Understand Basic BGP Troubleshoot
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Updated:February 7, 2024
Document ID:220604
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Introduction
This document describes the procedure to perform Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) troubleshooting and understanding of the basic outputs on a Nexus.
Prerequisites
Requirements
Cisco recommends that you have knowledge of these topics:
- Nexus Switches
- BGP
Components Used
This document is not restricted to specific software and hardware versions.
The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, ensure that you understand the potential impact of any command.
Background Information
BGP is an exterior gateway protocol used in large-scale networks to enable the exchange of routing and reachability information between autonomous systems (ASes). It is the core routing protocol that powers the Internet global routing system.
Identify Configuration Implemented for BGP Peers
Validate the feature BGP is enabled on Nexus 9300.
Identify and understand the configuration for the BGP process.
switch# show running-config bgp
!Command: show running-config bgp
!Running configuration last done at: Tue Jul 18 19:45:05 2023
!Time: Tue Jul 18 19:45:44 2023
version 10.2(4) Bios:version 05.47
feature bgp
router bgp 64512 -> The AS number of the local BGP speaker.
router-id 172.17.255.255 -> BGP speaker identifier.
address-family ipv4 unicast -> Global address family configuration.
network 10.100.1.0/24 -> Specifies a network as local to this autonomous system and adds it to the BGP routing table.
redistribute direct route-map permit_all -> Routes redistribution from other routing protocols (OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, Static)
neighbor 10.1.1.1 -> IP address of the remote BGP peer.
remote-as 64512 -> The AS number of the remote BGP peer.*
address-family ipv4 unicast -> Local address family configuration.
prefix-list allow_in in -> Prefix-list applied at the inbound of the BGP peer. **
prefix-list allow_out out -> Prefix-list applied at the outbound of the BGP peer. **
soft-reconfiguration inbound always -> Store the inbound BGP route updates.
neighbor 172.18.255.255
remote-as 65535
update-source loopback10 -> Interface used to source BGP updates.
ebgp-multihop 3 -> Maximum hops to reach peer IP address, it modifies the TTL of the BGP packets
address-family ipv4 unicast
route-map block_route in -> Route-map applied at the inbound of the BGP peer. **
route-map no_local out -> Route-map applied at the outbound of the BGP peer. **
soft-reconfiguration inbound always
Note: Same ASN configured at local and remote identifies an iBGP session, a different ASN configured identifies an eBGP session.
The route map has a higher hierarchy value than a prefix list applied to the same peer.
How to Understand Basic BGP Outputs
BGP peer status
switch# show ip bgp summary
BGP summary information for VRF default, address family IPv4 Unicast
BGP router identifier 172.17.255.255, local AS number 64512 -> Local BGP ID and ASN
BGP table version is 67, IPv4 Unicast config peers 2, capable peers 2
20 network entries and 19 paths using 5424 bytes of memory
BGP attribute entries [6/2112], BGP AS path entries [2/20]
BGP community entries [0/0], BGP clusterlist entries [0/0]
13 received paths for inbound soft reconfiguration
12 identical, 0 modified, 1 filtered received paths using 96 bytes
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
10.1.1.1 4 64512 346 334 67 0 0 05:25:12 8 -> BGP peer IP address, remote ASN, Time session has been established or down, amount of prefixes received.
172.18.255.255 4 65535 334 327 67 0 0 05:18:00 8
Note: Up/Down section displays the time the BGP peer session has been up or down.
State/PfxRcd section displays the BGP state the session is currently on. It shows the number of prefixes learned from its peer when the state is established.
