X25 sobre TCP/IP com Keepalives XOT

Introduction

O X.25 Over TCP (XOT) permite enviar pacotes X.25 através de uma rede TCP/IP em vez de um link Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB). O XOT também permite que você faça o túnel do tráfego X.25 através de uma rede IP.

O software Cisco IOS® comuta pacotes X.25 entre um link X.25 e uma conexão TCP. Cada endereço de destino de circuito virtual pode ser mapeado para um endereço IP separado. Os keepalives XOT podem ser usados para detectar o TCP subcamada. O TCP tem a capacidade de detectar a conexão verificando o número de sequência de confirmação. Se ele não receber nenhum pacote de confirmação, ele mantém os pacotes de liberação e continua tentando retransmitir até que eventualmente desista e derrube a conexão TCP. No entanto, esse processo leva muito tempo.

Este documento descreve como usar o recurso de manutenção de atividade XOT no caso de uma conexão TCP ser interrompida, para detectá-la e agir mais rápido.

Prerequisites

Requirements

Não existem requisitos específicos para este documento.

Componentes Utilizados

As informações neste documento são baseadas nestas versões de software e hardware:

• Software Cisco IOS versão 9.21 ou posterior, com qualquer conjunto de recursos

• Qualquer roteador Cisco com Cisco IOS Software Release 9.21 ou posterior suporta este recurso

• Software Cisco IOS versões 12.2(13)T13 e 12.2(27)

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.

Conventions

Consulte as Convenções de Dicas Técnicas da Cisco para obter mais informações sobre convenções de documentos.

Configurar

Nesta seção, você encontrará informações para configurar os recursos descritos neste documento.

Nota:Use a Command Lookup Tool (somente clientes registrados) para obter mais informações sobre os comandos usados neste documento.

Diagrama de Rede

Este documento utiliza a seguinte configuração de rede:

Configurações

Este documento utiliza as seguintes configurações:

• R1 (Cisco 2500 Router)

• R2 (Roteador Cisco 2500)

• R3 (Roteador Cisco 2600)

• R4 (Roteador Cisco 2600)

Current configuration:
!
version 12.2
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log uptime
!
hostname R1
!
x25 routing 

!--- The X.25 local switching.

!
interface Serial0
no ip address
no ip directed-broadcast
encapsulation x25
no ip mroute-cache
x25 address 45678
x25 win 5 

!--- For testing purposes, the X.25 flow control !--- is set to something other than !--- the default value. In this configuration, !--- win 5 and wout 5, and ips and ops 256 are used.

x25 wout 5
x25 ips 256
x25 ops 256
x25 idle 1
!
line con 0
transport input none
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
password cisco
login
!
end

Current configuration 
!
version 12.2
service pad to-xot 

!--- Enable this command in order to make a packet assembler/disassembler (PAD) !--- over XOT through the router locally. It is useful for troubleshooting XOT problems.

service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log uptime
!
hostname R2
!
x25 routing 

!--- Enables X.25 switching.

!
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet0
ip address 10.64.9.101 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface Serial0
no ip address
encapsulation x25 dce
no ip mroute-cache
x25 win 5
x25 wout 5
x25 ips 256
x25 ops 256 

!--- Set these flow control parameters since the interface you have connected to !--- also has these parameters set. If not matched, you can reset the link !--- while there are larger packets that go over.

x25 idle 1
clockrate 64000
!
router rip
network 10.0.0.0
!
x25 route ^12 xot 10.64.9.100 xot-keepalive-period 
 10 xot-keepalive-tries 3 xot-source Loopback0
x25 route ^4 interface Serial0 xot-keepalive-period 
 10 xot-keepalive-tries 3
         

!--- By default, xot-keepalives is always enabled, uses the default keepalive !--- period of 60 seconds, and retries four times. Use the !--- loopback as the XOT source to enhance the TCP connection reliability. !--- If you have two interfaces configured for X.25 and one of the !--- interfaces goes down, one interface remains up so that the TCP !--- connection is not interrupted. In order to achieve this redundancy !--- connection, the XOT uses the loopback interface since the !--- source and the TCP connection do not fail. !--- If you want to have redundant interfaces in your router, the !--- X.25 route command is configured as - X.25 route ^12 xot 10.64.9.100 10.64.9.200 !--- where 10.64.9.100 and 10.64.9.200 are the remote destination IP addresses.

