Table Of Contents
Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers with VPN Services Module
Certification Note
Contents
References
Document Organization
Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 Routers
Catalyst 6500 Series, Cisco 7606, and Cisco 7609 Cryptographic Module
Module Interfaces
Roles and Services
Crypto Officer Role
User Services
Installing the Opacity Shield on the Catalyst 6500 Series Switches
Installing the Opacity Shield on the Cisco 7600 Series Routers
Physical Security
Cryptographic Key Management
Key Zeroization
Self-Tests
VPN Services Module (Cryptographic Accelerator) Self-Tests
Cisco IOS Software Self-Tests
Secure Operation of the Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 Routers
Initial Setup
Initializing and Configuring the System
IPsec Requirements and Cryptographic Algorithms
Protocols
Remote Access
Disable Console Access
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7600 Series Routers with VPN Services Module
Certification Note
This is the non-proprietary Cryptographic Module Security Policy for the Catalyst 6506, Catalyst 6506-E, Catalyst 6509, Catalyst 6509-E switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers with the VPN Services Module:
•
Hardware version
–Catalyst 6506 switch
–Catalyst 6506-E switch
–Catalyst 6509 switch
–Catalyst 6509-E switch
–Cisco 7606 router
–Cisco 7609 router
•Firmware version—Cisco IOS 12.2(18)SXE
This security policy describes how the listed Catalyst 6500 series switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers with the VPN Services Module meet the security requirements of FIPS 140-2, and describes how to operate the hardware devices in a secure FIPS 140-2 mode. This policy was prepared as part of the Level 2 FIPS 140-2 validation of the listed Catalyst 6500 series switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers with the VPN Services Module.
FIPS 140-2 (Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 140-2—Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules) details the U.S. Government requirements for cryptographic modules. More information about the FIPS 140-2 standard and validation program is available on the NIST website at http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/.
Contents
This document contains the following sections:
•References
•Document Organization
•Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 Routers
•Catalyst 6500 Series, Cisco 7606, and Cisco 7609 Cryptographic Module
•Roles and Services
•Installing the Opacity Shield on the Catalyst 6500 Series Switches
•Installing the Opacity Shield on the Cisco 7600 Series Routers
•Physical Security
•Cryptographic Key Management
•Self-Tests
•Self-Tests
•Secure Operation of the Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 Routers
•Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
References
This publication deals only with operations and capabilities of the listed Catalyst 6500 series switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers in the technical terms of a FIPS 140-2 Cryptographic Module Security Policy. More information is available on the Catalyst 6509 switch and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers and the entire Catalyst 6500 series switches and Cisco 7600 series routers from the following sources:
•The Catalyst 6500 series switch product descriptions can be found at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps708/index.html
•The Cisco 7600 series router product descriptions can be found at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/routers/ps368/index.html
•For answers to technical or sales related questions, refer to the contacts listed on the Cisco Systems website at www.cisco.com.
•For answers to technical or sales-related questions for the module, refer to the NIST Validated Modules website at http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval.
Document Organization
The Security Policy document is part of the FIPS 140-2 Submission Package. The Submission Package also contains the following documents:
•Vendor Evidence
•Finite State Machine
•Other supporting documentation as additional references
This publication provides an overview of the Catalyst 6506, Catalyst 6506-E, Catalyst 6509, Catalyst 6509-E switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers and explains the secure configuration and operation of the modules. This introduction section is followed by the "Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 Routers" section which details the general features and functionality of the applicable Catalyst 6500 series switches and Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers. The "Secure Operation of the Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 Routers" section specifically addresses the required configuration for the FIPS-approved mode of operation.
With the exception of this Non-Proprietary Security Policy, the FIPS 140-2 Validation Submission documentation is Cisco-proprietary and is releasable only under appropriate non-disclosure agreements. For access to these documents, contact Cisco Systems.
Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 Routers
Branch office networking requirements are dramatically evolving, driven by web and e-commerce applications to enhance productivity and merging the voice and data infrastructure to reduce costs. The Catalyst 6500 series switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers with the VPN Services Module offer versatility, integration, and security to branch offices. With numerous network modules and service modules available, the modular architecture of the Cisco router easily allows interfaces to be upgraded to accommodate network expansion. The Catalyst 6500 series switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers provide a scalable, secure, manageable remote access server that meets FIPS 140-2 Level 2 requirements, as a multi-chip standalone module.
Each chassis is a multi-chip, standalone cryptographic system containing a VPN Services Module to perform the cryptographic operations and a supervisor engine to manage overall chassis configuration.
The VPN Services Module contains an RM7000 processor operating at 400 MHz. The supervisor engine also contains an RM7000 processor operating at 250 MHz. All cryptographic operations including 3DES, SHA-1, SHA-1 HMAC, and random number generation are performed by the VPN Services Module.
This section describes the general features and functionality provided by the Catalyst 6506 and Catalyst 6506-E switches (see Figure 1, Catalyst 6509 and Catalyst 6509-E switches (see Figure 2), the Cisco 7606 router (see Figure 3), and the Cisco 7609 router (see Figure 4).
Figure 1 Catalyst 6506 and Catalyst 6506-E Switches
Figure 2 Catalyst 6509 and Catalyst 6509-E Switches
Figure 3 Cisco 7606 Router
Figure 4 Cisco 7609 Router
Catalyst 6500 Series, Cisco 7606, and Cisco 7609 Cryptographic Module
The cryptographic boundary is defined as encompassing the following:
•Top, front, left, right, and bottom surfaces of a chassis.
