ISDN DDR Using HDLC Encapsulation

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Updated:September 9, 2005
Document ID:10369

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Introduction

There are two different ways to use high-level data link control (HDLC) over ISDN:

  • Define the physical interface to run HDLC. In other words, no encapsulation is defined since HDLC is the default encapsulation used by Cisco IOS® Software. This is the original way to configure HDLC with dial-on-demand routing (DDR) and is discussed in this document.

  • Use dialer interface to bind the protocol you want (in this example, HDLC) to a specific dialer. This is the newer method and allows for a specific physical interface to handle multiple protocols (for example, Point-to-Point Protocol [PPP] and HDLC). Since the protocol is configured on the dialer interface, the physical interface is not restricted. This method is known as Dynamic Multiple Encapsulations and is discussed in ISDN DDR using HDLC Encapsulation with Dynamic Multiple Encapsulations.

Prerequisites

Requirements

There are no specific requirements for this document.

Components Used

The information in this document is based on these software and hardware versions:

  • The routers taxbol, and goya are 2500 series routers used in a lab environment with cleared configurations.

  • Cisco IOS Software Release 11.2(22) is used on both routers.

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.

Conventions

For more information on document conventions, refer to Cisco Technical Tips Conventions.

Why Use HDLC?

The reason why a user requires HDLC on the ISDN is not obvious, since it has a lot of disadvantages compared to PPP. The only purpose is to simplify the configuration. However, it also simplifies access to the router for any hackers. HDLC does not support any kind of authentication, hence the best protection here would be to verify the calling number with the isdn caller command on your interface. Refer to Configuring CLI Screening or ISDN Authentication and Callback with Caller ID for additional information. Calling line ID (CLID) based authentication assumes that your Telco supplies the calling number in the ISDN setup messages. However, since many Telcos do not supply CLID, verify with your Telco before you configure CLID-based screening. If CLID is not supplied by the Telco, then all incoming calls into the router fail.

Another disadvantage of HDLC is that the router does not install a dynamic map. Therefore, a dialer map needs to be configured (on each end) for the HDLC peer.

Note: If only one side makes the call (for example, one router always accepts the call and does not dialout) make sure that you include a name for the remote peer in the dialer map statement of the receiving side. However, the name can be a fake name since the router has no way to authenticate the peer name to determine if it matches the dialer map name.

For example, this is a description and this ISDN number is 8130. 

  ip address 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252 
  isdn caller 8129 

 !--- This is to accept only calls from 8129. 

  dialer map ip 172.16.1.5 name bogus_to_accept_command

 !--- This is a dialer-map with a fake name. 

  dialer-group 1

Configure

In this section, you are presented with the information to configure the features described in this document.

Note: To find additional information on the commands used in this document, use the Command Lookup tool

Network Diagram

This document uses the network setup shown in this diagram.

bri_ddr_hdlcencap.gif

Configurations

goya 
Current configuration:
!
version 11.2
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
!
hostname goya
!

isdn switch-type basic-net3 

!--- The switch-type used is basic-net3. If you are in the United States, !--- configure the correct switch-type (for example !--- isdn switch-type basic-5ess). In the US, you also need to !--- configure the spids under the Basic Rate Interface (BRI) interface.
  
! 
interface Ethernet0 
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 
 no ip redirects 
! 
interface BRI0 

 !--- If you are in the US do not forget the SPID !--- (for example isdn spid1 01555.....) 

 description This ISDN number is 8129 
 ip address 172.16.1.5 255.255.255.252 
 dialer idle-timeout 60
 
!--- The idle is set to 60 seconds. 
 
  isdn caller 8130 
 
!--- Verify the incoming number since there is no authentication on HDLC. 

 dialer map ip 172.16.1.6 8130

 !--- This side is making the call to 8130. 

 dialer-group 1 
! 
ip classless 
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.6 
access-list 105 permit icmp any any

!--- This access-list is to debug ICMP only. 

dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
line con 0 
 exec-timeout 0 0 
 transport input none 
line aux 0 
line vty 0 4 
 exec-timeout 0 0 
 no login 
! 
end

traxbol 
Current configuration: 
! 
version 11.2 
service timestamps debug datetime msec 
service timestamps log datetime msec 
! 
hostname traxbol 
! 

isdn switch-type basic-net3 

!--- The switch-type used here is basic-net3. If you are in the United States, !--- configure the correct switch-type (for example !--- isdn switch-type basic-5ess). In the United States, you also need to !--- configure the SPIDs under the BRI interface. 
  