!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
end

Current configuration : 1427 bytes
!
version 12.2
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log uptime
!
hostname R3
!
!
x25 routing
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial1
bandwidth 384
no ip address
encapsulation x25
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
x25 win 7
x25 wout 7
x25 ips 1024
x25 ops 1024
x25 idle 1
service-module t1 clock source internal
service-module t1 timeslots 1-6
!
interface Ethernet1/0
ip address 10.64.9.100 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
no ip mroute-cache
half-duplex
!
router rip
network 10.0.0.0
!
!
x25 route ^12 interface Serial1 xot-keepalive-period
 10 xot-keepalive-tries 3
x25 route ^4 xot 10.64.9.101 xot-keepalive-period
 10 xot-keepalive-tries 3 xot-source Loopback0

!
line con 0
exec-timeout 0 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
end

Current configuration
!
!
!
version 12.2
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname R4
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.64.9.88 255.255.255.0
 half-duplex
!
interface Serial1
 bandwidth 384
 no ip address
 encapsulation x25 dce
 x25 address 123456
 x25 win 7
 x25 wout 7
 x25 ips 1024
 x25 ops 1024 

!--- These parameters are set for testing purposes.

 x25 idle 1
 service-module t1 timeslots 1-6
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
 password cisco
 login
!
end

Verificar

Use esta seção para confirmar se a sua configuração funciona corretamente.

A Output Interpreter Tool ( somente clientes registrados) (OIT) oferece suporte a determinados comandos show. Use a OIT para exibir uma análise da saída do comando show.

• show x25 pad —Mostra informações sobre as conexões abertas atuais, incluindo transmissões de pacotes, configurações de parâmetros X.3 e o status atual dos circuitos virtuais.

• show x25 xot — Mostra informações para todos os circuitos virtuais XOT que correspondem a um determinado critério.

• show tcp —Mostra o status das conexões TCP.

• pad —Use este comando para fazer login em um PAD.

Esta saída mostra a saída de depuração exibida quando uma chamada PAD é feita de R1 para R4:

R1#pad 123456

User Access Verification

Password:
1w1d: Serial0: X.25 O R1 Call (15) 8 lci 1024
1w1d: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456
1w1d: Facilities: (0)
1w1d: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad)
1w1d: Serial0: X.25 I R1 Call Confirm (5) 8 lci 1024
1w1d: From (0): To (0):
1w1d: Facilities: (0)
R4>

Esta chamada passa por R2. Essa saída foi capturada usando os comandos debug x25 event e debug ip tcp driver.

R2#
*Mar 9 07:02:39.982: Serial0: X.25 I R1 Call (15) 8 lci 1024
*Mar 9 07:02:39.986: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456
*Mar 9 07:02:39.990: Facilities: (0)
*Mar 9 07:02:39.990: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad)
*Mar 9 07:02:40.006: TCPDRV404EF4: Active async open 10.1.2.2:0 
 --> 10.64.9.100 :1998 OK, lport 11020
*Mar 9 07:02:40.034: TCPDRV404EF4: disable tcp timeouts
*Mar 9 07:02:40.034: TCPDRV404EF4: enable tcp timeouts
*Mar 9 07:02:40.038: TCPDRV404EF4: keepalive interval set to 10000 ms


!--- The keepalives parameters.