•All portions of the backplane of the chassis that are not designed to accommodate a network module or a service module.
•The inverse of the three-dimensional space within the chassis that would be occupied by any installed network module or a service module which does not perform approved cryptographic functions, or any installed power supply.
•The connection apparatus between the network module or service module and the motherboard and daughterboard that hosts the network module or service module.
The cryptographic boundary does not include the network module or service module itself unless it performs approved cryptographic functions. In other words, the cryptographic boundary encompasses all hardware components within the chassis except any installed nonapproved cryptographic network modules or service modules and the power supply submodules. Service modules that are currently available include the Network Access Module (NAM), a Firewall Services Module, and a VPN Services Module. All of the functionality described in this publication is provided by components within this cryptographic boundary.
The service modules require that a special opacity shield be installed over the intake-side air vents in order to operate in FIPS-approved mode. The shield decreases the surface area of the vent holes, reducing visibility within the cryptographic boundary to FIPS-approved specifications. Detailed installation instructions for the shield are provided in this publication.
The Catalyst 6500 series switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers incorporate a single VPN Services Module cryptographic accelerator card. The VPN Services Module is installed in a chassis module slot.
Cisco IOS features such as tunneling, data encryption, and termination of remote access WANs using IPsec, Layer 2 forwarding and Layer 2 tunneling protocols make the Catalyst 6500 series switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers with VPN Services Module an ideal platform for building virtual private networks or outsourced dial solutions. The RISC-based processor provides the power needed for the dynamic requirements of the remote branch office.
Module Interfaces
The switch and router chassis physical interfaces are located on the Supervisor Engine 720 front panel. (See Figure 5.) The Supervisor Engine 720 has one console port, one RJ-45 10/100/1000 Ethernet port (with link LEDs), two Gigabit Ethernet ports utilizing SFP transceiver modules, two PCMCIA slots to hold compact flash memory devices, and status LEDs.
Figure 5 Supervisor Engine 720 Physical Interfaces
The Catalyst 6500 series switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers provide console ports, fixed Ethernet interfaces, six network and service module slots on the Catalyst 6506 and Catalyst 6506-E switch chassis and the Cisco 7606 router chassis, nine network and service module slots on the Catalyst 6509 and Catalyst 6509-E switch chassis and Cisco 7609 router chassis. Network modules support a variety of LAN and WAN connectivity interfaces, such as the following: Ethernet, ATM, serial, ISDN BRI, and integrated CSU/DSU options for primary and backup WAN connectivity.
An network module or a service module is installed in one of the chassis slots, which are located on the front panel of the chassis. The modules interface directly with the supervisor engine, and cannot perform cryptographic functions; they only serve as a data input and data output physical interface.
The supervisor engine has three Ethernet uplink ports, with only two active at any time: either two Gigabit Ethernet SFP-based ports or one Gigabit Ethernet SFP-based port and one 10/100/1000 RJ-45 port. The supervisor engine also has an RJ-45 connector for a console terminal for local system access. The Ethernet ports have LINK LEDs. Power is supplied to the module from the power supply through the backplane. Figure 5 shows the LED locations on the supervisor engine front panel. Table 1 describes the LEDs.
Table 1 Supervisor Engine LED Descriptions
|
LED
|
Color/State
|
Description
|
STATUS |
Green |
All diagnostics pass. The module is operational (normal initialization sequence). |
| |
Orange |
The module is booting or running diagnostics (normal initialization sequence). An over-temperature condition has occurred. (A minor temperature threshold has been exceeded during environmental monitoring.) |
| |
Red |
The diagnostic test failed. The module is not operational because a fault occurred during the initialization sequence. An over-temperature condition has occurred. (A major temperature threshold has been exceeded during environmental monitoring.) |
SYSTEM1 |
Green |
All chassis environmental monitors are reporting OK. |
| |
Orange |
The power supply has failed or the power supply fan has failed. Incompatible power supplies are installed. The redundant clock has failed. One VTT2 module has failed or the VTT module temperature minor threshold has been exceeded. |
| |
Red |
Two VTT modules fail or the VTT module temperature major threshold has been exceeded. The temperature of the supervisor engine major threshold has been exceeded.3 |
ACTIVE |
Green |
The supervisor engine is operational and active. |
| |
Orange |
The supervisor engine is in standby mode. |
POWER MGMT |
Green |
Sufficient power is available for all modules. |
| |
Orange |
Sufficient power is not available for all modules. |
PCMCIA |
|
The PCMCIA LED is lit when no Flash PC card is installed in the slot, and it goes off when you insert a Flash PC card. |
LINK |
Green |
The port is operational. |
| |
Orange |
The link has been disabled by software. |
| |
Flashing Orange |
The link is bad and has been disabled due to a hardware failure. |
| |
Off |
No signal is detected. |
|
VPN Services Module
|
STATUS |
Green |
All non-FIPS-related diagnostic tests pass. The module is operational.4 |
| |
Red |
A diagnostic test other than an individual port test failed. |
| |
Orange |
Indicates one of three conditions: •The module is running through its boot and self-test diagnostic sequence. •The module is disabled. •The module is in the shutdown state. |
| |
Off |
The module power is off. |
| 4 All of these physical interfaces are separated into the logical interfaces from FIPS 140-2 as described in Table 2. |
Table 2 FIPS 140-2 Logical Interfaces
|
Switch and Router Physical Interfaces
|
FIPS 140-2 Logical Interface
|
Gigabit Ethernet ports SFP ports Backplane interface Console port |
Data input interface |
Gigabit Ethernet ports SFP ports Backplane interface Console port |
Data output interface |
Gigabit Ethernet ports SFP ports Backplane interface Console port Power switch |
Control input interface |
Gigabit Ethernet ports Network and service module interfaces Backplane interface Console port LEDs |
Status output interface |
Power plug |
Power interface |
Roles and Services
Authentication is role-based. There are two main roles in the router that operators may assume: the crypto officer role and the user role. The administrator of the router assumes the crypto officer role in order to configure and maintain the router using crypto officer services, while the users only use the basic user services. Both roles are authenticated by providing a valid username and password. The configuration of the encryption and decryption functionality is performed only by the crypto officer after authentication to the crypto officer role by providing a valid crypto officer username and password. After the crypto officer configures the encryption and decryption functionality, the user can use this functionality after authentication to the user role by providing a valid user username and password. The crypto officer can also use the encryption and decryption functionality after authentication to the crypto officer role.