! 
Interface Ethernet0 
 ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 
 no ip redirects 
! 
interface BRI0 

 !--- If you are in the United States, do not forget the SPID !--- (for example isdn spid1 01555.....). 

 description This ISDN number is 8130 
 ip address 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252 
 isdn caller 8129 

 !--- Verify the incoming number since there is no authentication on HDLC. 

 dialer map ip 172.16.1.5 name goya

 !--- This side will not make any calls, but "name goya" is added to complete the !--- command. This is because a static dialer map is necessary.

 dialer-group 1 
! 
ip classless 
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.5 
access-list 105 permit icmp any any

!--- This access-list is to debug ICMP only. 

dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
line con 0 
 exec-timeout 0 0 
line aux 0 
line vty 0 4 
 exec-timeout 0 0 
 password ww 
 login 
! 
end

Verify

This section provides information you can use to confirm your configuration works properly.

Certain show commands are supported by the Output Interpreter Tool (registered customers only) , which allows you to view an analysis of show command output.

  • show interfaces bri number - Specifying only the number displays the D-channel for that BRI interface.

    Command Description
    number Interface number. The value is 0 through 7 if the router has one 8-port BRI NIM, or 0 through 15 if the router has two 8-port BRI NIMs. Interface number values vary, based on the hardware platform used. The Cisco 3600 series router for example, can have up to 48 interfaces.

No encapsulation was defined in the configuration, so by default it is HDLC. This can be verified with the show interface command as shown here: 

 goya#show interfaces bri 0 
  BRI0 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing) 
   Hardware is BRI 
   Description: This ISDN number is 8129 
   Internet address is 172.16.1.5/30 
   MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 
   Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set 
   
!--- HDLC is configured automatically
 
   Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never 
   Last clearing of "show interface" counters never 
   Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 
   Queueing strategy: weighted fair 
   Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)   
    Conversations  0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) 
    Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 
    5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 
    5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 
      3933 packets input, 20462 bytes, 0 no buffer 
      Received 15 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 
      0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 
      3926 packets output, 26100 bytes, 0 underruns 
      0 output errors, 0 collisions, 10 interface resets 
      0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 
      7 carrier transitions

Troubleshoot

This section provides information you can use to troubleshoot your configuration.

Troubleshooting Commands

Note: Before issuing debug commands, refer to Important Information on Debug Commands.

  • debug dialer

  • debug ip packet detail 105—Used to debug IP packets that are only ICMP (see access-list 105 in the configuration).

  • debug isdn q931—Used to see the ISDN Q.931 event and packets.

  • debug serial interface—Used to debug the HDLC.

Debug examples of both routers are shown here:

The output from goya:

goya#debug dialer 
Dial on demand events debugging is on 
goya#debug ip packet detail 105 
IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 105 
goya#debug isdn q931 
ISDN Q931 packets debugging is on

!--- Verify that the map is correctly configured. 

goya#show dialer map 
Static dialer map ip 172.16.1.6 name traxbol (8130) on BRI0 
goya#ping? 172.16.1.6 

!--- Ping to the remote destination. 

Type escape sequence to abort. 
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.6, timeout is 2 seconds: 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.230: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), len 100, sending

!--- The Ping attempts to leave the router. 

*Mar? 1 05:40:07.234:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.238: BRI0: Dialing cause ip (s=172.16.1.5, d=172.16.1.6) 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.238: BRI0: Attempting to dial 8130 

!--- The dialer attempts the call. 

