# clock timezone europe parisSynchronizing the GSS System Clock with an NTP Server
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) enables you to synchronize the GSS system clock to a time server. NTP is a protocol designed to synchronize the clocks of computers over a network. NTP assures accurate local time-keeping with references to radio and atomic clocks. The NTP protocol is capable of synchronizing distributed clocks within milliseconds over long time periods. You can specify a maximum of four NTP servers.
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Use the ntp-server global configuration mode command to specify one or more NTP servers for GSS clock synchronization. To disable an NTP time server, use the no form of this command.The syntax for this command is:
ntp-server ip_or_host
The ip_or_host variable specifies the IP address or host name of the NTP public time server that provides the clock synchronization. You can specify a maximum of four IP addresses or host names. Enter the IP address in dotted-decimal notation (for example, 192.168.11.1) or a mnemonic host name (for example, myhost.mydomain.com).
Use the ntp enable global configuration mode command to enable the NTP service. To disable NTP, use the no form of this command. The syntax of this command is:
ntp enable
For example, to specify the IP addresses of two NTP time servers, enter:
localhost.localdomain# configlocalhost.localdomain(config)# ntp-server 172.16.1.2 172.16.1.3localhost.localdomain(config)# ntp enableTo view if NTP is enabled for the GSS device, enter:
localhost.localdomain# show ntpNtp is enabledntp-server 172.16.1.2ntp-server 172.16.1.3To remove a specified NTP server, enter:
localhost.localdomain(config)# no ntp-server 1172.16.1.3To disable NTP, enter:
localhost.localdomain(config)# no ntp enableShowing the Date, Time, and Timezone
Use the show clock command to display the current date, time, and timezone name.
localhost.localdomain# show clockSystem time: Thu August 26 20:55:36 UTC 2004Table 3-2 describes the fields in the show clock command output.
Configuring a Host Name for the GSS Device
By default, the hostname for GSS devices is localhost.localdomain. The host name is used for the command prompts and default configuration filenames. To configure a qualified host name for the GSS device, use the hostname command. This name changes once you configure the hostname for the device.
The hostname command requires a fully qualified hostname, which requires at least one period "." in the name (for example, hostname.foo.com). The no form of this command erases the configured host name and restores the default value.
For the purposes of GSS inter-device communications, configure the hostname on the same interface (eth0 or eth1) that is being used for GSS communications, as set using the gss-communications command.
The syntax for this global configuration mode command is:
hostname host_name
Specify the new host name for the GSS device as a case sensitive text string that contains from 1 to 22 alphanumeric characters.
For example, to change the host name to gssm1.cisco.com, enter:
localhost.localdomain(config)# hostname gssm1.cisco.comgssm1.cisco.com(config)#To remove the host name and set it to the default localhost.localdomain, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# no hostname gssm1.cisco.comlocalhost.localdomain(config)#Configuring an Ethernet Interface on a GSS Device
Your GSS comes with one integrated dual-port Ethernet controller. This controller provides an interface for connecting to 10-Mbps, 100-Mbps, or 1000-Mbps networks and supports autonegotitate, full-duplex, or half-duplex operations on an Ethernet LAN.
To configure a GSS Ethernet interface, access global configuration mode and use the interface ethernet command. The syntax for this command is:
interface ethernet {0 | 1}{autosense | duplex {auto | full | half} | gss-communications | gss-tcp-keepalives | ip address {ip-address netmask} | no | shutdown | speed {mbits | auto}
If desired, you can use the following CLI commands to configure specific Ethernet interface settings:
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The following sections provide detailed information on:
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Configuring an Interface
Use the interface ethernet command to configure an Ethernet interface on a GSS device. The syntax for entering an Ethernet interface is:
interface ethernet {0 | 1}
The options are:
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For example, to configure Ethernet interface port 0 on a GSS and access the interface mode, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)#interface ethernet 0The GSS changes from configuration mode to the specific interface mode.
gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth0)#Configuring Autosense
The autosense option enables the current GSS interface to select the proper duplex mode (for example, full-duplex, half-duplex) for communicating with other network devices. The GSS automatically detects the network line speed (Fast Ethernet only) and duplex of incoming signals, and it synchronizes those parameters during data transfer. Auto-negotiation enables the GSS and the other devices on the link to achieve the maximum common level of operation. Autosense is enabled by default.