The module supports RADIUS and TACACS+ for authentication and they are used in the FIPS mode. A complete description of all the management and configuration capabilities of the Catalyst 6500 series switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 routers can be found in the Performing Basic System Management manual and in the online help for the switch or the router.
Crypto Officer Role
During initial configuration of the router, the crypto officer password (the "enable" password) is defined. A crypto officer may assign permission to access the crypto officer role to additional accounts, which creates additional crypto officers.
The crypto officer role is responsible for the configuration and maintenance of the router. The crypto officer services consist of the following:
•Configuring the router—Defines network interfaces and settings, creates command aliases, sets the protocols the switch or router will support, enables interfaces and network services, sets system date and time, and loads authentication information.
•Defining rules and filters—Creates packet filters that are applied to user data streams on each interface. Each filter consists of a set of rules, which define a set of packets to permit- or deny-based characteristics such as protocol ID, addresses, ports, TCP connection establishment, or packet direction.
•Status functions—Views the router configuration, routing tables, and active sessions, uses the Get commands to view SNMP MIB II statistics, health, temperature, memory status, voltage, and packet statistics, reviews accounting logs, and views physical interface status.
•Managing the switch or the router—Logs off users, shuts down or reloads the switch or router, manually backs up switch or router configurations, views complete configurations, manages user rights, and restores switch or router configurations.
•Setting encryption and bypass—Sets up the configuration tables for IP tunneling. Sets keys and algorithms to be used for each IP range or allow plaintext packets to be set from a specified IP address.
•Changing port adapters—Inserts and removes adapters in a port adapter slot.
User Services
A user enters the system by accessing the console port with a terminal program or through IPsec protected telnet, or SSH session to a LAN port. Cisco IOS prompts the user for their password. If the password is correct, the user is allowed entry to the Cisco IOS executive program. The user services consist of the following:
•Status functions—Views state of interfaces, state of Layer 2 protocols, and version of Cisco IOS currently running.
•Network functions—Connects to other network devices (using outgoing TELNET or PPP) and initiates diagnostic network services (that is, ping, mtrace).
•Terminal functions—Adjusts the terminal session (for example, locks the terminal, adjusts flow control).
•Directory Services—Displays the directory of files kept in flash memory.
Installing the Opacity Shield on the Catalyst 6500 Series Switches
The Catalyst 6500 series opacity shield is designed to be installed while the system is operating without creating an electrical hazard or damage to the system. You will need some clearance between adjacent racks in order to perform this procedure. This procedure is applicable to the following Catalyst 6500 series switches:
•Catalyst 6506 switch
•Catalyst 6506-E switch
•Catalyst 6509 switch
•Catalyst 6509-E switch
Note The opacity shield part number is located on the outside of the protective packaging.
To install an opacity shield on the Catalyst 6500 series switches, follow these steps:
Step 1 The opacity shield is designed to be installed on a Catalyst 6500 series switch chassis that is already rack-mounted. If your Catalyst 6500 series switch chassis is not rack-mounted, install the chassis in the rack using the procedures contained in the Catalyst 6500 Series Switches Installation Guide. If your Catalyst 6500 series switch chassis is already rack-mounted, proceed to step 2.
Step 2 Open the FIPS kit packaging (part number CVPN6500FIPS/KIT=). The kit contains the following items:
•A packaged opacity shield assembly with installation hardware for the Catalyst 6506 and Catalyst 6506-E switch chassis (part number 800-27009-xx).
•A packaged opacity shield assembly with installation hardware for the Catalyst 6509 and Catalyst 6509-E switch chassis (part number 800-26335-xx).
•An envelope with 60 FIPS tamper evidence labels.
•An envelope containing a disposable ESD wrist strap.
Step 3 Select the appropriate opacity shield kit for your system. Set the other opacity shield kit aside.
Step 4 Open the protective packaging and remove the opacity shield and the two bags of installation hardware. The bag with the part number 69-1482-xx contains the installation hardware for non-E chassis; the other bag (part number 69-1497-xx) contains the installation hardware for -E chassis. Select the bag of installation hardware appropriate for your installation. Set the second bag of fasteners aside; you will not need them for this installation.