*Mar 9 07:02:40.038: TCPDRV404EF4: keepalive attempts set to 3
*Mar 9 07:02:40.042: TCPDRV404EF4: keepalives turned on
*Mar 9 07:02:40.046: [10.64.9.100,1998/10.1.2.2,11020]: XOT O P2 Call (21) 8 lc i 1
*Mar 9 07:02:40.050: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456
*Mar 9 07:02:40.054: Facilities: (6)
*Mar 9 07:02:40.054: Packet sizes: 256 256
*Mar 9 07:02:40.058: Window sizes: 5 5
*Mar 9 07:02:40.058: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad)
*Mar 9 07:02:40.182: [10.64.9.100,1998/10.1.2.2,11020]: XOT I P2 Call Confirm (11) 8 lci 1
*Mar 9 07:02:40.182: From (0): To (0):
*Mar 9 07:02:40.186: Facilities: (6)
*Mar 9 07:02:40.186: Packet sizes: 256 256
*Mar 9 07:02:40.190: Window sizes: 5 5
*Mar 9 07:02:40.194: Serial0: X.25 O R1 Call Confirm (5) 8 lci 1024
*Mar 9 07:02:40.194: From (0): To (0):
*Mar 9 07:02:40.198: Facilities: (0)

R3 recebe a chamada de R2 a XOT e, em seguida, a passa para R4. Essa saída foi capturada usando os comandos debug x25 event e debug ip tcp driver.

R3#
*Mar 9 07:00:41.338: TCPDRV27693C: Passive open 10.64.9.100:1998 <-- 10.1.2.2:1 1020
*Mar 9 07:00:41.342: TCPDRV27693C: disable tcp timeouts
*Mar 9 07:00:41.342: TCPDRV27693C: enable tcp timeouts
*Mar 9 07:00:41.370: [10.1.2.2,11020/10.64.9.100,1998]: XOT I P/Inactive Call (21) 8 lci 1
*Mar 9 07:00:41.370: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456
*Mar 9 07:00:41.374: Facilities: (6)
*Mar 9 07:00:41.378: Packet sizes: 256 256
*Mar 9 07:00:41.378: Window sizes: 5 5
*Mar 9 07:00:41.382: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad)
*Mar 9 07:00:41.394: TCPDRV27693C: keepalive interval set to 10000 ms
*Mar 9 07:00:41.394: TCPDRV27693C: keepalive attempts set to 3
*Mar 9 07:00:41.398: TCPDRV27693C: keepalives turned on
*Mar 9 07:00:41.402: Serial1: X.25 O R1 Call (21) 8 lci 1024
*Mar 9 07:00:41.402: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456
*Mar 9 07:00:41.406: Facilities: (6)
*Mar 9 07:00:41.410: Packet sizes: 256 256
*Mar 9 07:00:41.410: Window sizes: 5 5
*Mar 9 07:00:41.414: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad)
*Mar 9 07:00:41.454: Serial1: X.25 I R1 Call Confirm (5) 8 lci 1024
*Mar 9 07:00:41.454: From (0): To (0):
*Mar 9 07:00:41.458: Facilities: (0)
*Mar 9 07:00:41.462: [10.1.2.2,11020/10.64.9.100,1998]: XOT O P3 Call Confirm (11) 8 lci 1
*Mar 9 07:00:41.462: From (0): To (0):

O R4 recebe a chamada e a conecta à porta vty:

R4#
*Mar 9 06:57:16.598: Serial1: X.25 I R1 Call (21) 8 lci 1024
*Mar 9 06:57:16.602: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456
*Mar 9 06:57:16.606: Facilities: (6)
*Mar 9 06:57:16.606: Packet sizes: 256 256
*Mar 9 06:57:16.610: Window sizes: 5 5
*Mar 9 06:57:16.610: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad)
*Mar 9 06:57:16.622: Serial1: X.25 O R1 Call Confirm (5) 8 lci 1024
*Mar 9 06:57:16.626: From (0): To (0):
*Mar 9 06:57:16.626: Facilities: (0)

R4#show x25 vc
SVC 1024, State: D1, Interface: Serial1
Started 00:02:15, last input 00:02:12, output 00:02:12

Line: 2 vty 0 Location: Host: 45678
45678 connected to 123456 PAD <--> X25

Window size input: 5, output: 5
Packet size input: 256, output: 256
PS: 4 PR: 0 ACK: 0 Remote PR: 4 RCNT: 0 RNR: no
P/D state timeouts: 0 timer (secs): 0
data bytes 47/60 packets 4/8 Resets 0/0 RNRs 0/0 REJs 0/0 INTs 0/0