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To configure autosense for interface Ethernet 0, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth0or
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth0gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth0)# autosenseWhen autosense is on, manual configurations are overridden. To prevent your configuration from being overwritten, disable autosense before configuring an Ethernet interface.
To disable autosense, use the no form of this command. For example, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth0)# no autosenseConfiguring Interface Duplex Operation
The duplex option enables you to configure an Ethernet interface for full or half duplex operation. Full duplex allows data to travel in both directions at the same time through an Ethernet interface. A half-duplex setting ensures that data travels only in one direction at any given time. Although full duplex is faster, the Ethernet interfaces sometimes cannot operate effectively in this mode. If you encounter excessive collisions or network errors, configure the interface for half duplex rather than full duplex. To disable duplex operation, use the no form of the command.
The syntax is:
interface ethernet {0 | 1} duplex {auto | full | half}
The options are:
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Specify an interface bandwidth (Mbps) using the speed command before you configure full- or half-duplex. If you enter the duplex full or duplex half command without specifying an interface bandwidth, the following error message appears:
Duplex will not be set until speed is set to a non-auto value
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To configure full duplex for interface Ethernet 0, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth0 duplex fullor
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth0gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth0)# duplex fullTo disable duplex operation for interface Ethernet 0, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth0)# no duplexConfiguring Interface Speed
The speed option sets the bandwidth on Fast Ethernet interfaces only. Gigabit Ethernet interfaces run at 1000 Mbps only and are not user-configurable. To restore default values, use the no form of this command.
The syntax is:
interface ethernet {0 | 1} speed mbits
Specify the bandwidth size in megabits per second (Mbps). The default speed for a GSS interface is autonegotiate. The available ranges include:
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To set the bandwidth on Ethernet 0, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth0 speed 100or
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth0gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth0)# speed 100To restore the default setting of autonegotiate for interface Ethernet 0, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth0)# no speedConfiguring GSS Inter-Device Communication
During inter-GSS communication, all GSS devices listen for configuration and status updates on only one interface. The default inter-GSS communication interface is Ethernet 0. To designate Ethernet interface 1 for inter-GSS communication, use the gss-communications option.
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To designate Ethernet 1 for GSS inter-device communication, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth1 gss-communicationsor
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth1gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth1)# gss-communicationsConfiguring an Interface for Keepalive Communication
To designate an Ethernet interface for GSS keepalive communication, use the gss-tcp-keepalives option.
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For example, to designate Ethernet 1 for keepalive communication, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth1 gss-tcp-keepalivesor
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth1gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth1)# gss-tcp-keepalivesSetting the IP Address and Subnet Mask of the Ethernet Interface
Use the ip address command to assign an IP address and subnet mask to an Ethernet interface. You cannot assign the same IP address to more than one interface. To disable a specific IP address, use the no form of the command.
The syntax is:
ip address ip-address ip-subnet
The variables are:
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To assign an IP address to Ethernet 0, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth0 ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0or
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth0gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth0)# ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0To remove an IP address and subnet mask for interface Ethernet 0, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth0gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth0)# no ip addressShutting Down an Interface
Use the shutdown command in interface configuration mode to shut down a particular Ethernet interface on the GSS device.
To shut down interface Ethernet 1, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth1 shutdownor
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# interface eth1gssm1.cisco.com(config-eth1)# shutdownShowing Interface Information
To display GSS hardware interface information for Ethernet interface 0 or 1, including interface statistics, use the show interface command.
show interface {eth0 | eth1}
For example, to display information for Ethernet interface 0, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com# show interface eth0Interface eth0ip address 10.86.209.167 255.255.254.0gss-communicationsInterface StateLink is upnegotiated, 100 mbps, full duplexSupported modes: 10-half, 10-full, 100-half, 100-full, 1000-fullAdvertised modes: 10-half, 10-full, 100-half, 100-full, 1000-fullInterface statisticseth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:C0:9F:35:D1:64inet addr:10.86.209.167 Bcast:10.86.209.255 Mask:255.255.254.0UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1RX packets:583003 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:114048 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000RX bytes:45735671 (43.6 Mb) TX bytes:9810113 (9.3 Mb)Base address:0xbc00 Memory:fc9e0000-fca00000Outputting a Record of TCP Traffic
Use the tcpdump interface command to display a record at the CLI of all TCP traffic transmitted from and received by an Ethernet interface. GSS traffic information continuously displays on screen until you press Ctrl-C to cancel the operation. The protocol, port, network, and file options of the tcpdump command allow you to filter traffic and capture only the traffic of certain protocols, going to or coming from certain hosts or certain ports.