Step 5 Open the bag of installation hardware and remove the following:
•(Bag with part number 69-1482-xx)—Two M3 thumbscrews, four M3 snap rivet fasteners. The snap rivet fasteners come assembled; you need to separate the two pieces of the snap rivet fastener by removing the snap rivet pin from the snap rivet sleeve before you install them in the opacity shield.
•(Bag with part number 69-1497-xx)—Two M4 thumbscrews, four M4 snap rivet fastener sleeves, and four M4 snap rivet pins.
Note Extra snap fasteners are included in the bags of installation hardware in case of loss or damage.
Note Installation hardware from one bag is not interchangeable with the installation hardware from the second bag.
Step 6 Start the two thumbscrews in the corresponding threaded holes in the opacity shield; two or three turns is sufficient. Do not thread the screws too far into the opacity shield. (See Figure 6 for the Catalyst 6506 and Catalyst 6506-E switches, or Figure 7 for the Catalyst 6509 and Catalyst 6509-E switches.) The opacity shield for the Catalyst 6509 or Catalyst 6509-E chassis is identified by a 6509-E that is silk-screened adjacent to several of the threaded holes; the opacity shield for the Catalyst 6506 or Catalyst 6506-E chassis is identified by a 6506-E that is silk-screened adjacent to several of the threaded holes
Step 7 Open the envelope containing the disposable ESD wrist strap. Attach the disposable ESD wrist strap to your wrist. Attach the other end of the wrist strap to exposed metal on the chassis.
Step 8 Position the opacity shield over the air intake side of the chassis so that the two thumbscrews on the opacity shield are aligned with the unused L-bracket screw holes on the chassis.
Step 9 Press the opacity shield firmly against the air intake side of the chassis and hand tighten the two thumbscrews to secure the opacity shield to the chassis.
Step 10 Position the rivet sleeve over either one of the square cutouts on the opacity shield (non-E chassis) or over the one of the round cutouts on the opacity shield (-E chassis). Refer to Figure 6 or Figure 7 for snap rivet fastener placement. Press the rivet sleeve through the cutout, through the opacity shield material, and through one of the chassis air vent perforations.
Note You might need to try different cutouts to find the one cutout that aligns correctly with a chassis air vent perforation.
Step 11 Take the rivet pin and push it through the rivet sleeve until you hear a click.
Note If you do not hear a click, remove and inspect the snap rivet fastener. If the rivet sleeve appears expanded or damaged, discard the snap rivet fastener and use a new one from the extras supplied in the bag of installation hardware.
Step 12 Repeat step 10 and step 11 for the remaining three snap rivet fasteners. Refer to Figure 6 (Catalyst 6506 and Catalyst 6506-E) or Figure 7 (Catalyst 6509 and Catalyst 6509-E) for snap rivet fastener placement.
Caution
Due to decreased airflow when using the opacity shield, which is required for FIPS 140-2 validation, short-term operation as specified by GR-63-CORE at 55º C is impacted. Short-term operation requirements will only be met at 40º C. Without the opacity shield installed, the system will meet the short-term operations requirements at 55º C.
Caution
We recommend that you replace the opacity shield every three months to prevent dust build-up and the possibility of overheating the chassis. If the environment is especially dusty, inspect and replace the opacity shield more often.
Note If you need to remove the chassis from the rack, you must first remove the opacity shield. With the opacity shield installed, the chassis is too wide to slide out of the rack.
Figure 6 Installing the Opacity Shield on the Catalyst 6506 or Catalyst 6506-E Switch
Figure 7 Installing the Opacity Shield on the Catalyst 6509 or Catalyst 6509-E Switch
Installing the Opacity Shield on the Cisco 7600 Series Routers
This section describes how to install the opacity shield on the Cisco 7606 router. The opacity shield, associated installation hardware, and tamper evidence labels are part of the Cisco 7600 FIPS kit
(part number CVPN7600FIPS/KIT=). The opacity shield is designed to be installed on the Cisco 7606 router while the system is operating without creating an electrical hazard or damage to the system. You will need some clearance between adjacent racks in order to perform this procedure.
The opacity shield is not required for the Cisco 7609 router chassis. The Cisco 7609 router chassis satisfies the FIPS opacity requirement without an external shield.
To install an opacity shield on the Cisco 7606 router chassis (see Figure 8), follow these steps:
Step 1 The opacity shield is designed to be installed on a Cisco 7606 chassis that is already rack-mounted. If your Cisco 7606 chassis is not rack-mounted, install the chassis in the rack using the procedures contained in the Cisco 7600 Series Router Installation Guide. If your Cisco 7606 chassis is already rack-mounted, proceed to step 2.
Step 2 Open the FIPS kit packaging (part number CVPN7600FIPS/KIT=). The kit contains the following:
•An opacity shield assembly for the Cisco 7606 router (part number 800-26211-xx). The opacity shield part number is located on the outside of the protective packaging.
•A bag containing the installation hardware (In some kits there is no bag; the installation hardware is premounted in the opacity shield.
•An envelope with 30 FIPS tamper evidence labels and a disposable ESD wrist strap.
Step 3 Remove the opacity shield from its protective packaging.
a. If the thumbscrews and the snap rivet fasteners are already installed on the opacity shield, remove the four snap rivet fasteners from the opacity shield; leave the thumbscrews installed. Proceed to step 5.