*Mar? 1 05:40:07.242: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100,
   encapsulation failed

!--- This is because the HDLC is not ready. !--- Therefore, the encapsulation failed.
  
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.246:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 
 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.258: ISDN BR0: TX ->? SETUP pd = 8? callref = 0x37 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.258:???????? Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.262:???????? Channel ID i = 0x83 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.266:???????? Called Party Number i = 0x80, '8130' 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.318: ISDN BR0: RX <-? CALL_PROC pd = 8? callref = 0xB7 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.322:???????? Channel ID i = 0x89 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.470: ISDN BR0: RX <-? CONNECT pd = 8? callref = 0xB7 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.486: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.514: ISDN BR0: TX ->? CONNECT_ACK pd = 8? callref = 0x37

!--- The call is made.

*Mar? 1 05:40:07.!!!! 

!--- One ping packet was lost because the encapsulation was not ready. 

Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 52/58/76 ms 
goya#.518: dialer Protocol up for BR0:1 
*Mar? 1 05:40:07.526: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1,
 changed state to up 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.230: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, sending 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.234:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.278: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.278:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.282: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, sending 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.286:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.330: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.334:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.338: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, sending 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.338:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.406: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.410:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.414: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (local), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, sending 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.418:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:09.462: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 

!--- Other four ping packets are successful.

*Mar? 1 05:40:09.466:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 
goya# 
*Mar? 1 05:40:13.674: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8130
   traxbol 
!? 

!--- View the dialer.

!
goya#show dialer 

BRI0 - dialer type = ISDN 
Dial String????? Successes?? Failures??? Last called?? Last status 
8130?????????????????? 299???????? 10??? 00:00:11?????? successful 
0 incoming call(s) have been screened. 
BRI0:1 - dialer type = ISDN 
Idle timer (60 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) 
Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) 
Dialer state is data link layer up 

!--- The next two lines tell who triggered the call !--- and the time remaining before disconnect. 

Dial reason: ip (s=172.16.1.5, d=172.16.1.6) 
Time until disconnect 50 secs 
Connected to 8130 (traxbol) 

BRI0:2 - dialer type = ISDN 
Idle timer (60 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) 
Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) 
Dialer state is idle 
goya# 
!

!--- View the HDLC.

!
goya#debug serial interface? 
Serial network interface debugging is on 
goya#ping 172.16.1.6
 Type escape sequence to abort. 
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.6, timeout is 2 seconds: 
!!!!! 
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/93/328 ms 
goya# 
*Mar? 1 06:35:03.266: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 
*Mar? 1 06:35:03.814: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1,
   changed state to up 
*Mar? 1 06:35:04.822: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 0, mineseen 0, yourseen 0, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:35:09.846: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8130
   traxbol 
*Mar? 1 06:35:14.826: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 1, mineseen 1*, yourseen 1, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:35:24.838: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 2, mineseen 2*, yourseen 2, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:35:34.842: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 3, mineseen 3*, yourseen 3, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:35:44.846: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 4, mineseen 4*, yourseen 4, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:35:54.850: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 5, mineseen 5*, yourseen 5, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:36:03.862: %ISDN-6-DISCONNECT: Interface BRI0:1? disconnected from
   8130 traxbol, call lasted 60 seconds 
*Mar? 1 06:36:03.974: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down 
*Mar? 1 06:36:04.858: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1,
   changed state to down 
goya#undebug all 
All possible debugging has been turned off 
goya#

The output from traxbol:

traxbol#debug dialer 
Dial on demand events debugging is on 
traxbol#debug ip packet detail 105 
IP packet debugging is on (detailed) for access list 105 
traxbol#debug isdn q931 
ISDN Q931 packets debugging is on 

!--- Verify that the map is correctly configured. 

traxbol#show dialer map 
Static dialer map ip 172.16.1.5 name goya (8129) on BRI0 
traxbol# 

!--- A call is received, notice that the calling party !--- matches the ISDN caller configuration.