The syntax for this command is:
tcpdump interface {any | eth0 | eth1} | protocol {any| icmp|tcp|udp} | host {any | ip_or_host} | port {any | port} | network {any | ip-address ip-subnet} | file {filename}
The options and variables are:
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If the file parameter is not specified, captured data is dumped to the screen. In that case, only header data is displayed and there is no limit to number of packets captured.
If you execute the tcpdump command without any specified options, no filtering is performed. If you want to use the defaults for the remaining tcpdump command parameters, press Enter at each option. No further filtering is performed by the GSS, other than what has been specified. For example, if you enter tcpdump interface eth0 protocol tcp, the GSS performs only IP protocol filtering and does not perform host, port, or network filtering.
The following is an example of the tcpdump interface command and its output:
gssm1.cisco.com# tcpdump interface eth0Kernel filter, protocol ALL, datagram packet sockettcpdump: listening on eth019:20:45.678641 > gssm.cisco.com.ssh > 10.1.2.3.1178: P 2126255246:2126255346(100) ack 4828790 win 32680 (DF) [tos 0x10]19:20:45.680534 > gssm.cisco.com.49165 > gss.cisco.com.domain: 9217+ PTR? 187.0.1.2.in-addr.arpa. (43)19:20:45.681090 < gss.cisco.com.domain > gssm.cisco.com.49165: 9217 NXDomain* 0/1/0 (111)...Specifying Names Servers
The GSS can communicate with a maximum of eight name servers for name and address resolution. Use the ip name server command to specify the IP address of one or more name servers, to a maximum of eight name servers. To disable one or more name servers, use the no form of this command.
The syntax for this command is:
ip name-server ip-addresses
The ip-addresses variable identifies the IP addresses for the name servers. You can enter a maximum of eight name servers, separated by spaces. Enter each IP address in dotted-decimal notation.
To configure the IP address of a single name server, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# ip name-server 172.16.17.18To configure the IP addresses of multiple name servers, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# ip name-server 172.16.17.18 192.168.2.22 172.16.1.2Configuring an IP Route for the GSS
To establish IP connectivity to the GSS, configure a static IP route to connect the GSS to next hop router. A static route consists of a destination network address and mask and the next hop to reach the destination. You can also specify a default static route (using 0.0.0.0 as the destination network address and a valid next hop address) to direct IP packets for which no other destination is listed in the routing table. Default static routes are useful for forwarding otherwise unrouteable packets by the GSS.
Use the following ip command options to configure a static IP route:
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The syntax for the ip command is:
ip {default-gateway ip-address | route destination_address netmask gateway}
no ip {default-gateway ip-address | route destination_address netmask gateway}
The options and variables are:
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For example, to configure a default gateway, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.7.18For example, to configure a static IP network route, enter:
gssm1.cisco.com(config)# ip route 172.16.227.128 172.16.227.250To display the IP routing table for the GSS, use the show ip routes command.
gssm1.cisco.com# show ip routesTable 3-3 describes the fields in the show ip routes output.
Resolving a Host or Domain Name to an IP Address
To resolve a host or domain name to an IP address, use the dnslookup command. The syntax for this command is:
dnslookup {hostname | domainname}
The variables are:
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In the example, the dnslookup command resolves the host name myhost.cisco.com to IP address 172.16.69.11.
gssm1.cisco.com# dnslookup myhost.cisco.comServer: mydnsserver.cisco.comAddress: 172.16.69.12Name: myhost.cisco.comAddress: 172.16.69.11Configuring a Primary GSSM
The primary GSSM performs content routing as well as centralized management functions for the GSS network. The primary GSSM serves as the organizing point of the GSS network, hosting the embedded GSS database that contains configuration information for all of your GSS resources, such as individual GSS devices and DNS rules. Other GSS devices report their status to the primary GSSM. The primary GSSM offers a single, centralized GUI for monitoring and administering your entire GSS network.