Note Verify that the thumbscrews are started only two or three turns in the opacity shield.
b. If the opacity shield comes with a bag of installation hardware (69-1483-xx), open the bag and remove the two thumbscrews and four snap rivet fasteners. The snap rivet fasteners come assembled; you need to separate the two pieces of the snap rivet fastener by removing the snap rivet pin from the snap rivet sleeve before you install them. Proceed to step 4.
Note Extra snap rivet fasteners are included in the bag of installation hardware in case of loss or damage.
Step 4 Start the two thumbscrews in the corresponding threaded holes in the opacity shield (see Figure 8); two or three turns is sufficient. Do not thread the thumbscrews too far into the opacity shield.
Step 5 Open the envelope containing the disposable ESD wrist strap. Attach the disposable ESD wrist strap to your wrist. Attach the other end of the wrist strap to exposed metal on the chassis.
Step 6 Position the opacity shield over the air intake side of the chassis so that the two thumbscrews on the opacity shield are aligned with the unused L-bracket screw holes on the chassis.
Step 7 Press the opacity shield firmly against the side of the chassis and secure the opacity shield to the chassis with the two thumbscrews.
Step 8 Position the rivet sleeve over one of the square cutouts on the opacity shield. Refer to Figure 8 for snap rivet fastener placement. Press the rivet sleeve through the cutout, through the opacity shield material, and through one of the chassis air vent perforations.
Note You might need to try different cutouts to find the one cutout that aligns correctly with a chassis air vent perforation.
Step 9 Push the rivet pin through the rivet sleeve until you hear a click.
Note If you do not hear a click, remove and inspect the snap rivet fastener. If the rivet sleeve appears expanded or damaged, discard the snap rivet fastener and use a new one from the extras supplied in the bag of fasteners.
Step 10 Repeat step 8 and step 9 for the remaining three snap rivet fasteners.
Caution
Due to decreased airflow when using the opacity shield, which is required for FIPS 140-2 validation, short-term operation as specified by GR-63-CORE at 55º C is impacted. Short-term operation requirements will only be met at 40º C. Without the opacity shield installed, the system will meet the short-term operations requirements at 55º C.
Caution
We recommend that you change the opacity shield every three months to prevent dust build-up and the possibility of overheating the chassis. If the environment is especially dusty, inspect and replace the opacity shield more often.
Note If you need to remove the Catalyst 6509 chassis from the rack, you must first remove the opacity shield. With the opacity shield installed, the chassis is too wide to slide out of the rack.
Figure 8 Installing the Opacity Shield on the Cisco 7606 Router
Physical Security
The router is entirely encased by a thick steel chassis. Nine module slots are provided on the Catalyst 6509 switch, Catalyst 6509-E switch, and the Cisco 7609 router; six module slots are provided on the Catalyst 6506 switch, Catalyst 6506-E switch, and Cisco 7606 router. On-board LAN connectors and console connectors are provided on the supervisor engines, and the power cable connection and a power switch are provided on the power supply of both models. The individual modules that comprise the switch or the router may be removed to allow access to the internal components of each module.
Any chassis slot that is not populated with a module must have a slot cover installed in order to operate in a FIPS compliant mode. The slot covers are included with each chassis, and additional slot covers may be ordered from Cisco. Use the procedure described here to apply tamper evidence labels to the network modules and the service modules.
Note Use the same procedure to apply tamper evidence labels to the slot covers.
After the router or the switch has been configured to meet FIPS 140-2 Level 2 requirements, the router or the switch cannot be accessed without indicating signs of tampering. To seal the system with serialized tamper-evidence labels, follow these steps:
Step 1 Remove any grease, dirt, or oil from the cover by using alcohol-based cleaning pads before applying the tamper evidence labels. The chassis temperature should be above 10° C (50° F).
Step 2 Place labels on the chassis as shown in either Figure 10 (Catalyst 6509 switch), Figure 11 (Cisco 7606 router), or Figure 12 (Cisco 7609 router).
a. Fan tray—The tamper evidence label should be placed so that one half of the label adheres to the front of the fan tray and the other half adheres to the left side of the chassis. Any attempt to remove the fan tray will damage the tamper seal, which indicates tampering has occurred.
b. Modules—For each Supervisor Engine 720, VPN Services Module, network module, or blank module cover installed in the chassis, place a tamper evidence label so that one half of the label adheres to the right side of the module and the other half adheres to the right side of the chassis. Place a second tamper evidence label so that one half of the label adheres to the left side of the module and the other half adheres to the left side of the chassis. Any attempt to remove the fan tray will damage the tamper seal, which indicates tampering has occurred.
c. Power supply—For each power supply or power supply blank cover installed in the chassis, place a tamper evidence label so that one half of the label adheres to the front of the power supply or power supply blank cover and the other half adheres to the chassis. Any attempt to remove the fan tray will damage the tamper seal, which indicates tampering has occurred.
d. Opacity shield—Four labels should be applied to the opacity shield (mounted on the right side of the chassis) as follows:
•Place one label so that one half of the label adheres to the top of the opacity shield and the other half adheres to the chassis.
•Place one label so that one half of the label adheres to the left side of the opacity shield and the other half adheres to the chassis.
•Place one label so that one half of the label adheres to the right side of the opacity shield and the other half adheres to the chassis.
•For the Catalyst 6509 switch chassis only, place one label so that one half of the label adheres to the bottom of the opacity shield and the other half adheres to the right side of the chassis.