BGP STATES |
|
|---|---|
| Idle | This is the first state where BGP waits for a “start event”. The start event occurs when someone configures a new BGP neighbor or when we reset an established BGP peering. |
| Connect | BGP is waiting for the TCP three-way handshake to complete. When it is successful, it continues to the OpenSent state. In case it fails, we continue to the Active state. |
| Active | BGP tries another TCP three-way handshake to establish a connection with the remote BGP neighbor. If it is successful, moves to the OpenSent state. If the ConnectRetry timer expires then we move back to the Connect state. |
| OpenSent | In this state, BGP waits for an Open message from the remote BGP neighbor. |
| OpenConfirm | BGP waits for a keepalive message from the remote BGP neighbor. |
| Established | The BGP neighbor adjacency is complete and the BGP routers send update packets to exchange routing information. |
Understand BGP peer information.
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 10.1.1.1
BGP neighbor is 10.1.1.1, remote AS 64512, ibgp link, Peer index 3 -> Peer IP address, remote ASN, type of bgp peering.
BGP version 4, remote router ID 172.16.255.255 -> BGP version, Peer Router ID
Neighbor previous state = OpenConfirm -> Previous BGP state
BGP state = Established, up for 00:05:29 -> Current BGP state and amount of time on it
Neighbor vrf: default -> VRF used for the peering.
Peer is directly attached, interface Ethernet1/49 -> Interface used to source the updates
Last read 00:00:28, hold time = 180, keepalive interval is 60 seconds -> Amount of time from last keepalive received and BGP timers (default)
Last written 00:00:28, keepalive timer expiry due 00:00:31 -> Amount of time from last keepalive sent
Received 363 messages, 0 notifications, 0 bytes in queue
Sent 354 messages, 1 notifications, 0(0) bytes in queue
Enhanced error processing: On
0 discarded attributes
Connections established 2, dropped 1 -> Counters informing the amount of times the BGP seesion has gone up/down
Last update recd 00:05:28, Last update sent = 00:05:28 -> Timer of the last major bgp table update sent and received.
Last reset by us 00:06:21, due to holdtimer expired error -> Last reset timer and reset reason.
Last error length sent: 0
Reset error value sent: 0
Reset error sent major: 4 minor: 0
Notification data sent:
Last reset by peer never, due to No error
Last error length received: 0
Reset error value received 0
Reset error received major: 0 minor: 0
Notification data received:
Neighbor capabilities:
Dynamic capability: advertised (mp, refresh, gr) received (mp, refresh, gr)
Dynamic capability (old): advertised received
Route refresh capability (new): advertised received
Route refresh capability (old): advertised received
4-Byte AS capability: advertised received
Address family IPv4 Unicast: advertised received
Graceful Restart capability: advertised received
Graceful Restart Parameters:
Address families advertised to peer:
IPv4 Unicast
Address families received from peer:
IPv4 Unicast
Forwarding state preserved by peer for:
Restart time advertised to peer: 120 seconds
Stale time for routes advertised by peer: 300 seconds
Restart time advertised by peer: 120 seconds
Extended Next Hop Encoding Capability: advertised received
Receive IPv6 next hop encoding Capability for AF:
IPv4 Unicast VPNv4 Unicast
Message statistics:
Sent Rcvd
Opens: 2 2
Notifications: 1 0
Updates: 22 20
Keepalives: 340 339
Route Refresh: 1 0
Capability: 2 2
Total: 354 363
Total bytes: 7949 7524
Bytes in queue: 0 0
For address family: IPv4 Unicast
BGP table version 88, neighbor version 88
8 accepted prefixes (8 paths), consuming 2176 bytes of memory
0 received prefixes treated as withdrawn
11 sent prefixes (11 paths) -> Amount of prefixes advertises to peer.
Inbound soft reconfiguration allowed(always)
Third-party Nexthop will not be computed.
Inbound ip prefix-list configured is allow_in, handle obtained
Outbound ip prefix-list configured is allow_out, handle obtained
Last End-of-RIB received 00:00:01 after session start
Last End-of-RIB sent 00:00:01 after session start
First convergence 00:00:01 after session start with 11 routes sent
Local host: 10.1.1.2, Local port: 28262
Foreign host: 10.1.1.1, Foreign port: 179
fd = 73
Understand BGP table
This output displays the status, next hop, metric, local preference, weight, and AS-path of all prefixes learned in the BGP table.
switch# show ip bgp
BGP routing table information for VRF default, address family IPv4 Unicast
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>r10.1.1.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 100 32768 ?