A typical GSS deployment may contain a maximum of eight GSS devices on a corporate intranet or the Internet. At least one GSS—and no more than two GSS devices—must be configured as the primary GSSM and standby GSSM. The primary GSSM monitors the other GSS devices on the network and offers features for managing and monitoring request routing services using a GUI accessible through secure HTTP. Only one primary GSSM can be "active" at any time, with the second GSSM serving as a "standby," or backup device.
Before you configure request routing or add GSS devices to your GSS network, first configure and enable a primary GSSM. After you have configured a primary GSSM, you may optionally configure a different GSS as the standby (redundant) GSSM.
Use the gss enable gssm-primary command to create the embedded database on the primary GSSM. This command also performs the other initialization processes to enable the device in a network of GSS devices. Enabling a GSS device is a one-time initialization step that is required only when you first set up the device within a network of GSS devices.
To configure a GSS device as a primary GSSM:
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gssm1.example.com> enablegssm1.example.com#
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gssm1.example.com# gss enable gssm-primary
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gssm1.example.com# copy running-config startup-configIf you fail to save your configuration changes, the GSS device reverts to its previous settings upon a reboot.
At this point you can access the GUI on the primary GSSM. After logging in to the primary GSSM GUI, use it to activate the standby GSSM and GSS devices on your network, as described in Chapter 4, Activating GSS Devices from the GUI.
Configuring a Standby GSSM
The standby GSSM performs GSLB functions for the GSS network even while operating in standby mode. In addition, the standby GSSM can be configured to act as the GSSM should the primary GSSM need to go offline for repair or maintenance, or becomes unavailable to communicate with other GSS devices. As with the primary GSSM, the standby GSSM is configured to run the GSSM GUI and contains a duplicate copy of the embedded GSS database that is currently installed on the primary GSSM. Any configuration or network changes affecting the GSS network are synchronized between the primary and the standby GSSM.
The switching of roles between the designated primary GSSM and the standby GSSM is intended to be a temporary GSS network configuration until the original primary GSSM is back online. For details about changing the GSSM role in your GSS network, refer to the Cisco Global Site Selector Administration Guide, Chapter 1, Managing GSS Devices from the GUI.
To configure a GSS device as a standby GSSM:
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gssm2.example.com> enablegssm2.example.com#
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The syntax for this command is:
gss enable gssm-standby primary_GSSM_hostname | primary_GSSM_IP_address
The variables are:
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For example, to enable gss2.example.com as the standby GSSM and direct it to the primary GSSM, gssm1.example.com, enter:
gssm2.example.com# gss enable gssm-standby gssm1.example.com4.
gssm1.example.com# copy running-config startup-configIf you fail to save your configuration changes, the GSS device reverts to its previous settings upon a reboot.
Configuring a Global Site Selector
The GSS performs routing of DNS queries based on DNS rules and conditions configured using the primary GSSM. Each GSS is known to and synchronized with the GSSM, but individual GSS devices do not report their presence or status to the other. Each GSS on your network delegates authority to the GSS devices that serve DNS requests. Each GSS is managed separately using the Cisco CLI. GUI support is not available on a GSS device.
To configure a GSS device:
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gss1.example.com> enablegss1.example.com#
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The syntax for this command is:
gss enable gss primary_GSSM_hostname | primary_GSSM_IP_address
The variables are:
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For example, to enable gss.example.com as a GSS and direct it to the primary GSSM, gssm1.example.com, enter:
gss.example.com# gss enable gss gssm1.example.com3.
gss1.example.com# copy running-config startup-configIf you fail to save your configuration changes, the device reverts to its previous settings upon a reboot.
Where to Go Next
To activate and register your standby GSSM and GSS devices from the primary GSSM GUI, proceed to Chapter 4, Activating GSS Devices from the GUI. This chapter also describes how to log in to the primary GSSM GUI.