•For the Cisco 7606 router chassis only, place one label so that one half of the label adheres to the bottom of the opacity shield and the other half adheres to the bottom of the chassis.
Note The Cisco 7609 router does not have an opacity shield.
Step 3 Place labels on each supervisor engine installed in the chassis as shown in either Figure 9 (Catalyst 6506 and Catalyst 6506-E switches), Figure 10 (Catalyst 6509 and Catalyst 6509-E switches), Figure 11 (Cisco 7606 router), or Figure 12 (Cisco 7609 router).
a. Place a tamper evidence label so that one half of the label adheres to the PCMCIA slot and the other half adheres to the Supervisor Engine 2 faceplate. Any attempt to install or remove a Flash PC card will damage the tamper seal, which indicates tampering has occurred.
b. Place a tamper evidence label so that one half of the label adheres to the GBIC transceiver installed in the supervisor engine 2 network interface uplink port and the other half adheres to the Supervisor Engine 2 faceplate. Any attempt to remove a GBIC transceiver will damage the tamper seal, which indicates tampering has occurred.
c. Place a tamper evidence label so that it completely covers an unpopulated network interface uplink port. Any attempt to install a GBIC transceiver in the network interface uplink port will damage the tamper seal, which indicates tampering has occurred.
Note The tamper seal label adhesive completely cures within five minutes.
Figure 9 Catalyst 6506 and Catalyst 6506-E Switch Chassis Tamper Evidence Label Placement
Figure 10 Catalyst 6509 and Catalyst 6509-E Switch Chassis Tamper Evidence Label Placement
Figure 11 Cisco 7606 Router Chassis Tamper Evidence Label Placement
Figure 12 Cisco 7609 Router Chassis Tamper Evidence Label Placement
The tamper evidence seals are made from a special thin-gauge vinyl with self-adhesive backing. Any attempt to open the chassis, remove the modules or power supplies, or remove the opacity shield will damage the tamper evidence seals or the painted surface and metal of the chassis. Because the tamper evidence seals have nonrepeated serial numbers, they may be inspected for damage and compared against the applied serial numbers to verify that the module has not been tampered with. Tamper evidence seals can also be inspected for signs of tampering, which include the following: curled corners, bubbling, crinkling, rips, tears, and slices. The word "OPEN" may appear if the label was peeled back.
Cryptographic Key Management
The switch or the router securely administers both cryptographic keys and other critical security parameters such as passwords. The tamper evidence seals provide physical protection for all keys. Keys are also password protected and can be zeroized by the crypto officer. Keys are exchanged manually and entered electronically using manual key exchange or Internet Key Exchange (IKE).
Chassis containing the VPN Services Module and a cryptographic accelerator card support FIPS 140-2 approved algorithms: 3DES, SHA-1, SHA-1 HMAC, and RNG. The router or switch is in the approved mode of operation only when FIPS 140-2 approved algorithms are used. The following are not FIPS 140-2 approved algorithms: DES, MD5, and DH. DH is allowed for use in key establishment.
The module supports two types of key management schemes:
•Pre-shared key exchange through electronic key entry. 3DES key and HMAC-SHA-1 key are exchanged and entered electronically.A symmetric manual key exchange method. DES and 3DES keys and HMAC-SHA-1 keys are exchanged manually and entered electronically.
•The IKE method with support for exchanging preshared keys manually and entering electronically.
–The preshared keys are used with Diffie-Hellman key agreement technique to derive DES or 3DES keys.
–The preshared key is also used to derive HMAC-SHA-1 key.
The system supports commercially available methods of key establishment including Diffie-Hellman and IKE. Refer to the Cisco IOS Reference Guide for further information.
All preshared keys are associated with the CO role that created the keys and the CO role is protected by a password. Therefore, the CO password is associated with all the pre-shared keys. The crypto officer needs to be authenticated to store keys. All Diffie-Hellman (DH) keys agreed upon for individual tunnels are directly associated with that specific tunnel only through the IKE protocol.
The module supports the critical security parameters (CSPs) as described in Table 3. The keys stored in NVRAM are in plaintext unless the configuration file encryption key is configured using the key config-key command.