R2#show tcp

Stand-alone TCP connection to host 10.64.9.100
Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0
Local host: 10.1.2.2, Local port: 11020
Foreign host: 10.64.9.100, Foreign port: 1998

Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0 mis-ordered: 0 (0 bytes)

TCP driver queue size 0, flow controlled FALSE

Event Timers (current time is 0x2AB893F0):
Timer Starts Wakeups Next
Retrans 11 0 0x0
TimeWait 0 0 0x0
AckHold 10 0 0x0
SendWnd 0 0 0x0
KeepAlive 50 0 0x2AB8A290


!--- Sends keepalive packets and increments.

GiveUp 0 0 0x0
PmtuAger 0 0 0x0
DeadWait 0 0 0x0

iss: 1072933807 snduna: 1072933977 sndnxt: 1072933977 sndwnd: 8023
irs: 1206945087 rcvnxt: 1206945244 rcvwnd: 8036 delrcvwnd: 156

SRTT: 231 ms, RTTO: 769 ms, RTV: 538 ms, KRTT: 0 ms
minRTT: 8 ms, maxRTT: 300 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms
Flags: higher precedence, retransmission timeout, keepalive running


!--- The keepalive status.


Datagrams (max data segment is 536 bytes):
Rcvd: 40 (out of order: 0), with data: 10, total data bytes: 156
Sent: 41 (retransmit: 0, fastretransmit: 0), with data: 10, total data bytes: 16 9

Consulte Opções de Manutenção de Atividade XOT do Comando de Rota X.25 para obter mais informações.

Troubleshoot

Use esta seção para resolver problemas de configuração.

Comandos para Troubleshooting

A Output Interpreter Tool ( somente clientes registrados) (OIT) oferece suporte a determinados comandos show. Use a OIT para exibir uma análise da saída do comando show.

Nota:Consulte Informações Importantes sobre Comandos de Depuração antes de usar comandos debug.

• debug x25 events — Exibe informações sobre todo o tráfego X.25, exceto dados e pacotes de registro de recursos.

• debug ip tcp driver —Exibe informações sobre eventos de driver TCP.

Se a conexão entre R2 e R3 for interrompida, a conexão TCP será interrompida após os períodos de keepalive. Em seguida, a saída do comando show tcp está vazia nos roteadores R2 e R3.

Você pode observar esta saída de depuração enquanto a interface XOT de R2 e R3 está inativa:

R2#debug x25 events
   *Mar 10 05:36:24.685: [10.64.9.100,1998/10.1.2.2,11037]: XOT cx closed
   *Mar 10 05:36:24.689: Serial0: X.25 O R1 Clear (5) 8 lci 1024
   *Mar 10 05:36:24.693: Cause 9, Diag 0 (Out of order/No additional information)
   *Mar 10 05:36:24.709: Serial0: X.25 I R1 Clear Confirm (3) 8 lci 1024

   R2#debug ip tcp driver
   *Mar 10 05:41:08.800: TCPDRV205B44: 10.1.2.2:11038 --> 10.64.9.100:1998 DoClose
   (Cookie 402718) tcp close 

   R3#debug x25 events
   *Mar 10 05:34:27.241: [10.1.2.2,11037/10.64.9.100,1998]: XOT cx closed
   *Mar 10 05:34:27.245: Serial1: X.25 O R1 Clear (5) 8 lci 1024
   *Mar 10 05:34:27.245: Cause 0, Diag 0 (DTE originated/No additional information)
   *Mar 10 05:34:27.261: Serial1: X.25 I R1 Clear Confirm (3) 8 lci 1024
   
    R3#debug ip tcp driver
   *Mar 10 05:39:11.321: TCPDRV354BB8: 10.64.9.100:1998 --> 10.1.2.2:11038 DoClose
   (Cookie 354B5C) tcp close

Informações Relacionadas

• Comandos X.25 e LAPB
• Suporte à tecnologia de protocolos X.25
• Suporte Técnico e Documentação - Cisco Systems

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