*>i10.100.1.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.2.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.3.0/24 10.1.1.1 150 0 i
*>i10.100.4.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.5.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.6.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.7.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.8.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>r172.17.255.255/32 0.0.0.0 0 100 32768 ?
*>e172.30.1.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.2.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.3.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.4.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.5.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.6.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.7.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.8.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>r192.168.1.0/30 0.0.0.0 0 100 32768 ?
Prefixes are advertised to a specific BGP neighbor.
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 172.18.255.255 advertised-routes
Peer 172.18.255.255 routes for address family IPv4 Unicast:
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i10.100.1.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.2.0/24 10.1.1.1 100 0 i
*>i10.100.3.0/24 10.1.1.1 150 0 i
*>i10.100.4.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.5.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.6.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.7.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*>i10.100.8.0/24 10.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
Prefixes received from a BGP peer before any filters (prefix list and/or route map)*
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 172.18.255.255 received-routes
Peer 172.18.255.255 routes for address family IPv4 Unicast:
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* e172.18.255.255/32 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.1.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.2.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.3.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.4.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.5.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.6.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.7.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.8.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
Note
Prefixes received from a BGP peer after filters (prefix-list and/or route-map)
switch# show ip bgp neighbors 172.18.255.255 routes
Peer 172.18.255.255 routes for address family IPv4 Unicast:
BGP table version is 88, Local Router ID is 172.17.255.255
Status: s-suppressed, x-deleted, S-stale, d-dampened, h-history, *-valid, >-best
Path type: i-internal, e-external, c-confed, l-local, a-aggregate, r-redist, I-injected
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete, | - multipath, & - backup, 2 - best2
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>e172.30.1.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.2.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.3.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.4.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 ?
*>e172.30.5.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.6.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.7.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
*>e172.30.8.0/24 172.18.255.255 0 0 65535 65534 65533 ?
Detail path information for a specific prefix.
switch# show ip bgp 172.30.6.0
BGP routing table information for VRF default, address family IPv4 Unicast
BGP routing table entry for 172.30.6.0/24, version 28 -> Prefix and mask
Paths: (3 available, best #3) -> Number of possible paths and which one is selected as best option
Flags: (0x8000001a) (high32 00000000) on xmit-list, is in urib, is best urib route, is in HW
Path type: external, path is valid, not best reason: Router Id, no labeled nexthop
AS-Path: 65535 65534 65533 , path sourced external to AS -> As Path to reach the prefix*
172.20.255.255 (metric 0) from 172.20.255.255 (172.20.255.255) -> Next hop towards the prefix
Origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, weight 0
Path type: external, path is valid, not best reason: newer EBGP path, no labeled nexthop
AS-Path: 65535 65534 65533 , path sourced external to AS
172.19.255.255 (metric 0) from 172.19.255.255 (172.19.255.255)
Origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, weight 0
Advertised path-id 1
Path type: external, path is valid, is best path, no labeled nexthop, in rib -> Path selection motive
AS-Path: 65535 65534 65533 , path sourced external to AS
172.18.255.255 (metric 0) from 172.18.255.255 (172.18.255.255)
Origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, weight 0
Path-id 1 advertised to peers: -> BGP peers were the prefix is advertised
10.1.1.2
Note: *AS-Path represents the ASN traversed to reach the location where the prefix originated.
**The AS-Path reads from right to left.
To review the Best Path Selection Process in BGP, see BGP Best Path Selection.
Related Information
Revision History
| Revision | Publish Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|
2.0 |
07-Feb-2024 |
Initial Release |
1.0 |
21-Jul-2023 |
Initial Release |
Contributed by Cisco Engineers
- Raul Yothan Diosdado OrtizTechnical Consulting Engineer
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