Table 3 Critical Security Parameters
|
Name
|
Algorithm
|
Description
|
Storage
|
Zeroization Method
|
PRNG seed |
X9.31 |
This is the seed for X9.31 PRNG. This CSP is stored in DRAM and updated periodically after the generation of 400 bytes - after this it is reseeded with router-derived entropy; hence, it is zeroized periodically. Also, the operator can turn off the router to zeroize this CSP. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Automatically every 400 bytes or turn off the switch or router. |
Diffie Hellman private exponent |
DH |
The private exponent used in Diffie-Hellman (DH) exchange. It is zeroized after a DH shared secret has been generated. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Turn off the switch or router. |
skeyid |
Keyed SHA-1 |
The value derived from the shared secret within IKE exchange. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Turn off the switch or router. |
skeyid_d |
Keyed SHA-1 |
The IKE key derivation key for non-ISAKMP security associations. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Turn off the switch or router. |
skeyid_a |
SHA-1, HMAC, or DES MAC |
The ISAKMP security association authentication key. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Turn off the switch or router. |
skeyid_e |
DES/TDES |
The ISAKMP security association encryption key. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Turn off the switch or router. |
IKE session encrypt key |
DES/TDES |
The IKE session encryption key. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Turn off the switch or router. |
IKE session authentication key |
SHA-1, HMAC, or DES MAC |
The IKE session authentication key. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Turn off the switch or router. |
ISAKMP preshared |
Secret |
The key used to generate IKE skeyid during preshared-key authentication. The no crypto isakmp key command zeroizes it. This key can have two forms based on whether the key is related to the hostname or the IP address. |
NVRAM (plaintext or encrypted) |
no crypto isakmp key |
IKE hash key |
SHA-1, HMAC |
This key generates the IKE shared secret keys. The key is zeroized after generating those keys. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
|
Secret 1_0_0 |
|
The fixed key used in Cisco vendor-ID generation. This key is embedded in the module binary image and can be deleted by erasing the flash memory. |
NVRAM (plaintext or encrypted) |
|
IPsec encryption key |
DES/TDES |
The IPsec encryption key. It is zeroized when IPsec session is terminated. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Turn off the switch or router. |
IPsec authentication key |
SHA-1, HMAC, or DES MAC |
The IPsec authentication key. It is zeroized when IPsec session is terminated. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Turn off the switch or router. |
Router authentication key 1 |
Shared secret |
This key is used by the router to authenticate itself to the peer. The router or switch gets the password (that is used as this key) from the AAA server and sends it onto the peer. The password retrieved from the AAA server is zeroized upon completion of the authentication attempt. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Automatically after the completion of the authentication attempt. |
PPP authentication key |
RFC 1334 |
The authentication key used in PPP. This key is in the DRAM and not zeroized at runtime. To zeroize the key, you can turn off the switch or the router. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Turn off the switch or router. |
Router authentication key 2K |
Shared secret |
This key is used by the router to authenticate itself to the peer. The key is identical to Router authentication key 1 except that it is retrieved from the local database (on the switch or router). Issuing the command no username password zeroizes the password (that is used as this key) from the local database. |
NVRAM (plaintext or encrypted) |
no username password |
SSH session key |
Various symmetric |
This is the SSH session key. It is zeroized when the SSH session is terminated. |
DRAM (plaintext) |
Automatically when the SSH session is terminated |
User password |
Shared secret |
The password of the user role. This password is zeroized by overwriting it with a new password. |
NVRAM (plaintext or encrypted) |
Overwrite with a new password |
Enable password |
Shared secret |
The plaintext password of the cryptographic officer (CO) role. This password is zeroized by overwriting it with a new password. |
NVRAM (plaintext or encrypted) |
Overwrite with a new password |
Enable secret |
Shared secret |
The ciphertext password of the cryptographic officer (CO) role. The algorithm used to encrypt this password is not FIPS approved; this password is considered plaintext for FIPS purposes. This password is zeroized by overwriting it with a new password. |
NVRAM (plaintext or encrypted) |
Overwrite with a new password |
RADIUS secret |
Shared secret |
The RADIUS shared secret. This shared secret is zeroized by executing the no form of the RADIUS shared-secret set command. |
NVRAM (plaintext or encrypted)
DRAM (plaintext) |
# no radius-server key |
TACACS+ secret |
Shared secret |
The TACACS+ shared secret. This shared secret is zeroized by executing the no form of the TACACS+ shared-secret set command. |
NVRAM (plaintext or encrypted)
DRAM (plaintext) |
# no tacacs-server key |
Note All RSA operations are prohibited by policy and the commands that can be executed by the cryptographic officer are shown as a command in the zeroization method column.
Table 4 lists the services accessing the CSPs, the type of access and which role accesses the CSPs.
Table 4 Role and Service Access to Critical Security Parameters (CSPs)
|
SRDI/Role/
Service Access Policy
|
Security Relevant
Data Item
|
Critical Security Parameters
|
Role/Service |
|
— |
User Role |
|
— |
Status Functions |
|
— |
Network Functions |
|
•PRNG Seed, DH private exponent, skeyid, skeyid_d, skeyid_a, skeyid_e, IKE session encrypt key, IKE session authentication key, ISAKMP preshared, IKE hash key, secret_1_0_0, IPsec encrypt key, IPsec authentication key, Router authentication key 1, PPP authentication key, Router authentication key 2, SSH session key, user password (R) |
Terminal Functions |
|
— |
Directory Services |
|
— |
Crypto-Officer Role |
|
— |
Configure the Router |
|
•Secret_1_0_0 (R/W/D) •Router authentication key 2 (R/W/D) |
Define Rules and Filters |
|
— |
Status Functions |
|
— |
Manage the Router |
|
•PRNG Seed (R) •Router authentication key 1 (R/W/D) •PPP authentication key (D) •User password, Enable password, Enable secret, RADIUS secret, TACACS+ secret (R/W/D) |
Set Encryption/Bypass |
|
•PRNG Seed, DH private exponent, skeyid, skeyid_d, skeyid_a, skeyid_e, IKE session encrypt key, IKE session authentication key, ISAKMP preshared, IKE hash key, secret_1_0_0, IPsec encrypt key, IPsec authentication key, SSH session key (R/W/D) •PPP authentication key (R/W) |
Change WAN Interface Cards |
|
— |
Key Zeroization
All of the keys and CSPs of the module can be zeroized. Refer to the description column of Table 3 for information on methods to zeroize each key and CSP.