*Mar? 1 05:40:30.898: ISDN BR0: RX <-? SETUP pd = 8? callref = 0x15 
*Mar? 1 05:40:30.898:???????? Bearer Capability i = 0x8890 
*Mar? 1 05:40:30.902:???????? Channel ID i = 0x89 
*Mar? 1 05:40:30.906:???????? Calling Party Number i = 0xA1, '8129' 
*Mar? 1 05:40:30.906:???????? Called Party Number i = 0xC1, '8130' 
*Mar? 1 05:40:30.918: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 
*Mar? 1 05:40:30.954: ISDN BR0: TX ->? CONNECT pd = 8? callref = 0x95 
*Mar? 1 05:40:30.958: dialer Protocol up for BR0:1 
*Mar? 1 05:40:31.014: ISDN BR0: RX <-? CONNECT_ACK pd = 8? callref = 0x15 
*Mar? 1 05:40:31.018:???????? Channel ID i = 0x89 
*Mar? 1 05:40:31.862: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1,
 changed state to up 

!--- debug ip packet detail 105 shows the ICMPs on this router. 

*Mar? 1 05:40:32.794: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.798:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.802: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (local), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, sending 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.802:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.850: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.854:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.854: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (local), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, sending 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.858:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.926: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.930:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.930: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (local), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, sending 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.934:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.982: IP: s=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), d=172.16.1.6 (BRI0), Len 100, rcvd 3 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.982:???? ICMP type=8, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.986: IP: s=172.16.1.6 (local), d=172.16.1.5 (BRI0), Len 100, sending 
*Mar? 1 05:40:32.990:???? ICMP type=0, code=0 
*Mar? 1 05:40:36.994: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8129 goya
! 

!--- On the dialer, the call is received. !--- There is no dial reason. However, the idle has been using the !--- default 120 seconds since nothing was configured. !--- The router GOYA closes !--- the call earlier because the idle is set to 60 seconds on that side. 
!
traxbol#show dialer 

BRI0 - dialer type = ISDN 

Dial String????? Successes?? Failures??? Last called?? Last status 
8129???????????????????? 0????????? 0??? never?????????????????? - 
10 incoming call(s) have been screened. 

BRI0:1 - dialer type = ISDN 
Idle timer (120 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) 
Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) 
Dialer state is data link layer up 
Time until disconnect 103 secs 
Connected to 8129 (goya) 

BRI0:2 - dialer type = ISDN 
Idle timer (120 secs), Fast idle timer (20 secs) 
Wait for carrier (30 secs), Re-enable (15 secs) 
Dialer state is idle 
traxbol# 
!

!--- View the HDLC.

!
traxbol#debug serial interface 
Serial network interface debugging is on 
traxbol# 
*Mar? 1 06:35:26.674: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 
*Mar? 1 06:35:26.698: Ser-Autodetect BR0:1: no autodetect configuration 
*Mar? 1 06:35:27.534: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1,
   changed state to up 
*Mar? 1 06:35:31.554: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 0, mineseen 0*, yourseen 1, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:35:33.578: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 8129
   goya 
*Mar? 1 06:35:41.598: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 1, mineseen 1*, yourseen 2, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:35:51.702: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 2, mineseen 2*, yourseen 3, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:36:01.746: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 3, mineseen 3*, yourseen 4, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:36:11.790: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 4, mineseen 4*, yourseen 5, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:36:21.894: BRI0:1: HDLC myseq 5, mineseen 5*, yourseen 6, line up? 
*Mar? 1 06:36:27.510: %ISDN-6-DISCONNECT: Interface BRI0:1? disconnected from 8129
   goya, call lasted 60 seconds 
*Mar? 1 06:36:27.514: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down 
*Mar? 1 06:36:27.922: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1,
   changed state to down 
traxbol#undebug all 
All possible debugging has been turned off 
traxbol#

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