在 Cisco IOS 路由器中调整路由选择的管理距离的配置示例

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已更新: 2011 年 7 月 26 日

文档 ID:113153

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简介

本文档描述了如何更改路由协议的管理距离值来影响思科路由器中的路由选择。

管理距离是在有使用两个不同路由协议的两个或多个不同的路由通往同一目标时，路由器用来选择最佳路径的功能。管理距离定义了路由协议的可靠性。管理距离值越小，协议越可靠。

注意：当更改默认距离时，可能导致网络中出现路由环路。在考虑好要实现的目标之后，谨慎地更改管理距离。

配置

本文档使用以下配置

路由器 R1 配置
路由器 R2 配置

R1 的配置
interface Loopback0 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 ! ! interface Loopback10 ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.255 ! ! interface Loopback20 ip address 20.20.20.20 255.255.255.255 ! ! interface Loopback30 ip address 30.30.30.30 255.255.255.255 ! ! interface Serial1/0 ip address 100.100.100.1 255.255.255.0 serial restart-delay 0 clock rate 64000 ! ! interface Serial1/1 ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0 serial restart-delay 0 clock rate 64000 ! ! router ospf 10 router-id 1.1.1.1 log-adjacency-changes network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 10.10.10.10 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 20.20.20.20 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 100.100.100.1 0.0.0.0 area 0 ! router bgp 123 no synchronization bgp router-id 1.1.1.1 bgp log-neighbor-changes network 10.10.10.10 mask 255.255.255.255 network 20.20.20.20 mask 255.255.255.255 network 30.30.30.30 mask 255.255.255.255 neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 100 neighbor 2.2.2.2 ebgp-multihop 5 neighbor 2.2.2.2 update-source Loopback0 no auto-summary !

R1 的配置

interface Loopback0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
 !
!
interface Loopback10
 ip address 10.10.10.10 255.255.255.255
 !
!
interface Loopback20
 ip address 20.20.20.20 255.255.255.255
 !
!
interface Loopback30
 ip address 30.30.30.30 255.255.255.255
 !
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 100.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
 clock rate 64000
 !
!
interface Serial1/1
 ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
 clock rate 64000
 !
!
router ospf 10
 router-id 1.1.1.1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 10.10.10.10 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 20.20.20.20 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 100.100.100.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
!
router bgp 123
 no synchronization
 bgp router-id 1.1.1.1
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 network 10.10.10.10 mask 255.255.255.255
 network 20.20.20.20 mask 255.255.255.255
 network 30.30.30.30 mask 255.255.255.255
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 remote-as 100
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 ebgp-multihop 5
 neighbor 2.2.2.2 update-source Loopback0
 no auto-summary
!

R2 配置
interface Loopback0 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 ! ! interface Serial1/0 ip address 100.100.100.2 255.255.255.0 serial restart-delay 0 clock rate 64000 ! ! interface Serial1/1 ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0 serial restart-delay 0 clock rate 64000 ! ! router ospf 10 router-id 2.2.2.2 log-adjacency-changes network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 network 100.100.100.2 0.0.0.0 area 0 ! router bgp 100 no synchronization bgp router-id 2.2.2.2 bgp log-neighbor-changes neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 123 neighbor 1.1.1.1 ebgp-multihop 5 neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0 distance 190 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 Changed the AD value of BGP as 190! no auto-summary !

R2 配置

interface Loopback0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
 !
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 100.100.100.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
 clock rate 64000
 !
!
interface Serial1/1
 ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
 clock rate 64000
 !

!
router ospf 10
 router-id 2.2.2.2
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
 network 100.100.100.2 0.0.0.0 area 0
!
router bgp 100
 no synchronization
 bgp router-id 2.2.2.2
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 remote-as 123
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 ebgp-multihop 5
 neighbor 1.1.1.1 update-source Loopback0
 distance 190 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 

Changed the AD value of BGP as 190!

 no auto-summary
!

验证

请使用本部分描述的命令来验证配置。

命令输出解释程序（仅限注册用户）(OIT) 支持某些 show 命令。使用 OIT 可查看对 show 命令输出的分析。

在路由器 R2 上

当 distance 命令未应用于路由器 R2 时

Show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 I - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 100.100.100.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0 10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets B 10.10.10.10 [20/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:03 BGP Router Preffered Over OSPF 20.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets B 20.20.20.20 [20/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:03 BGP Router Preffered Over OSPF 30.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets B 30.30.30.30 [20/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:03 100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 100.100.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 L 100.100.100.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0 192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1 L 192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

Show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       I - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 100.100.100.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0
      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C        2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
      10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B        10.10.10.10 [20/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:03        

 BGP Router Preffered Over OSPF

      20.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B        20.20.20.20 [20/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:03
 
 BGP Router Preffered Over OSPF

      30.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B        30.30.30.30 [20/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:03
      100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        100.100.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
L        100.100.100.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0
      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
L        192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

当 distance 命令应用于路由器 R2 时

Show ip route
R2#sh ip route Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 I - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 100.100.100.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0 10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 10.10.10.10 [110/65] via 100.100.100.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0 By increasing the AD of External BGP, OSPF takes precedence 20.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets O 20.20.20.20 [110/65] via 100.100.100.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0 By increasing the AD of External BGP, OSPF takes precedence 30.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets B 30.30.30.30 [190/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:03 100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 100.100.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 L 100.100.100.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0 192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1 L 192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

Show ip route

R2#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       I - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, + - replicated route

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 100.100.100.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0
      2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C        2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0
      10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        10.10.10.10 [110/65] via 100.100.100.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0
           
By increasing the AD of External BGP, OSPF takes precedence

      20.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O        20.20.20.20 [110/65] via 100.100.100.1, 00:00:03, Serial1/0
           
By increasing the AD of External BGP, OSPF takes precedence

      30.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B        30.30.30.30 [190/0] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:03
      100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        100.100.100.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
L        100.100.100.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/0
      192.168.12.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
L        192.168.12.2/32 is directly connected, Serial1/1

在 Cisco IOS 路由器中调整路由选择的管理距离的配置示例

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非歧视性语言

关于此翻译

目录

简介

先决条件

要求

使用的组件

规则

配置

网络图

配置

验证

在路由器 R2 上

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