Self-Tests
To prevent any secure data from being released, it is important to test the cryptographic components of a security module to ensure that all components are functioning correctly. The router or switch includes an array of self-tests that are run during startup and periodically during operations. An example of the self-tests is the Cryptographic Known Answer test (KAT) on each of the FIPS 140-2 approved cryptographic algorithms and on the Diffie-Hellman algorithm. In addition, a software integrity test is performed power-up. If any of the self-tests fail, the router transitions into an error state. Within the error state, all secure data transmission is halted and the router outputs status information indicating the failure.
Examples of errors that cause the system to transition to an error state include:
•IOS image integrity checksum failed
•Microprocessor overheats and burns out.
•Known answer test failed
•NVRAM module malfunction
•High temperature warning
VPN Services Module (Cryptographic Accelerator) Self-Tests
•Power-up self-tests (POST)
–HMAC-SHA-1 Known Answer Test (KAT)
–SHA-1 KAT
–3DES KAT
–RNG KAT
–Diffie-Hellman test
Cisco IOS Software Self-Tests
•Power-up tests
–Software/firmware test
–Power up bypass test
•Conditional tests
–Conditional bypass tests
Secure Operation of the Catalyst 6500 Series Switches and the Cisco 7606 and Cisco 7609 Routers
The Catalyst 6500 series switches and the Cisco 7606 router and the Cisco 7609 router with the VPN Services Module meets all the Level 2 requirements for FIPS 140-2. Follow the setting guidelines provided in the following sections to place the module in a FIPS-approved mode of operation. Operating this router or switch without maintaining the following settings will remove the module from the FIPS-approved mode of operation.
Initial Setup
Before configuring the router or switch, note these requirements:
• The crypto officer must ensure that the VPN Services Module cryptographic accelerator card is installed in the chassis by visually confirming the presence of the VPN Services Module.
•The crypto officer must apply tamper evidence labels as described in the "Physical Security" section of this document.
•Only the crypto officer may add and remove network modules. When removing the tamper evidence label, the crypto officer should remove the entire label from the chassis and clean the cover of any grease, dirt, or oil with an alcohol-based cleaning pad. The crypto officer must reapply tamper evidence labels on the router as described in the "Physical Security" section.
•The crypto officer must apply the opacity shield as described in the "Physical Security" section of this document.
Initializing and Configuring the System
To initialize and configure the system, the crypto officer must perform the following operations:
•The crypto officer must perform the initial configuration. Cisco IOS Release 12.2(18)SXE, Advanced security build (advsecurity) is the only allowable image; no other image may be loaded.
•The value of the boot field must be 0x0102 (the factory default). This setting disables the break from the console to the ROM monitor and automatically boots the Cisco IOS image. From the configure terminal command line, the crypto officer enters the following syntax:
•The crypto officer must create the enable password for the crypto officer role. The password must be at least eight characters (all digits, all lower and uppercase letters, and all special characters except `?' are accepted) and is entered when the crypto officer first engages the enable command. The crypto officer enters the following syntax at the "#" prompt:
•The crypto officer must always assign passwords (of at least eight characters) to users.
•Identification and authentication on the console port is required for users. From the configure terminal command line, the crypto officer enters the following syntax:
•The crypto officer shall only assign users to a privilege level 1 (the default).
•The crypto officer shall not assign a command to any privilege level other than its default.
•The crypto officer may configure the module to use RADIUS or TACACS+ for authentication. Configuring the module to use RADIUS or TACACS+ for authentication is optional. If the module is configured to use RADIUS or TACACS+, the Crypto-Officer must define RADIUS or TACACS+ shared secret keys that are at least 8 characters long.
•If the crypto officer loads any Cisco IOS image onto the switch or router, this will put the switch or router into a non-FIPS mode of operation.
IPsec Requirements and Cryptographic Algorithms
The only type of key management method allowed in FIPS mode is Internet Key Exchange (IKE).
Although the Cisco IOS implementation of IKE allows a number of algorithms, only the following algorithms are allowed in a FIPS 140-2 configuration:
•ah-sha-hmac
•esp-sha-hmac
•esp-3des
The following algorithms are not FIPS approved (or not implemented in fully-FIPS approved means) and should not be used during FIPS-approved mode:
•DES
•MD-5 for signing
•MD-5 HMAC
•RSA
Protocols
SNMP v3 over a secure IPsec tunnel can be employed for authenticated, secure SNMP gets and sets. Since SNMP v2C uses community strings for authentication, only gets are allowed under SNMP v2C. If the SSP protocol is used to support high-availability relationships between modules, the SSP connections must be configured to operate over an authenticated and encrypted IPsec tunnel.
Remote Access
Telnet access to the system is only allowed through a secure IPsec tunnel between the remote system and the module. The Crypto officer must configure the module so that any remote connections using Telnet are secured through IPsec using FIPS-approved algorithms.
SSH access to the system is only allowed if SSH is configured to use a FIPS-approved algorithm. The Crypto officer must configure the module so that SSH uses only FIPS-approved algorithms.
Note All users must authenticate after remote access is granted.
Disable Console Access
Once the module is configured, access to the console port must be disabled to prevent a user from accessing ROMMON and disabling the password. This is done by placing a tamper evidence label over the console port.
Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request
For information on obtaining documentation, submitting a service request, and gathering additional information, see the monthly What's New in Cisco Product Documentation, which also lists all new and revised Cisco technical documentation, at:
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/general/whatsnew/whatsnew.html
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